Space Astronomy Facilities
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1 ASI and bi/multilateral Space Astronomy Facilities Paolo Giommi Italian Space Agency, ASI 10 February 2010 COPUOS - Vienna 1
2 AGILE: an Italian Small Mission
3 AGILE: an Italian small scientific mission Devoted to high-energy astrophysics Optimized for a low-cost/high efficiency of scientific performance Launched on April 23, 2007 from India Active in synergy with other satellites and observatories around the world Very important scientific results An observatory also for Terrestrial phenomena
4 The AGILE Payload: the most compact instrument for highenergy astrophysics It combines for the first time - a gamma-ray imager (30 MeV- 30 GeV) with a - hard X-ray imager (18-60 kev) with large FOVs (1-2.5 sr) and optimal angular resolution
5 AGILE: 2 and 1/2 years in orbit ~ orbits, February 9, Very good scientific performance Cycle-1: Dec Nov Cycle-2: Dec Nov Cycle-3: Dec Nov Approved funding : end of 2010, mission extension to 2012 requested The data becomes public after 1 year
6 AGILE s scientific strengths Combination of co-aligned gamma-ray (50 MeV 5 GeV) and hard X-ray (20-60 kev) imagers Optimal sensitivity near 100 MeV Millisecond data acquisition Cosmic and Terrestrial phenomena studied by the same Mission
7 The AGILE gamma-ray sky (E > 100 MeV) 2 year exposure: July 2007 June 2009
8 AGILE-2: 2-month intensity map (E > 100 MeV) (Nov.- Dec. 2009) preliminary
9 Main scientific discoveries The brightest gamma-ray blazars: (3C 454.3, PKS , TX , Mrk 421, ) Several (~10) new Pulsars and PWNs Discovery of gamma-ray transients in the Galaxy Discovery of gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-3 Microquasar studies, Gal. compact objects SNRs and origin of cosmic rays, evidence for proton acceleration Gamma-Ray Bursts, delayed emission, short GRBs Detection of the very large energy events in the atmosphere from Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes
10 AGILE and Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes (TGFs) Normal lightnings involve a potential difference ΔV ~ 500 kilovolts Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes (TGF) involve ΔV > 100 Mega Volts
11 AGILE: what makes MCAL unique for TGFs: Only instrument in equatorial orbit TGF on the equator low-background Only instrument with sub-msec trigger capability Instrument with the best capability at E > MeV
12 Example of a TGF detected by AGILE
13 AGILE - Conclusions AGILE is a very successful Mission of the Italian Space Agency It is operating in synergy with other international space missions, in particular the NASA gamma-ray mission Fermi Many scientific discoveries in the Galaxy and in deep space Also working as an observatory for Terrestrial highenergy phenomena! Very cost effective
14 Swift Launched on November 20, 2004 Swift is a NASA-MIDEX mission with participation of Italy and UK. Mission extension approved until Further extension to 2014 proposed Italian contribution: Malindi Ground Station (ASI) X-ray mirror and calibration (INAF - Brera Astronomical Observatory) INAF science team XRT data reduction software and archive (ASI Science Data Center)
15 Multiwavelength Observatory
16 The most distant object known : GRB discovered by Swift on 23 April 2009 Optical/UV telescope X-ray telescope QuickTime e un decompressore sono necessari per visualizzare quest'immagine.
17 The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) UV image from Swift UVO Telescope (30 cm)
18 Fermi: Launched 11 June 2008 Italian participation LAT instrument Archive & Scientific Software (ASDC) Science teams from INFN and INAF
19 Payload (LAT) at Spectrum-Astro for integration in September 2006
20 The Fermi sky after 1 year of data acquisition QuickTime e un decompressore sono necessari per visualizzare quest'immagine.
21 Fermi detected pulsars
22 The first Fermi catalog of gamma-ray sources (1 year data)
23 The Malindi Broglio Space Center. An ASI facility for BeppoSAX, HETE-2, Swift, AGILE, NuSTAR and other future scientific missions
24
25 Conclusions ASI built and operates AGILE (in cooperation with Italian institutions) Participates to highly successful bi/multilateral projects (Swift and Fermi, next is NuSTAR with launch foreseen for February 2012) Provides multi-mission infrastructures (Malindi and ASDC) Very cost-effective approach.
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