TEACHING ACTIVITIES 2011 Lecturer in Space Plasma Physics, Technical University of Denmark

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1 B1 Section b: Curriculum vitae Torsten Neubert PERSONAL INFORMATION Family name, First name: Neubert, Torsten Researcher unique identifier: ORCID: Nationality: Danish Date of birth: August 16, 1950 URL for web site: EDUCATION 1982 PhD in Space Physics, University of Copenhagen, Danish Space Research Institute, Denmark 1976 Master in Electrical Engineering, Dept. of Electro-Physics, Technical University of Denmark CURRENT POSITION 2014 Leader of the Atmospheric Research Group, Department of Astrophysics and Atmospheric Physics, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark PREVIOUS POSITIONS Head of Dep. of Solar System Phys., National Space Institute, Technical Univ. of Denmark Senior Scientist, Department of Solar System Physics, National Space Institute, Denmark Head of Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division, Danish Meteorological Institute Scientist, Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division, Danish Meteorological Institute Guest Professor, Geophysics Department, Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark Consultant Plasma Physics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Princeton University Research Scientist, Dep. of Atmosp. Oceanic and Space Science, Univ. of Michigan, USA Postdoc and Research Scientists, Space Physics Research Lab., Stanford University, USA Postdoc Danish Space Research Institute SUPERVISION OF GRADUATE STUDENTS AND POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS 2001 Postdocs: 2; PhDs: 2 (4 more will arrive before 1. January 2018 as part of the SAINT project); Masters: 4; National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark Masters 1; Danish Meteorological Institute degree from Technical University of Denmark PhDs: 3 (University of Michigan, Co-supervisor) TEACHING ACTIVITIES 2011 Lecturer in Space Plasma Physics, Technical University of Denmark ORGANISATION OF SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS 2009 Co-Convener of session on thunderstorm effects in the near-earth space environment at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in San Francisco, USA Chair of the final conference of Thunderstorm Effects on the Atmosphere- Ionosphere System (TEA-IS) Network Project (~90 participants); June in Copenhagen, Denmark Co-Organizer of summer school of Thunderstorm Effects on the Atmosphere- Ionosphere System (TEA-IS) Network Project (~100 participants); June in Collioure, France Chair of the midterm conference of Thunderstorm Effects on the Atmosphere- Ionosphere System (TEA-IS) Network Project (~50 participants); held in April in Vienna, Austria Co-Organizer of summer school of Thunderstorm Effects on the Atmosphere- Ionosphere System (TEA-IS) Networking Project (~100 participants); June in Torremolinos, Spain Co-Convener "Future TLE studies based on JEM-GLIMS and ground-based observations" to the JpGU meeting, Makuhari, Chiba Pref., Japan, May In Programme Committee of Chapman Conference on the effects of thunderstorms and lightning in the upper atmosphere, Penn State University, USA, May 2008 Co-Organizer of Workshop on the coupling of thunderstorms and lightning discharges to nearearth space, in June in Corte, Corsica, France Chair of Scientific Meeting of the Topical Team of the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor () for the International Space Station, held in June in European Space Technology Center (ESTEC), Holland, June. 1

2 2004 Co-Organizer of summer school on Sprites Elves and Intense Lightning, (~100 participants) held in July in Corte, Corsica, France. INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 2014 Leader of the Atmospheric Research Group at DTU Space Head of Department of Solar System Physics, National Space Institute Head of Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division, Danish Meteorological Institute COMMISSIONS OF TRUST 2010 PI of the mission (Chair of the Facility Science Team) Delegate to 's Programme Board for Human Spaceflight, Microgravity and Exploration 2002 Danish representative to the International Living with a Star programme Member of s advisory structure in the Solar System Working Group 2002 EU Expert proposal evaluator EX2002B Member of s Space Weather Working Team Member of the Board of the National Space Research Institute, Denmark MEMBERSHIPS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES 1982 Member of American Geophysical Union and the European Geosciences Union MAJOR COLLABORATIONS 2006 (Principal Investigator) Launch to ISS The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor is a ~340 kg payload for an external pallet on the International Space Station measuring TGFs and TLEs and lightning. It is the first space mission with instruments designed specifically to observe TGFs and the first mission to observe TGFs and TLEs simultaneously. An international science team of ~80 groups supports the mission with ground observations, laboratory experiments and simulations. is realized through who supports networking of scientists in countries via the Topical Team. The science team is collaboration closely with the team of the CNES satellite TARANIS, and will interface with HEAT-UP SAINT (Coordinator) Science and Technology of Thunderstorms is a H2020 Mari Curie Innovative Training Network of 15 PhD students and 19 partners. The collaboration is focused on -related research. It is a cross-disciplinary network of academia and industry based on space and ground observations, modelling and simulations of discharges, and laboratory experiments. It will be an important element of HEAT-UP, in particular related to simulations and modelling of streamers/leaders : TEA-IS (Coordinator) Thunderstorm Effects on the Atmosphere-Ionosphere System was a European Science Foundation, Research Networking Project of 12 partner countries. The focus was to conduct research into lightning, TLEs and TGFs and to coordinate and develop European expertize in these areas in preparation for and TARANIS missions CAL (Coordinator) Coupling of Atmospheric Layers was a FP5 Research Training Network of 8 PhD s and Postdocs and partners and 8 young scientists. This collaboration studied lightning, TLEs and TGFs. It was the first time Europe took on these topics. The collaboration was essential for our success in securing the and TARANIS missions Ørsted Satellite (Project Scientist, Principal Investigator) Ørsted is Denmark s first satellite (magnetometry) which led to s three-satellite mission SWARM. 2

3 Appendix: All ongoing and submitted grants and funding of the PI (Funding ID) Mandatory information (does not count towards page limits) On-going Grants Project Title Funding source Amount (Euros) Period Role of the PI Relation to current ERC proposal C/D Phase HME (at DTU Space) 1/11/2006-1/4/2018 Principal Investigator instruments will provide measurements from the International Space Station to the project. Science Data Center PRODEX /11/ /12/2017 Leader The Data Center will provide calibrated science data to the project Science and Innovation of thunderstorms (SAINT) HP /3/ /2/2021 Coordinator The SAINT network will support the project science Topical Team HME Chair The funding will support science meetings and travels for science collaborators Applications Project Title Funding source Amount (Euros) Period Role of the PI Relation to current ERC proposal Science Data Center PRODEX 1,060,823 1/1/ /3/2020 Leader The Data Center will provide calibrated science data to the project 3

4 B1 Section C: Ten year track record Torsten Neubert Summary of publications: 126 refereed publications and 26 conference papers. Since 2008: 29 refereed publications and 11 conference papers. Google: H-index: 33. Web of Science: H-index: 27; average citations 15.71; citations without self-citation: TEN REPRESENTATIVE PUBLICATIONS AS SENIOR AUTHOR Chanrion, O., T. Neubert, A. Mogensen, Y. Yair, M. Stendel, N. Larsen and R. Singh, Profuse activity of blue electrical discharges at the tops of thunderstorms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, doi: /2016GL071311, Google Citations: 3; Web of Science: 3. The discovery of a multitude of blue electrical discharges on the top of a thunderstorm cloud turret; imaged by a color camera from the Space Station. The high level of activity and the appearance of discharges are new; first observations of a pulsating blue jet. The paper is included although I am not a first author because it is the result of a THOR experiment with Andreas Mogensen that I proposed. I consider Chanrion and Neubert shared first authors. Köhn, C. O. Chanrion and T. Neubert, Electron acceleration during streamer collisions in air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, doi: /2016GL072216, 2017.Google Citations: 3; Web of Science: 1. How are electrons accelerated to relativistic energies in lightning discharges? The paper explores a mechanism proposed in relation to bremsstrahlung radiation in long laboratory sparks. We found that streamer collisions are not a likely process by its own, because of the very short time and small volume that is involved. Chanrion, O., Z Bonaventura, A Bourdon and T Neubert, Influence of the angular scattering of electrons on the runaway threshold in air, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 58, , doi: / /58/4/044001, Google Citations: 3; Web of Science: 3. What is really the threshold electric field for runaway electrons? Simulating single particles with a Monte Carlo approach, the paper explores the angular diffusion of runaway-energy electrons in an electric field close to the threshold field. We find that electrons tend to diffuse out of the runaway regime leading to a threshold field times the field predicted by others and 5-25 times the field predicted for forward scattering. Chanrion, O., Z Bonaventura, D Çinar, A Bourdon and T Neubert, Runaway electrons from a beam-bulk model of streamer: application to TGFs, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, , doi: / /9/5/05500, Google Citations: 3; Web of Science: 8. A new simulation code that couples a fluid description for low-energy electrons and Monte Carlo for high-energy electrons. We find that streamers emitted from an electrode may generate a generous amount of runaway electrons that propagate ahead of the ionization wave, however, they diffuse out of the runaway regime unless a larger-scale field is present. Neubert, T. and O. Chanrion, On the electric breakdown field of the mesosphere and the influence of electron detachment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, , doi: /grl.50433, Google Citations 13; Web of Science 7. Detachment of electrons from negative ions has been absent in past simulations of the community. We find that in the mesosphere, detachment is important for electric fields below the conventional threshold field and for longer-lasting (>ms) exposure times, as for repeated electromagnetic pulses from lightning at the bottom ionosphere, gigantic jets, and in the streamer filament bodies of sprites. Neubert, T., O. Chanrion, E. Arnone, F. Zanotti, S. Cummer, J. Li, M. Füllekrug, S. Soula, and O. Van der Velde, The properties of a Giant Jet reflected in a simultaneous Sprite, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A12329, doi: /2011JA016928, Google Citations 22; Web of Science 18. Observations of a gigantic jet and an almost simultaneous sprite, which has unusual appearance. The sprite structure, we assume, reflects the conductivity changes of the mesosphere imposed by the Gigantic Jet. Our model is not self-consistent (there are none) but allows a discussion of important observed characteristics. Chanrion, O., and T. Neubert, Production of runaway electrons by negative streamer discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00E32, doi: /2009JA014774, Google Citations 67; Web of Science 43. The first 2½D particle code for streamer discharges with adaptive particles (to our knowledge) is presented. Adaptive means that the number of real electrons represented by super electrons change during the simulation. The fewer and higher energy electrons are then represented by better statistic (smaller weight). Chanrion, O., and T. Neubert, A PIC-MCC code for the simulation of streamer propagation in air, J. Comp. Phys., 227/15, , DOI /j.jcp , Google Citations 93; Web of Science 64. The first 2½D particle code for streamer discharges. We show, for the first time with a self-consistent model (we believe), that electrons can be accelerated in streamers into the runaway regime. 4

5 Neubert, T., et al., Recent results from studies of electric discharges in the mesosphere, Surv. in Geophys, 29, No. 2, , March, DOI /s , Google Citations 98; Web of Science 73. The first FP5 Marie Curie Research Training Network, CAL, led to quite a large suite of scientific results on upper atmospheric discharges, covering a broad range of science disciplines. This rather lengthy paper summarizes the results. Neubert, T., On sprites and their exotic kin, Science, 300, 2. May, 747, Google Citations 91; Web of Science 52. The reference is included because it shows that our work has a broad interest for the highest profile scientific literature. It is a Perspective discussing the new discoveries of electrical discharges and Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes and their possible implications for the atmosphere. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH CARRIER During my 10 years at Stanford University and University of Michigan, I primarily worked on kev-energy electron beams injected into the atmosphere from rockets and the Space Shuttle, culminating in a rather comprehensive characterization of the spacecraft-beam system and the plasma environment perturbed by the beams (Neubert, T., and P. M. Banks, Planet. Space Sci., 40, 153, 1992). With Oscar Buneman I developed a 3D PIC code for studies of the kinetics of plasmas (Neubert, T., R. H. Miller, O. Buneman, and K.-I. Nishikawa, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12057, 1992). Returning to Denmark for the Ørsted satellite project, I ventured into the new discoveries of TLE s and TGF s (from artificial beams to natural beams). It was not known if the weaker European storms would generate sprites, however in 2000 we captured the first sprites over Europe and found they were quite common (Neubert, T., T. H. Allin, H. Stenbaek-Nielsen, and E. Blanc, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3585, 2001). I proposed the space mission, of which I am the PI, to be launched early The long development of has been spent forging collaborations across Europe and across the many disciplines required (e.g. meteorology, high-energy physics, plasma physics), with the networks CAL, TEA-IS and now SAINT, of which I was/am the coordinator. INVITED PRESENTATION TO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS 2009 Invited talk The Mission for Studies of Severe Thunderstorms, Chapman Conference on the effects of thunderstorms and lightning in the upper atmosphere, Penn State University, May Invited talk Important scientific and international collaborations with an extended ISUAL mission, ISUAL Conf. on the Perspectives of TLE and Atmospheric Luminance Researches, Taiwan, August Invited talk Electric Discharges in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, Latin American Conference in Space Geophysics (COLAGE) IX, Costa Rica, April Invited talk The Properties of a Gigantic Jet Reflected in a Simultaneous Sprite: Observations Interpreted by a Model, Indo-US Workshop on Advancing VLF Science Through the Global AWESOME Network, Goa, India during 28 November - 01 December Invited talk: The Experiment on the International Space Station, Science Workshop "ASTRO- EARTH: astrophysics and high-energy terrestrial phenomena", May 8 and 9, ASI Headquarters, via Del Politecnico, Rome, Italy Invited talk First results from the THOR experiment imaging thunderstorm activity from the ISS, European Geosciences Union, annual meeting, Vienna, Session NH1.2/AS1.6/SSS Atmospheric Electricity, Thunderstorms, Lightning and their effects, April MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EARLY STAGE OF RESEARCHERS Evan Dodd, PhD from University of Michigan, now scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Plasma Physics Group (simulations of ultra-fast optical lasers pulses and inertial confinement plasmas) Riccardo Biondi, PhD from DTU Space, now AXA Research Fund Fellow, Italian National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate. EXAMPLES OF LEADERSHIP IN INNOVATION As Principal Investigator of the mission to the International Space Station and leader of the development of the optical instrumentation assembly I spearheaded the development of an advanced computer design based on an FPGA (Virtex5) not yet qualified for use by. The development was in close collaboration with the Danish aerospace company Terma, who will use the expertise gained in future front-end electronics to their star cameras (stellar compasses). 5