An overview on PRIC s UAP observations in the polar regions. Hongqiao Hu & UAP Group Polar Research Institute of China

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1 An overview on PRIC s UAP observations in the polar regions Hongqiao Hu & UAP Group Polar Research Institute of China

2 Our research interests Aurora and magnetosphere dynamics Polar ionosphere Polar upper and middle atmosphere Plasma waves in polar regions Coupling between solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper /middle atmosphere Space weather and climate

3 Outline Chinese polar stations Conjugate UAP observation system Highlights of recent research progress Future plans

4 Chinese Antarctic Stations Station Establish Geo.Lat Geo. Long. INV Lat INV Long Great Wall S W Zhongshan S E Kunlun (Dome A) S E Taishan S E

5 Chinese Arctic Stations Joint Icelandic Auroral Observatory Station Establish Geo.Lat Geo. Long. INV Lat INV Long Yellow River N E KHO N E Icelandic Aurora Yellow River Station N W

6 Conjugate UAP Observation system Yellow River Zhongshan Re Zhongshan-Yellow River conjugate pair at cusp latitude

7 Polar Geospace Observatory at Zhongshan

8 SuperDARN HF radar

9 CCD auroral imagers Multiple-wavelength all sky imager (427.8/432.0/540.0/557.7/620.0/630.0nm) Multiple-scale auroral imagers (FOV:8º/19º/47º)

10 Small scale auroral images FOV_180 21:37:40_FOV_47d 21:37:40_FOV_19d 21:37:40_FOV_8d 21:37:38 21:37:50_FOV_47d 21:37:50_FOV_19d 21:37:50_FOV_8d 21:37:50

11 Meridian Auroral spectrograph ( nm)

12 DPS-4D

13 Ionospheric Scintillation Triangle

14 Magnetometer chain: Zhongshan-Dome A (Kunlun)

15 UAP Observations in Svalbard- Yellow River Station All-sky auroral imagers Auroral spectrograph ( nm) Imaging Riometer Fluxgate Magnetometer

16 Aurora Observations in Svalbard- Kjell Henriksen Observatory Multiple-wavelength all-sky imager (427.8/432.0/540.0/557.7/620.0/630.0nm) Fluxgate Magnetometer Combined Auroral Observation between YRS and KHO

17 Highlights of recent research progress Extracts from a full series of 2D maps of median-filtered TEC (24) and ionospheric convection on a geomagnetic latitude/mlt grid with noon at the top.

18 Coordinate Cluster & ASI at YSR observations of FTEs (Zhang, et al., JGR, 2010) FTEs The evolutions of a PMAF associate with an FTE PMAFs A pulse reconnection will leads the openclosed boundary (OCB) eroding to equatorward and then relaxing back to poleward.

19 Synoptic distribution of dayside aurora (Hu, Z. J. et al., 2009, 2010) DMSP

20 Synoptic distribution of dayside aurora binned by IMF [Hu Z.-J., H. Yang et al.., JGR, 2012] In the northern Hemisphere Positive IMF Bx results in the increase of dayside auroral intensity. Negative By is propitious to the postnoon 557.7/630.0-nm auroral emissions, and positive By just favor to the excitation of nm aurora on prenoon oval. Negative Bz results in the increase of nm auroral intensity on midday oval.

21 The hemispheric conjugate observation of postnoon bright spots /auroral spirals (Ze-Jun Hu, et al. JGR, 2013) Images of the northern aurora from Polar UVI (left, the red circles are the conjugate FOV of ASC at ZHS); (right) images of the southern postnoon aurora from ASC at ZHS.

22 Transient aurora and convection with SC over Zhongshan station in Antarctica [Liu et al., 2011] In response to arrival of the interplanetary shock, we observed: Aurora decrease at ZHS at postnoon Aurora increase at SP at prenoon Convection reversal over ZHS [Araki, 1994] The observation results fully consistent with the SC model of Araki [1994]. The aurora decrease is caused by formation of a downward FAC at the initial stage of the magnetospheric response to the IP shock. It is the first optical evidence for the model of Araki.

23 Future Plan: Aurora Observatory in Iceland Aurora Oval Zhongshan (Yellow River) Iceland Greatwall Substorm onset region

24 Aurora Observatory in Iceland Location Latitude Longitude Multiple-wavelength all-sky imagers (427.8/432.0/540.0/557.7/620.0/630.0nm) Campus Fluxgate Magnetometer

25 Develop UAP observation at Great Wall Station International Meridian At the west meridian of the International Meridian circle Conjugate with Millstone Hill Observatory Gap of the SuperDARN SuperDARN HF Radar Digisonde GPS TEC and Scintillator

26 Auroral Chain in Antarctica 0 W/E 30 W 30 E 90 W 120 W 60 W 50 MLAT 70 S 60 MLAT 150 W 80 S 70 MLAT 90 S E/W 80 MLAT MLAT 150 E 1 60 E 120 E 全天空成像仪视野 All sky FOV 90 E 1. 1: 中山站 Zhongshan 2. 2: 内陆中继站 Taishan 3. 3: 昆仑站 Kunlun 4. 4: 极点站 South Pole(USA) 5. McMurdo (USA) 5: 麦克默多站 6. Candidate site 6: 南极第四站 for new station ( 候选 )

27 Coordinate with KuaFu

28 Coordinate with MIT 初始时刻各卫星轨道根数 升交点 近地点 初始时刻 卫星 半长轴 a 偏心率 e 倾角 i 赤经 ΩΩ 辐角 ωω 真近点角 θθ MA km MB km ITA 7128km ITB 7128km

29 Thanks for your attention!