National Report Greece

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1 National Report Greece Ioannis A. Daglis Institute for Space Applications & Remote Sensing National Observatory of Athens

2 Indicative ILWS-relevant activities at: University of Crete Academy of Athens National University of Athens National Observatory of Athens

The University of Crete (C. Haldoupis and collaborators) participates with a VLF station in the AWESOME Collaboration - a global VLF network sponsored by NASA, IHY, and UN http://nova.

3 The University of Crete (C. Haldoupis and collaborators) participates with a VLF station in the AWESOME Collaboration - a global VLF network sponsored by NASA, IHY, and UN The AWESOME network offers new possibilities for VLF-lightning research in co-ordination with EuroSprite (ground), TARANIS and ASIM (space) programs

4 The Research Center for Astronomy and Applied Mathematics at the Academy of Athens (M. Georgoulis and collaborators) has been developing prediction methods for the occurrence of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as a result of the morphological complexity of their source active regions. Relying on remote-sensing measurements of the solar photospheric magnetic field they calculate a complexity parameter, termed the effective connected magnetic field strength, that utilizes an existing statistical study to provide the X- and M-class flare probability within a specified timeframe.

5 The Research Center for Astronomy and Applied Mathematics at the Academy of Athens (S.M. Krimigis and collaborators) is involved in studies of solar-planetary coupling research through the Cassini/MIMI data analysis and modeling of Kronian magnetosphere dynamics.

6 University of Athens Cosmic Ray Group of the National University of Athens H. Mavromichalaki and collaborators 1. Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing (ANMODAP) Center: Since 2005 a World-wide Network of Space Environmental Data has been implemented at the facilities of the Athens Neutron Monitor (NM) Station. It includes realtime data from 23 NM stations distributed all over the world (including data from polar US NMs) and satellite data from GOES and ACE 2. Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB): The Athens Neutron Monitor Station is part of a European Collaboration which created a real-time neutron monitor database ( and implemented a number of very important space weather services based on neutron monitor data. 3. Services: Real-time GLE Alert: Monitoring major Solar Particle Events (SEPs), which are registered at NMs as Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs), and issuing GLE Alert Signals. This service is available both from ANMODAP Center ( cosray.phys.uoa.gr) and NMDB ( Real-time GLE Modeling: Novel model regarding the characteristics of GLEs (Neutron Monitor-Basic Anisotropic GLE Model / NM-BANGLE). The kernel of NM- BANGLE has been used as an online service at NMDB, operating in quasi real time mode.

University of Athens Athens Neutron Monitor Station H. Mavromichalaki, M. Andriopoulou, M. Gerontidou, G.

Souvatzoglou Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Physics Department, Athens University - Pan/polis15771

gr) Athens NM station Cosmic ray measurements at Athens initiated in November 2000 with a standard 6NM-64

Athens station was the sixth one to present both graphical and digital data in real time with resolution of 1

satellite data in real time, regarding the necessities of space weather monitoring (Athens Neutron Monitor

2009) The Alert software is able to determine the onset of a forth coming Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) using

53 GV 37 0 53 N, 23 0 43 E Altitude 260 m M. Pres. 780 mbar First Real-Time GLE Alert in December 2006!

gr) The NM BANGLE Model Database of Proton Events (Gerontidou et al, Solar Physics, 2005; AIP 2006) An

7 University of Athens Athens Neutron Monitor Station H. Mavromichalaki, M. Andriopoulou, M. Gerontidou, G. Mariatos, M. Papailiou, A. Papaioannou, C. Plainaki, C. Sarlanis, G. Souvatzoglou Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Physics Department, Athens University - Pan/polis15771 Athens, GR ( emavromi@phys.uoa.gr) Athens NM station Cosmic ray measurements at Athens initiated in November 2000 with a standard 6NM-64 neutron monitor. Athens station was the sixth one to present both graphical and digital data in real time with resolution of 1 hour, 1 min and 1 sec. Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing (ANMODAP) Center (Mavromichalaki et al, Ann. Geophys. 2005) Within the last years an effort has been made in order to construct an effective database of both NM and satellite data in real time, regarding the necessities of space weather monitoring (Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing Center ANMODAP Center) The Alert System (Souvatzoglou et al, Adv. Space Res. 2009) The Alert software is able to determine the onset of a forth coming Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) using the 1-min NM database of the Athens station. Super 6NM-64 Rigidity 8.53 GV N, E Altitude 260 m M. Pres. 780 mbar First Real-Time GLE Alert in December 2006!! Radiation Effects (Mavromichalaki et al, IEEE TNS 2007) ( The NM BANGLE Model Database of Proton Events (Gerontidou et al, Solar Physics, 2005; AIP 2006) An extensive database of all Proton Events ever recorded was created at Athens NM station. It led to the determination of the special characteristics of solar proton events. (Plainaki et al, JGR 2007) The NM Basic Anisotropic Neutron Ground Level Enhancement (BANGLE) model which has been used to analyze various GLEs effects as GLE69 & GLE70 GLE69 An analysis on Space environment and its effects on components and systems has been utilized by the Athens Cosmic Ray Group for the July 2005 event. At this point a new radiation algorithm is under development

Forbush decreases analysis (Papaioannou et al., Adv. Space Res.

The analysis of the Athens group focused on irregular events as the ones of July 2005, August- September 2005 & January 2005.

2009 - Submitted) A wide European collaboration for the implementation of the first real time database of Neutron Monitors started in 2008.

Also, a mirror server of the NMDV database was set up and is in operation at the Athens NM station. (http://www.nmdb.

daily and hourly heart frequency for the years 2002 2006 has been studied.

It is a powerful tool for FD analysis. A Forbush Decrease Model (Mavromichalaki et al., Adv. Space Res.

minima of the 23rd solar cycle Analysis of Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) Solar Particle Event analysis with SREM data (Mavromichalaki et

Some applications are the prediction of harmful for the satellite systems and the telecommunications particle fluxesthe analysis of the

by SREM units at interplanetary space (INTEGRAL, Rosetta, PROBA-1) and at ground based detectors (neutron monitors) has been initiated.

8 Forbush decreases analysis (Papaioannou et al., Adv. Space Res., 2009; Annales Geophys, 2009) Forbush decreases have been analyzed for many years. The analysis of the Athens group focused on irregular events as the ones of July 2005, August- September 2005 & January Real-Time Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB) Mirror Server in Operation (Mavromichalaki et al, Adv. Space Res Submitted) A wide European collaboration for the implementation of the first real time database of Neutron Monitors started in Athens Neutron Monitor Station, due to its hardware & software development skills was the leader of the upgrading of all NM stations. Also, a mirror server of the NMDV database was set up and is in operation at the Athens NM station. ( Cosmic Ray / Heart Rate (Petropoulos et al, Academy of Athens 2006) The relationship between daily cosmic ray variations and the average daily and hourly heart frequency for the years has been studied. Forbush decrease database maintenance A vast collection of FDs from is being maintained at the Athens NM station. It is a powerful tool for FD analysis. A Forbush Decrease Model (Mavromichalaki et al., Adv. Space Res., 2009) A new model on Forbush decreases (FORD Model) is being developed and up to now has been used to analyze complex situations within the minima of the 23rd solar cycle Analysis of Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) Solar Particle Event analysis with SREM data (Mavromichalaki et al., Proc. 31 st ICRC 2009) Magnetospheric events analysis (Andriopoulou et al., Proc. 31 st ICRC 2009) (Mavromichalaki et al., Proc. 29 th ICRC 2005) GLEs are used in a vast range of scientific applications, thus their study has been occurring for a long period. Some applications are the prediction of harmful for the satellite systems and the telecommunications particle fluxesthe analysis of the interplanetary conditions and the prediction of strong geomagnetic storms A coherent scientific analysis of Solar Particle Events, recorded by SREM units at interplanetary space (INTEGRAL, Rosetta, PROBA-1) and at ground based detectors (neutron monitors) has been initiated. A treatment by all available data has been performed. First results include time lag and intensity identification with respect to the positions of the satellites. Geomagnetic storms place their signature in cosmic rays. Mid latitude NM stations, such as Athens NM are capable of producing significant information. Organization of Conferences, Training Courses & Workshops

9 The Hellenic Geomagnetic Array ENIGMA of the Institute for Space Applications & Remote Sensing (National Observatory of Athens)

10 ENIGMA Over the last couple of years the National Observatory of Athens (NOA) has installed and has begun operating ENIGMA (HellENIc GeoMagnetic Array), an array of 4 groundbased magnetometer stations in southeast Europe (central and southern Greece). The realization of this array has become possible through collaborations with the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ. The existing stations are latitudinally equispaced between 30 and 33 corrected geomagnetic latitude. Their spatial configuration is suitable for detecting fieldline resonance signatures, thus allowing the study of the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere.

11 GEOMAG-02M GSM-90 O v e r h a u s e r CHIMAG

inversion software. Coherent analysis of solar energetic particle events.

12 Institute for Space Applications & Remote Sensing SREM (Space Radiation Environment Monitor of the European Space Agency): Development of powerful inversion software. Coherent analysis of solar energetic particle events. Non-linear magnetic storm prediction tools Space Internet: a new approach to space data transmission

Unusually extreme cosmic ray events in July 2005

ESA Space Weather Week 2, November 2005 Unusually extreme cosmic ray events in July 2005 A. Papaioannou 1, M. Gerontidou 1, G. Mariatos 1, H. Mavromichalaki 1, C. Plainaki 1 1 University of Athens, Physics