The Principles of Astronomical Telescope Design
|
|
|
- Ella Rich
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Principles of Astronomical Telescope Design Jingquan Cheng National Radio Astronomy Observatory Charlottesville, Virginia,.USA " 4y Springer
2 Fundamentals of Optical Telescopes A Brief History of Optical Telescopes General Astronomical Requirements ' Angular Resolution, '.. ' 6 1:2.2 Light Collecting Power and Limiting Star Magnitude Field of View and Combined Efficiency..' Atmospheric Windows and Site Selection Fundamentals of Astronomical Optics Optical Systems for Astronomical Telescopes Aberrations and Their Calculations Formulas of Telescope Aberrations Field Corrector Design Ray Tracing, Spot Diagram, and Merit Function Modern Optical Theory Optical Transfer Function Wave Aberrations and Modulation Transfer Function Wavefront Error and the Strehl Ratio Image Spatial Frequency Image Property of a Segmented Mirror System 81 References 84 Mirror Design For Optical Telescopes Specifications for Optical Mirror Design...' Fundamental Requirements for Optical Mirrors ( Mirror Surface Error and Mirror Support Systems Surface Error Fitting and Slope Error Expression Lightweight Primary Mirror Design Significance of Lightweight.Mirrors for Telescopes Thin Mirror Design Honeycomb Mirror Design Multi-Mirror Telescopes 109
3 x Contents Segmented Mirror Telescopes..r.. Ill Metal and Lightweight Mirrors..../ Mirror Polishing and Mirror Supporting Material Properties of Optical Mirrors Optical Mirror Polishing Vacuum Coating... ' Mirror Supporting Mechanisms ' Mirror Seeing and Stray Light Control. y Mirror Seeing Effect Stray Light Control.., 135 References, '.'.'' Telescope Structures and Control System Telescope Mounting ' 141,3.1.1 Equatorial Mounting , Altitude-Azimuth Mounting''./ Stewart Platform Mounting/ Fixed Mirror or Fixed Altitude Mountings....; Telescope Tube and Other Structure Design Specifications for Telescope Tube Design Telescope Tube Design Support Vane Design for Secondary Mirror ' Telescope Bearing Design Structural Static Analysis....' Telescope Drive and Control Specifications of a Telescope Drive System Trends in Drive System Design Encoder Systems for Telescopes Pointing Error Corrections Servo Controland Distributed Intelligence Star Guiding Structural Dynamic Analysis Wind and Earthquake Spectrums.... : Dynamic Simulation of Telescope Structures Combined Structural and Control Simulation Structure Vibration Control "...: Telescope Foundation Design 218 References Advanced Techniques for Optical Telescopes Active and Adaptive Optics Basic Principles of Active and Adaptive Optics..: Wavefront Sensors.._ Actuators, Deformable Mirrors, Phase Correctors, and Metrology Systems
4 4.1.4, Active Optics System and Phasing Sensors :..; Curvature Sensors and Tip-Tilt Devices Atmospheric Disturbance and Adaptive Optics Compensation'...'...' Artificial Laser Guide Star and Adaptive Optics, Atmosphere Tomography and Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics Adaptive Secondary Mirror Design Optical Interferometers Speckle Interferometer Technique Michelson Interferometer Fizeau Interferometry Intensity Interferometer 293 ' Amplitude Interferometer 300 References 305 Space Telescope Projects and their Development Orbit Environmental Conditions Orbit Definition Orbit Thermal Conditions Other Orbit Conditions Attitude Control of Space Telescopes Attitude Sensors ' Attitude Actuators... : Space Telescope Projects Hubble Space Telescope.. : James Webb Space Telescope The Space Interferometry Mission and Other Space Programs 331 References 336 Fundamentals of Radio Telescopes Brief History of Jladio Telescopes Scientific Requirements for Radio Telescopes Atmospheric Radio Windows and Site Selection Parameters of Radio Antennas Radiation Pattern , Antenna Gain Antenna Temperature and Noise Temperature Antenna Efficiency r Polarization Properties Optical Arrangement of Radio Antennas Characteristics of Offset Antennas Radio Telescope Receivers. 374 References 375 xi
5 Radio Telescope Design.. J 'Antenna Tolerance and Homologous Design Transmission Loss of Electromagnetic Waves Antenna Tolerance Theory Antenna Homology Antenna Surface Best Fitting ' Positional Tolerances of Antenna Reflector and Feed Aperture Blockage and jground Radiation f Pickup Antenna Surface Fitting Through Ray Tracing Radio Telescope Structure Design General Types of Radio Antennas Steerable Parabolic Antenna Design..' Wind Effect on Antenna Structures Active Control of Radio Telescopes Radio Interferometers Fundamentals of Radio Interferometers ' Aperture Synthesis Telescopes Weiner-Khinchin and Van Cittert-Zernike Theorems. '...;. '...' Calibration: Active Optics After Observation Very Large Array, Expanded Very Large Array, and Square Kilometer Array.' Very Long Baseline Interferometer Space Radio Interferometers 439 References Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelength Telescopes Thermal Effects on Millimeter Wavelength Telescopes Characteristics of Millimeter Wavelength Telescopes Thermal Conditions of Open Air Antennas Heat Transfer Formulae Panel Thermal Design Backup Structure Thermal Design Structural Design of Millimeter Wavelength Antennas Panel Requirements and Manufacture Backup Structure Design Design of Chopping Secondary Mirror Sensors, Metrology, and Optical Pointing Telescopes Active Optics Used in Millimeter Antennas Antenna Lightning Protection Carbon Fiber Composite Materials Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites Thermal Deformation of Shaped.Sandwiched Structures, CFRP-Metal Joint Design. 482
6 . xiii 8.4 Holographic Measurements and Quasi-Optics Holographic Measurements of Antenna Surfaces Surface Panel Adjusting Quasi-Optics Broadband Planar Antennas 496 References Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-Ray, and Gamma Ray Telescopes Infrared Telescopes Requirements of Infrared Telescopes Structural Properties of Infrared Telescopes Balloon-Borne and Space-Based Infrared Telescopes X-Ray and Ultraviolet Telescopes : Properties of X-Ray Radiation...: X-Ray Imaging Telescopes Space X-ray Telescopes < Microarcsecond X-ray Image Mission : Space Ultraviolet Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Fundamentals Gamma Ray Coded Mask Telescopes Compton Scattering and Pair Telescopes Space Gamma Ray Telescopes Air Cherenkov Telescopes Extensive Air Shower Array Major Ground-Based Gamma Ray Projects 546 References Gravitational Wave, Cosmic Ray and Dark Matter Telescopes. ' Gravitational Wave Telescopes Gravitational Wave Fundamentals Resonant Gravitational Wave Telescopes Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Detectors Important Gravitational Wave Telescope Projects Other Gravitational Wave and Gravity Telescopes Cosmic Ray Telescopes Cosmic Ray Spectrum Cosmic Ray EAS Array Telescopes..: Cosmic Ray Fluorescence Detectors Magnetic Spectrometer Detectors Dark Matter Detectors Cold and Hot Dark Matter Detection of Neutrinos
7 xiv Contents Status of Neutrino Telescopes.: Detection of Cold Dark Matter 581 References Review of Astronomical Telescopes Introduction Electromagnetic Wave and Atmosphere Transmission Nonelectromagnetic Telescopes Ground Astronomical Telescopes :.. / Space Astronomical Telescopes Man's Space Missions Moon Missions Mercury Missions Venus Missions. : Mars Missions. ; Jupiter Missions.,../'../ Saturn, Uranus, Neptune', and Pluto Missions Asteroids and Comet Missions Reconnaissance Telescopes : x. 604 References Appendix A 607 Appendix B. 613 Index. 615
x Contents Segmented Mirror Telescopes Metal and Lightweight Mirrors Mirror Polishing
Contents 1 Fundamentals of Optical Telescopes... 1 1.1 A Brief History of Optical Telescopes.................... 1 1.2 General Astronomical Requirements..................... 6 1.2.1 Angular Resolution.............................
Telescopes and the Atmosphere
Telescopes and the Atmosphere Our goals for learning How does Earth s atmosphere affect ground-based observations? Why do we put telescopes into space? How does Earth s atmosphere affect ground-based observations?
Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 8/12/2015. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition
Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Optics and Telescopes By reading this chapter, you will learn 6 1 How a refracting telescope uses a lens to form an image
Chapter 26. Objectives. Describe characteristics of the universe in terms of time, distance, and organization
Objectives Describe characteristics of the universe in terms of time, distance, and organization Identify the visible and nonvisible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum Compare refracting telescopes
Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 11/16/2014. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition
Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Optics and Telescopes By reading this chapter, you will learn 6 1 How a refracting telescope uses a lens to form an image
Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes
Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Optics and Telescopes - Refraction, lenses and refracting telescopes - Mirrors and reflecting telescopes - Diffraction limit,
Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds. Chapter 6. Light and Telescopes
Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In this chapter, you will consider the techniques astronomers use to study the Universe What is light? How do telescopes work?
Todays Topics 3/19/2018. Light and Telescope. PHYS 1403 Introduction to Astronomy. CCD Camera Makes Digital Images. Astronomical Detectors
PHYS 1403 Introduction to Astronomy Light and Telescope Chapter 6 Todays Topics Astronomical Detectors Radio Telescopes Why we need space telescopes? Hubble Space Telescopes Future Space Telescopes Astronomy
Universe Now. 2. Astronomical observations
Universe Now 2. Astronomical observations 2. Introduction to observations Astronomical observations are made in all wavelengths of light. Absorption and emission can reveal different things on different
Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes
Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In the early chapters of this book, you looked at the sky the way ancient astronomers did, with the unaided eye. In chapter 4, you got a glimpse through Galileo
Light Pollution. Atmospheric Seeing. Seeing Through the Atmosphere. Atmospheric Absorption of Light
Lec 8: 2 FEB 2012 ASTR 130 - Introductory Astronomy II (Chapter 6) LAST TIME - Optics and Telescopes Basic Functions of a Telescope Reflecting v. Refracting Affects of the Atmosphere TODAY Modern Astronomical
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one substance into another. Your eye uses refraction to focus light.
Telescopes Portals of Discovery Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors How do eyes and cameras work? Seventh Edition Telescopes Portals of Discovery The Eye
Lecture 14: Non-Optical Telescopes. Resolving Power. When light enters a telescope, it is bent slightly:
Lecture 14: Non-Optical Telescopes When light enters a telescope, it is bent slightly: Wave fronts Light rays D The angle of bending limits the resolution of the telescope This depends on the aperture
Collecting Light. In a dark-adapted eye, the iris is fully open and the pupil has a diameter of about 7 mm. pupil
Telescopes Collecting Light The simplest means of observing the Universe is the eye. The human eye is sensitive to light with a wavelength of about 400 and 700 nanometers. In a dark-adapted eye, the iris
AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies
AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies Telescopes Mauna Kea Observatories, Big Island, HI Imaging with our Eyes pupil allows light to enter the eye lens focuses light to create an image retina detects
Astronomical Tools. Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes
Astronomical Tools Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes Laws of Refraction and Reflection Law of Refraction n 1 sin θ 1
What are the most important properties of a telescope? Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. What are the two basic designs of telescopes?
Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery What are the most important properties of a telescope? 1. Light-collecting area: Telescopes with a larger collecting area can gather a greater amount of light
Light and Telescope 10/24/2018. PHYS 1403 Introduction to Astronomy. Reminder/Announcement. Chapter Outline. Chapter Outline (continued)
PHYS 1403 Introduction to Astronomy Light and Telescope Chapter 6 Reminder/Announcement 1. Extension for Term Project 1: Now Due on Monday November 12 th 2. You will be required to bring your cross staff
Properties of Thermal Radiation
Observing the Universe: Telescopes Astronomy 2020 Lecture 6 Prof. Tom Megeath Today s Lecture: 1. A little more on blackbodies 2. Light, vision, and basic optics 3. Telescopes Properties of Thermal Radiation
Electronic Imaging in Astronomy
Ian S, McLean Electronic Imaging in Astronomy Detectors and Instrumentation (Second Edition) j""v Published f udiisnea in association with witn fyj Springer Praxis PubUshing Publisl PR Chichester, UK Contents
Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. Agenda. How does your eye form an image? Refraction. Example: Refraction at Sunset
Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Agenda Announce: Read S2 for Thursday Ch. 6 Telescopes 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors How does your eye form an image? Our goals for learning How
Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery
Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning: How does your eye form an image? How do we record images? How does your eye form an image?
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 24 Studying the Sun 24.1 The Study of Light Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible
Solution for Homework# 3. Chapter 5 : Review & Discussion
Solution for Homework# 3 Chapter 5 : Review & Discussion. The largest telescopes are reflecting telescopes, primarily because of 3 distinct disadvantages of the refracting telescope. When light passes
ASTR 2310: Chapter 6
ASTR 231: Chapter 6 Astronomical Detection of Light The Telescope as a Camera Refraction and Reflection Telescopes Quality of Images Astronomical Instruments and Detectors Observations and Photon Counting
Talk about. Optical Telescopes and Instrumentation. by Christian Clemens
Talk about Optical Telescopes and Instrumentation by Christian Clemens Overview powers of telescopes lens refractors, mirror reflectors interferometry, spectroscopy, optical systems modern observatories
Astronomy 1504/15014 Section 20
1 point each Astronomy 1504/15014 Section 20 Midterm 1 (Practice Exam) September 21, 2015 Exam Version A Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through
Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Telescopes Portals of Discovery 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Telescopes Portals of Discovery CofC Observatory 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals
Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Telescopes Portals of Discovery Telescopes Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning: How do eyes
Educational Product Teachers Grades K-12 EG MSFC
Educational Product Teachers Grades K-12 NASA Spacelink Optics: An Educators Guide With Activities In Science and Mathematics is available in electronic format through NASA Spacelink one of the Agency
Astro 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3
Astro 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3 Chapter 6 1. Which of the following statements is false? a) Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another. b) Mirrors
Astronomy 103: First Exam
Name: Astronomy 103: First Exam Stephen Lepp October 27, 2010 Each question is worth 2 points. Write your name on this exam and on the scantron. 1 Short Answer A. What is the largest of the terrestrial
Lecture Outlines. Chapter 5. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outlines Chapter 5 Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 5 Telescopes Units of Chapter 5 5.1 Optical Telescopes 5.2 Telescope Size 5.3 Images and Detectors 5.4 High-Resolution Astronomy
ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies
ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies!AST CLASS Learning from light: temperature (from continuum spectrum) chemical composition (from spectral lines) velocity (from Doppler shift) "ODA# Detecting
Chapter 5 Telescopes
Chapter 5 Telescopes Units of Chapter 5 Telescope Design Images and Detectors The Hubble Space Telescope Telescope Size High-Resolution Astronomy Radio Astronomy Interferometry Space-Based Astronomy Full-Spectrum
Optics and Telescopes
Optics and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote
Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 5 Telescopes Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Learning Objectives Upon completing this chapter you should be able to: 1. Classify the
Why Use a Telescope?
1 Why Use a Telescope? All astronomical objects are distant so a telescope is needed to Gather light -- telescopes sometimes referred to as light buckets Resolve detail Magnify an image (least important
Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger 5.1 Basic Properties of Light and Matter Our goals for learning: What is light? What is matter? How do light and matter interact? What is light? Light is an electromagnetic
How Light Beams Behave. Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions. Telescopes A refracting telescope uses a lens to concentrate incoming light at a focus
Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote
Today. Next time. Emission & Absorption lines measuring elemental abundances. Doppler Effect. Telescopes technology to measure with
Today Emission & Absorption lines measuring elemental abundances Doppler Effect measuring motion Telescopes technology to measure with Solar System Overview what s out there? Next time Homework 3 Due Chemical
Light and Telescopes
Light and Telescopes Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015 Quotes & Cartoon of the Day We find them smaller and fainter, in constantly increasing numbers, and we know that we
Astronomy Today. Eighth edition. Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan
Global edition Astronomy Today Eighth edition Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan The Distance Scale ~1 Gpc Velocity L Distance Hubble s law Supernovae ~200 Mpc Time Tully-Fisher ~25 Mpc ~10,000 pc Time Variable
Edmonds Community College Astronomy 100 Winter Quarter 2007 Sample Exam # 2
Edmonds Community College Astronomy 100 Winter Quarter 2007 Sample Exam # 2 Instructor: L. M. Khandro 1. Relatively speaking, objects with high temperatures emit their peak radiation in short wavelengths
Arvind Borde / AST 10, Week 7: Light and Telescopy
Arvind Borde / AST 10, Week 7: Light and Telescopy Light (1) How do we know the rest of the astronomical Universe exists? (We cannot feel it, smell it, hear it or taste it.) We can see it. (2) What do
On to Telescopes. Imaging with our Eyes. Telescopes and cameras work much like our eyes. ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies !
ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies On to Telescopes!AST CLASS Learning from light: temperature (from continuum spectrum) chemical composition (from spectral lines) velocity (from Doppler shift)
Astronomers Universe. More information about this series at
Astronomers Universe More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6960 ThiS is a FM Blank Page John Wilkinson The Solar System in Close-Up John Wilkinson Castlemaine, Victoria Australia
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy Bernard F. Burke Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Francis Graham-Smith Jodrell Bank, University of Manchester CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface Acknowledgements
Adaptive Optics for the Giant Magellan Telescope. Marcos van Dam Flat Wavefronts, Christchurch, New Zealand
Adaptive Optics for the Giant Magellan Telescope Marcos van Dam Flat Wavefronts, Christchurch, New Zealand How big is your telescope? 15-cm refractor at Townsend Observatory. Talk outline Introduction
What do we do with the image?
Astro 150 Spring 2018: Lecture 7 page 1 Reading: Chapter 6, Sect. 6.4; Chapter 14 + assignment posted on Astro 150 website Homework: questions on special reading - answers due in lecture Thursday Exam
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy Second edition Bernard F. Burke and Francis Graham-Smith CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface to the second edition page x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The role of radio
Gravitational Waves & Precision Measurements
Gravitational Waves & Precision Measurements Mike Smith 1 -20 2 HOW SMALL IS THAT? Einstein 1 meter 1/1,000,000 3 1,000,000 smaller Wavelength of light 10-6 meters 1/10,000 4 10,000 smaller Atom 10-10
ASTRONOMY QUIZ NUMBER 1
ASTRONOMY QUIZ NUMBER. You read in an astronomy atlas that an object has a negative right ascension. You immediately conclude that A) the object is located in the Southern Sky. B) the object is located
9/19/ Basic Properties of Light and Matter. Chapter 5: Light: The Cosmic Messenger. What is light? Lecture Outline
Lecture Outline 5.1 Basic Properties of Light and Matter Chapter 5: Light: The Cosmic Messenger Our goals for learning: What is light? What is matter? How do light and matter interact? What is light? Light
Telescopes. Lecture 7 2/7/2018
Telescopes Lecture 7 2/7/2018 Tools to measure electromagnetic radiation Three essentials for making a measurement: A device to collect the radiation A method of sorting the radiation A device to detect
1 Naval Research Laboratory Remote Sensing Division, Code Aberdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Telescope Program at the Naval Research Laboratory Sergio R. Restaino 1, Ty Martinez 1, Jonathan R. Andrews 1, Christopher C. Wilcox 1, S. Teare 2, Robert Romeo 3,
III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS:
III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS: A. Since light is so important to astronomers, they want to collect as much of it as possible from a given object, and quantitatively study it in great detail. 1. Astronomers use
What do companies win being a supplier to ESO
What do companies win being a supplier to ESO Arnout Tromp Head of Contracts and Procurement Topics Characteristics of what ESO procures Technology in Astronomy Spin off from the past The future: E-ELT
David Chaney Space Symposium Radius of Curvature Actuation for the James Webb Space Telescope
2018 Space Symposium Radius of Curvature Actuation for the James Webb Space Telescope David Chaney Optical Engineering Staff Consultant Ball Aerospace 4/2/18 1 JWST Overview James Webb Space Telescope
Summary. Week 7: 10/5 & 10/ Learning from Light. What are the three basic types of spectra? Three Types of Spectra
Week 7: 10/5 & 10/7 Capturing that radiation Chapter 6 (Telescopes & Sensors) Optical to Radio Summary What are we sensing? Matter! Matter is made of atoms (nucleus w/ protons, neutrons & cloud of electrons
@astro_stephi. Telescopes. CAASTRO in the Classroom: National Science Week Stephanie Bernard, University of Melbourne
@astro_stephi Telescopes CAASTRO in the Classroom: National Science Week 2017 Stephanie Bernard, University of Melbourne About me NASA, ESA NASA, JPL The first telescopes Invented in 1600s in the Netherlands
Chapter 26 Section 1 pages Directed Reading Section: Viewing the Universe
Name: Period: Chapter 26 Section 1 pages 659-666 Directed Reading Section: Viewing the Universe 1. How did observations of the sky help sailors in the past? 2. What is the main reason people study the
X Rays must be viewed from space used for detecting exotic objects such as neutron stars and black holes also observing the Sun.
6/25 How do we get information from the telescope? 1. Galileo drew pictures. 2. With the invention of photography, we began taking pictures of the view in the telescope. With telescopes that would rotate
CHAPTER 11. We continue to Learn a lot about the Solar System by using Space Exploration
CHAPTER 11 We continue to Learn a lot about the Solar System by using Space Exploration Section 11.1 The Sun page 390 -Average sized star -Millions of km away -300,000 more massive then Earth, 99% of all
~ λ / D. Diffraction Limit 2/7/17. Topics for Today. Problems in Looking Through Our Atmosphere. ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies
ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies Gran Telescopio Canarias, La Palma 10.4m Topics for Today What our atmosphere does to light Magic of adaptive optics Radio telescopes: many dishes make a big one (interferometry
Useful Formulas and Values
Name Test 1 Planetary and Stellar Astronomy 2017 (Last, First) The exam has 20 multiple choice questions (3 points each) and 8 short answer questions (5 points each). This is a closed-book, closed-notes
The Principles of Astronomical Telescope Design
The Principles of Astronomical Telescope Design Astrophysics and Space Science Library EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W. B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. (bburton@nrao.edu);
Astronomy 1 Fall 2016
Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 One person s perspective: Three great events stand at the threshold of the modern age and determine its character: 1) the discovery of America; 2) the Reformation; 3) the invention
New physics is learnt from extreme or fundamental things
New physics is learnt from extreme or fundamental things New physics is learnt from extreme or fundamental things The Universe is full of extremes and is about as fundamental as it gets! New physics is
High-Resolution Imagers
40 Telescopes and Imagers High-Resolution Imagers High-resolution imagers look at very small fields of view with diffraction-limited angular resolution. As the field is small, intrinsic aberrations are
PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A
PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. A blackbody emits all of its radiation
1/29/14. Topics for Today. UV, X-rays and Gamma-rays. Atmospheric Absorption of Light. Why bother with other light? ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies
ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies Gran Telescopio Canarias, La Palma 10.4m Topics for Today What our atmosphere does to light Magic of adaptive optics Radio telescopes: many dishes make a big one (interferometry
T. Matsuo (NAOJ) ISS dimension ~ football stadium ISS mass ~ Jumbo jet ISS space = 1.5 x Jumbo jet. 90 min per orbit
ISS/JEM M. Tamura T. Matsuo (NAOJ) ISS dimension ~ football stadium ISS mass ~ Jumbo jet ISS space = 1.5 x Jumbo jet ISS orbit ~ 400 km above ground 90 min per orbit Japanese Experiment Module (JEM):"KIBO
Light and Telescopes
Light and Telescopes The key thing to note is that light and matter interact. This can happen in four principal ways: 1) emission a hot object such as the filament in a light bulb emits visible light 2)
Application of Precision Deformable Mirrors to Space Astronomy
Application of Precision Deformable Mirrors to Space Astronomy John Trauger, Dwight Moody Brian Gordon, Yekta Gursel (JPL) Mark Ealey, Roger Bagwell (Xinetics) Workshop on Innovative Designs for the Next
Space instrumentation II
Space instrumentation II Examples of instrument implementations Gunnar Maehlum CEO Integrated Detector Electronics AS 06.09.2017 G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 1 Outline Uses and users of space instruments. Instruments
International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA)
Syllabus of International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA) General Notes 1. Extensive contents in basic astronomical concepts are required in theoretical and practical problems. 2. Basic concepts
Our Galactic center (GC) is 25,000 ly away (8000 pc) GC lies behind 30 visual magnitudes of dust and gas
Our Galactic center (GC) is 25,000 ly away (8000 pc) GC lies behind 30 visual magnitudes of dust and gas VLA image at λ=90 cm ~45 resolution inner few degrees of the Galaxy Interferometry A technique to
Coursework Booklet 2
Level 3 Applied Science UNIT 16: Astronomy and Space Science PHYSICS SECTION Coursework Booklet 2 1 P a g e Astronomy and space science Learning aim B Undertake measurement and observation of astronomical
Professor Emeritus in Astronomy, Honorary Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
Astronomy: Principles and Practice Fourth Edition A E Roy, PhD, FRAS, FRSE, FBIS Professor Emeritus in Astronomy, Honorary Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow, University of Glasgow D Clarke, PhD, MInstP,
Telescopes. Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018
Telescopes Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018 Telescopes gather light and resolve detail A telescope is sometimes called a light bucket. Number of photons collected per second is proportional to
Lecture Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1
Lecture 13+14 Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1 Important Concepts for Understanding Spectra Electromagnetic Spectrum Continuous Spectrum Absorption Spectrum Emission Spectrum Emission line Wavelength, Frequency
Stars, Galaxies & the Universe (29:50) Professor C.C. Lang Exam #1 - Fall 2010 Wednesday, September 22 nd FORM B - SOLUTIONS
Stars, Galaxies & the Universe (29:50) Professor C.C. Lang Exam #1 - Fall 2010 Wednesday, September 22 nd FORM B - SOLUTIONS Questions 1-6 are True/False questions (worth 4 pts each): 1. The Sun is a Red
Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 5
Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the wavelength of the longest wavelength light visible to the human eye? a. 400 nm b. 4000 nm c. 7000 nm
Space Physics Questions CfE
Space Physics Questions CfE 1) Write down the definitions of the following: a) Moon b) Planet c) Sun d) Star e) Solar System f) Exoplanet g) Galaxy h) Universe. 2) What is cosmology the study of? 3) a)
Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999
Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999 Reminder: When I write these questions, I believe that there is one one correct answer. The questions consist of all parts a e. Read the entire
Earth s Atmosphere & Telescopes. Atmospheric Effects
Earth s Atmosphere & Telescopes Whether light is absorbed by the atmosphere or not depends greatly on its wavelength. Earth s atmosphere can absorb certain wavelengths of light so much that astronomers
Physics Homework 2 Fall 2015
1) The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system? 1) A) among the orbits of the terrestrial planets B) between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter C) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter D) between the
Magnifying Glass. Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1. image at 25 cm (= normal near point) relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point
Magnifying Glass Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1 relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point image at 25 cm (= normal near point) For more magnification, first use a lens to form an enlarged
Name Class Date. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS 1. Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence: year, month, day, astronomy, electromagnetic spectrum, constellation, and altitude. For each pair
Radio Interferometry and ALMA
Radio Interferometry and ALMA T. L. Wilson ESO 1 PLAN Basics of radio astronomy, especially interferometry ALMA technical details ALMA Science More details in Interferometry Schools such as the one at
Generalities on Metrology and Microwave Holography
Generalities on Metrology and Microwave Holography Richard Prestage National Radio Astronomy Observatory Second Sardinian Summer School on Radio Astronomy and Radio Science Outline of Talk Part I: General
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS C. A. Bennett University of North Carolina At Asheville WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Preface 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction
Light and Telescopes
Light and Telescopes Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015 Quotes & Cartoon of the Day We find them smaller and fainter, in constantly increasing numbers, and we know that we
Astronomical Instruments
Astronomical Instruments 1 Human Eye iris Until 17 th century all astronomical studies limited to naked eye observations. Equipment used were mainly to measure positions of celestial objects in the sky.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The Arecibo radio telescope is laid out like which optical telescope design? 1) A) prime
Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical
Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical Trigonometry p. 9 The Earth p. 12 The Celestial Sphere p. 14 The
Background, theory and practical limitations of metrology systems at Radio Astronomy Antennas
Metrology Systems for Radio Astronomy at MTM Background, theory and practical limitations of metrology systems at Radio Astronomy Antennas Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden September
Science Practice Astronomy (AstronomyJSuber)
Name: Date: 1. The pull of gravity on Earth is a direct result of the A. mass of Earth. B. magnetic field of Earth. C. rotation of Earth on its axis. D. weight of Earth's atmosphere. This online assessment
Directed Reading. Section: Viewing the Universe THE VALUE OF ASTRONOMY. Skills Worksheet. 1. How did observations of the sky help farmers in the past?
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Viewing the Universe 1. How did observations of the sky help farmers in the past? 2. How did observations of the sky help sailors in the past? 3. What is the