Darkside-50, DarkSide-20k and the Global Collaboration to reach the Neutrino Floor with liquid argon

Transcription

1 Darkside-5, DarkSide-2k and the Global Collaboration to reach the Neutrino Floor with liquid argon Cristiano Galbiati Gran Sasso Science Institute and Princeton University The quest for dark matter with liquid argon APC Université Paris Diderot September 4, 28

2 [cm 2 ] Dark Matter-Nucleon σ SI LHC Neutrino floor on xenon WARP 27 DarkSide-5 25 DarkSide-5 28 DEAP LUX 27 XENONT 28 PANDAX-II 27 DEAP-36 proj. XENONnT proj. LZ proj. DarkSide-2k tyr proj. DarkSide-2k 2tyr proj. Future 3-tonne GADMC Detector k t yr proj. Future 3-tonne GADMC detector 3k t yr proj. t yr t yr 2 t yr 3 t yr [TeV/c 2 ] M χ

3 38 [cm 2 ] 9% CL upper limit on σ SI DarkSide-LM DarkSide-5 28 NEWS-G 28 LUX 27 XENONT 27 PICO-6 27 PICASSO 27 CDMSLite 27 CRESST-III 27 PandaX-II 26 XENON 26 DAMIC 26 CDEX 26 CRESST-II 25 SuperCDMS 24 CDMSlite 24 COGENT 23 CDMS 23 CRESST 22 DAMA/LIBRA 28 Neutrino Floor [GeV/c 2 ] M χ

4 37 [cm 2 ] Dark Matter-Nucleon σ SI CRESST-III 27 DarkSide-5 28 DarkSide-LM proj. ATLAS Dilepton 28 ATLAS E miss T + X 28 Neutrino floor on xenon 2 2 [TeV/c 2 ] M χ DarkSide-5 28 Vector mediator, Dirac DM g =., g =., g = q l DM ATLAS limits at 95% CL direct detection limits at 9% CL ATLAS Dijet 28 XENONT 28 LUX 27 PANDAX-II 27 DEAP-36 proj. DarkSide-2k t yr proj. XENONnT proj. LZ proj. DarkSide-2k 2t yr proj. Future 3-tonne GADMC Detector ktyr proj. Future 3-tonne GADMC detector 3ktyr proj.

5 PandaX-xT Intermediate stage: PandaX-4T (4-ton target) with SI sensitivity ~ -47 cm 2 On-site assembly and commissioning:

6 The LUX-ZEPLIN detector Instrumentation Conduits The Cathode High-Voltage Feedthrough Existing Water Tank, and SURF Infrastructure Gadolinium-Loaded Liquid Scintillator Veto LXe Heat Exchanger The Outer Detector PMTs (2) Dual phase xenon TPC, 7 tonnes fully active D-D neutron tube

7 LZ backgrounds summary 5.6 tonnes, days Radon dominates ER backgrounds Gamma backgrounds (PMTs, cryostat) are negligible. pp solar neutrinos, elastic scattering on atomic electrons Coherent neutrino scattering on xenon nuclei

8 The phases of the XENON Program XENON XENON XENONT XENONnT kg- 5cm drift 6 kg- 3 cm drift 32 kg- cm 8 kg-5 cm drift drift ~ -43 cm 2 ~ -45 cm 2 ~ -47 cm 2 ~ -48 cm 2 8

9 XENONT and XENONnT science reach XENONT:.6 x -47 cm 2 with an exposure of 2 tonnes x year XENONnT: to start in mid 29, aiming for 2 tonnes x year exposure XENONT XENONnT LZ Fiducial Volume [tons] Livetime Fraction 8% 8% 8% WIMP Energy Range [kev nr ] NR Acceptance 4% 4% 5% ER Rejection 99.75% 99.75% 99.5% Bkg rate [evt/year] ] 2 [cm σ WIMP-nucleon Bagnaschi 26 XENONT (. t y) WIMP mass [GeV/c XENON (26) LUX (27) PandaX-II (27) XENONT (2 t y) XENONnT (2 t y) Billard 23, Neutrino Discovery Limit 2 ] 9

10 XENONT Presentation at LNGS on May 28 28

11 arxiv:

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13 +R Entries Integral 3.576e f S [PE]

14 +Veto.9 Entries Integral 2.258e f S [PE]

15 .9 +r< cm && 5% loss S2/S cut (7d) Entries 623 Integral.69e f S [PE]

16 Number of WIMP-like events needed % Background Model Errors % Background Model Errors % Background Model Errors Expected number of background events

17 Zero Background condition (<. background events) necessary to conduct discovery program

18 The Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration ArDM MiniCLEAN}A Single Global Program for Direct Dark Matter Searches DarkSide Currently taking data: ArDM, DarkSide-5, DEAP-36 DEAP Next step: DarkSide-2k at LNGS (22-) Last Step: 3 tonnes detector, location t.b.d (227-) ] 2 WIMP-nucleon σ SI [cm Neutrino floor on xenon DEAP-36 (proj.) LZ (proj.) WARP (27) DarkSide-5 (25) DEAP-36 (27) LUX (27) XENONT (proj.) PANDAX-II (27) XENONT (27) XENONnT (proj.) DarkSide-2k ( t yr proj.) DarkSide-2k (2 t yr proj.) Future 3-tonne GADMC Detector ( t yr proj.) Future 3-tonne GADMC detector (3 t yr proj.) 2 WIMP mass [TeV/c ] DarkSide-2k approved by INFN and LNGS in April 27 and by NSF in Oct 27 Officially supported by LNGS, LSC, and SNOLab 3 tonnes (2 tonnes fiducial) of low-radioactivity underground argon 4 m 2 of SiPM coverage

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21 Letter of Intent September 8, 27 Rev B Scientists at LNGS, LSC, and SNOLAB are joining in an international effort to mount a phased argon dark matter program with the goal of being sensitive to the neutrino floor. This effort will include a broad collaboration of scientists and will represent the global community for dark matter searches with argon. This letter is an update of a previous communication dating June 27, which detailed the first conception of the program; this letter was expanded to capture the intent of all institutions and scientists participating in the program. In this document, the undersigned representatives of groups working on argon dark matter searches, including Brazilian, Canadian, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Italian, Mexican, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swiss, US, and UK groups among others, memorialize their intent to form a Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration to carry out a program for direct dark matter searches, consisting of two main elements. The first element of the program is the DarkSide-2k experiment at LNGS, whose science goal is to perform a dark matter search with an exposure of tonne yr of low-radioactivity underground argon (the low intrinsic background, free from any background

22 Deep underground laboratory support for global collaboration towards discovery of dark matter utilising liquid argon detectors. To whom it may concern; As hosts of the existing operational liquid argon direct dark matter detectors, and as proponents and supporters of the Underground-GRI initiative, the LNGS, SNOLAB and LSC deep underground research facilities are pleased to recognize the collaborative developments within the global liquid argon dark matter community. The DarkSide project at LNGS, the DEAP project at SNOLAB and the ArDM project at LSC are all developing new technologies and capabilities to search for WIMP dark matter, and are beginning to coalesce into one collaboration to develop future, larger generations of liquid argon direct dark matter detectors. We encourage and support the development of this global community, with a focus on the development of DarkSide-2k at LNGS in the first instance, and a larger detector at a location to be determined from scientific requirements, in the future. Using available assay and research infrastructure,

23 DarkSide-2k 2-tonnes fiducial dark matter detector start of operations at LNGS within 22 tonne year background-free search for dark matter DS-2k 3k Future 3-tonne Detector 3-tonnes depleted argon detector start of operations within 226, tonne year background-free search for dark matter precision measurement of solar neutrinos

24 Urania to Aria to LNGS

25 325 m

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27 Liquid Argon TPC 53 kg 39 Ar-Depleted Underground Argon Target

28 4 m Diameter 3 Tonnes Liquid Scintillator Neutron Veto

29 m Height m Diameter, Tonnes Water Cherenkov Muon Veto

30 Liquid Argon TPC 53 kg 39 Ar-Depleted Underground Argon Target 4 m Diameter 3 Tonnes Liquid Scintillator Neutron Veto m Height m Diameter, Tonnes Water Cherenkov Muon Veto

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32 DarkSide-5 P. Agnes et al. (The DarkSide Collaboration), DarkSide day Dark Matter Search with Low- Radioactivity Argon, arxiv: P. Agnes et al. (The DarkSide Collaboration), Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Matter-Electron Scattering from the DarkSide-5 Experiment, arxiv: P. Agnes et al. (The DarkSide Collaboration), Lowmass Dark Matter Search with the DarkSide-5 Experiment, arxiv:

33 Quality +Trgtime +Ssat 3 Entries.97394e+7.9 Integral 9.899e f S [PE]

34 +Npulses Entries Integral 4.3e f S [PE]

35 +4µs fid.9 Entries Integral.838e f S [PE]

36 +Spmf.9.8 Entries Integral.7e f S [PE]

37 +min S2uncorr.9.8 Entries Integral.695e f S [PE]

38 +xy-recon.9.8 Entries Integral.688e f S [PE]

39 +S2 F9.9.8 Entries Integral.688e f S [PE]

40 +min S2/S.9.8 Entries Integral.683e f S [PE]

41 +max S2/S.9.8 Entries Integral 5.34e f S [PE]

42 +S2 i9/i.9.8 Entries Integral 5.338e f S [PE]

43 +S TBA.9.8 Entries Integral 5.39e f S [PE]

44 +TPB Tail.9.8 Entries Integral 5.297e f S [PE]

45 +NLL.9.8 Entries 5445 Integral 5.266e f S [PE]

46 +R Entries Integral 3.576e f S [PE]

47 +Veto.9 Entries Integral 2.258e f S [PE]

48 .9 +r< cm && 5% loss S2/S cut (7d) Entries 623 Integral.69e f S [PE]

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50 37 [cm 2 ] Dark Matter-Nucleon σ SI CRESST-III 27 DarkSide-5 28 DarkSide-LM proj. ATLAS Dilepton 28 ATLAS E miss T + X 28 Neutrino floor on xenon 2 2 [TeV/c 2 ] M χ DarkSide-5 28 Vector mediator, Dirac DM g =., g =., g = q l DM ATLAS limits at 95% CL direct detection limits at 9% CL ATLAS Dijet 28 XENONT 28 LUX 27 PANDAX-II 27 DEAP-36 proj. DarkSide-2k t yr proj. XENONnT proj. LZ proj. DarkSide-2k 2t yr proj. Future 3-tonne GADMC Detector ktyr proj. Future 3-tonne GADMC detector 3ktyr proj.

51 The DarkSide Strategy Background-free through the neutrino limit Neutrino limit reached with detector of few hundred tonnes located very deep underground Complementary science: solar neutrinos

52 yr] 4 tonne Events / [ kev 3 2 MC Data All 7 Be-ν CNO-ν pep-ν 8 B-ν 32 P Radon Other Cosmogenics Energy [MeV]

53 Uncertainty [%] CNO (HZ) pep (HZ) 7 Be (HZ) CNO (LZ) pep (LZ) 7 Be (LZ) Radon Activity [ µbq / tonne]

54 Ionization-Only (S2-Only) Signals. The PMTs have zero dark rate at 88 K so a signal is always real 2. The gain in the gas region (~7 PE/e -, reduced to 23 PE/e - when accounting for the 3% QE of the PMTs) means that we are sensitive to a single extracted electron 3. The radioactivity rate in the detector is remarkably low, so 4. We don t need PSD 5. The electron yield for nuclear recoils rises at low energy

55 e - evee % Detector Threshold 4 e - arxiv: Acceptance Fiducialization Trigger efficiency evee Analysis Threshold. S2 Identification (f <.5) S2 [PE]

56 DS-5 DATA Center PMT Getter Off day] 2 Getter On Fit arxiv: kg - Events /[.5 N e S2=3PE Ext. e 2 Ext. e - - 's N e -

57 3 arxiv: kg day] - Events / [.5 N e 2 2 First days Last 5 days Single S2(5d) S + S2(5d) kg day] Events /[N e L/K BR Ratio =. ±. 5 N e N e -

58 9 arxiv: Events / N e AmBe Data G4DS Fit Single S2 S + S N e -

59 9 24 Am 3 C Data G4DS Fit 8 Single S2 arxiv: Events / N e S + S2 24 Am 3 C γ N e -

60 2 E Ar [kev ] nr E Xe 3 [kev nr ] 8 7 arxiv: /kev nr ] - [e Q y Xe Data LUX 26 ZEPLIN-III 2 XENON 2 Ar Data Manzur et al. 2 ARIS 2 XENON 29 SCENE Aprile et al. 26 AmBe - AmC - ARIS - SCENE Xe Model Joshi et al. 24 Bezrukov et al. 2 Joshi et al. 24 Cross Calibrated 3 2 ε

61 5 232 Th 4 K Cryo 6 Co 238 U low 238 U up arxiv: Events / [2 kev] U 39 Ar 85 Kr DATA Energy [kev] 3

62 N e - E [kevnr ] arxiv: kg day] - Events / [N e 2-4 DM spectra σ χ = 2 M χ =2.5 GeV/c 2 M χ =5. GeV/c 2 M χ =. GeV/c cm 2 Data G4DS MC All Cryostat γ-rays PMTs γ-rays 39 Ar + 85 Kr E [kevee] 3 2 day] kg Events / [kevee 2 day] kg Events / [kevnr

63 arxiv: [cm 2 ] Dark Matter-Nucleon σ SI Binomial Fluctuations No Quenching Fluctuations.6 kevnr Threshold DarkSide-5 Binomial DarkSide-5 No Quenching Fluctuation NEWS-G 28 LUX 27 XENONT 27 PICO-6 27 PICASSO 27 CRESST-III 27 CDMSLite 27 PandaX-II 26 XENON 26 DAMIC 26 CDEX 26 CRESST-II 25 SuperCDMS 24 CDMSlite 24 COGENT 23 CDMS 23 CRESST 22 DAMA/LIBRA 28 Neutrino Floor [GeV/c 2 ] M χ

64 E [kevee] arxiv: arxiv: kg day] - Events / [N e 2-36 DM spectra σ χ = 2 M χ = MeV/c 2 M χ = MeV/c 2 M χ = MeV/c cm 2 Data G4DS MC All Cryostat γ-rays PMTs γ-rays 39 Ar + 85 Kr N e -

65 36 [cm 2 ] arxiv: Dark Matter-Electron σ e F DM = DarkSide-5 XENON XENON M χ [MeV]

66 S yield relative to field kev Parallel to ε d Perpendicular to ε d Drift electric field [V/cm]

67 Production and Purification UAr transported via boat for final purification at Aria Production: Urania Commercial-scale plant to extract UAr Located in Southwestern Colorado UAr extracted from CO 2 well gas at the tonne scale Focus of this talk Purification: Aria (see M. Simeone s talk for details) 35 m tall cryogenic distillation column to purify UAr and isotopically separate argon and other elements Located in refurbished carbon mine shaft in Sardinia, Italy Will chemically purify the UAr for DS-2k to detector grade Renshaw, PNNL LRUA Workshop 28 4

68 Enter the Age of Urania Renshaw, PNNL LRUA Workshop 28

69 325 m

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72 Tile 3D View Top View FEBs Side View Side View

73 Entries 2 Gain: σ b : 2.9 SNR: Amplitude [Arb.Units]

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79 The End