Evaluation of Galactic Cosmic Rays Models Using AMS2 Data. Francis F. Badavi 1. Christopher J. Mertens 2 Tony C. Slaba 2
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1 Evaluation of Galactic Cosmic Rays Models Using AMS2 Data Francis F. Badavi 1 Christopher J. Mertens 2 Tony C. Slaba 2 1 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA 2 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA WRMISS22 Workshop, Turin, Italy September 05-07, 2017
2 Motivation Use AMS2 cosmic rays (GCR) proton and helium data, to highlight differences among 3 existing GCR models at 3 GeV, and > 3 GeV ranges AMS2 (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2) STS 134 May 19, 2011 present Data coverage: May November 2013 (~922 days) Perigee/Apogee: km. Inclination: 51.6 Period: 91 min. Proton E K range: GeV ( GV) Helium E K range: GeV ( GV) SAA data are excluded # # STS-134/ULF6-AMS, May, 2011
3 Existing GCR Models for Validation Work Frequently used: % Badhwar-O Neill (BO - American) * Matthia, German Aerospace center (DLR - European) # Nymmik, Moscow State University (MSU - Russian) 3 GeV > 3 GeV Not frequently used: ^Galprop & Dragon2+Helioprop! HMF+NLGCE_F - Webber-McDonald % Badhwar G.D., O Neill P.M. (1994), Long term modulation of galactic cosmic radiation and its model for space exploration, Adv. in Space Res., v. 14, pp * Matthia, D., et al. (2013), A ready-to-use galactic cosmic ray model, Adv. in Space Res., v. 51, pp # Nymmik, R., et al. (1994), An analytical model, describing dynamics of galactic cosmic ray heavy particles, Adv. in Space Res., v. 14, pp ^Vladimirov A.E., et al. (2011), GALPROP WebRun: an internet-based service for calculating galactic cosmic ray propagation and associated photon emissions, arxiv.org >astro-ph.he>arxiv: v3 & Evoli C., et al. (2017), Cosmic-ray propagation with DRAGON2: I. numerical solver and astrophysical Ingredients, arxiv.org>[astro-ph.he]>arxiv: v2! Qin G., Shen Z. (2017), Modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere, comparing with PAMELA measurements, arxiv.org> physics > arxiv: v2 - Webber W.R., McDonald F.B. (2013), Recent Voyager 1 data indicate that on 25 August 2012 at a distance of AU from the Sun, sudden and unprecedented intensity changes were observed in anomalous and galactic cosmic rays, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1665
4 Historical GCR Fits to Data - I SOLAR MODULATION AND ENERGY DENSITY OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS G. Gloeckler and J.R. Jokipii The astrophysical journal, Vol. 148, April 1967 ~E k No fit
5 Historical GCR Fits to Data - II ~E k ELEMENTAL AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF THE GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS J. A. Simpson Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci :323-81, 1983 No fit
6 BO/MSU/DLR GCR Proton and Helium Spectra Space radiation physics 3 GeV H He Astrophysics >3 GeV #/(m 2 -s) AMS2 upper detection limit 6 m 21 m 70 m #/(m 2 -yr
7 Scaled BO/MSU/DLR Proton and Helium Spectra H 3 GeV >3 GeV He
8 P.R.L. Paper on AMS2 Proton Data (May 2015) (1 GV-1.8 TV) (0.43 GeV-1.8 TeV) Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 114
9 Scaled AMS2 Proton Data * *Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Physical Review Letters, 114
10 P.R.L. Paper on AMS2 Helium Data (November 2015) (1.9 GV-3 TV) (1.2 GeV-3 TeV) Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the helium flux in primary cosmic rays of rigidity 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 115
11 Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the helium flux in primary cosmic rays of rigidity 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 115 Scaled AMS2 Helium Data
12 Scaled AMS2 Proton and Helium Data H He *Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Physical Review Letters, 114 Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the helium flux in primary cosmic rays of rigidity 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 115
13 *Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 114 Scaled AMS2 Proton Data vs. GCR Models
14 Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the helium flux in primary cosmic rays of rigidity 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 115 Scaled AMS2 Helium Data vs. GCR Models
15 Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 114 AMS2 Lower Energy Proton Data vs. GCR Models
16 Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the helium flux in primary cosmic rays of rigidity 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 115 AMS2 Lower Energy Helium Data vs. GCR Models
17 AMS2 Lower Energy Proton and Helium Data vs. GCR Models *H #He # * Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 114 # Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the helium flux in primary cosmic rays of rigidity 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 115
18 Significance of Proton Exposure (E) in Each Energy Region # 75% # 25% Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 114 # Slaba, T. C., Blattnig, S. R. (2014), GCR environmental models I: Sensitivity analysis for GCR environments, AGU pubs., Space Weather, 12,
19 Significance of Helium Exposure (E) in Each Energy Region # 85% # 15% Aguilar, M., et al. (2015), Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Letters, 115 # Slaba, T. C., Blattnig, S. R. (2014), GCR environmental models I: Sensitivity analysis for GCR environments, AGU pubs., Space Weather, 12,
20 Summary and Conclusion Compared 3 GCR models prediction with AMS2 proton and helium data Showed that for AMS2 proton data, BO model is closest to the data in the region of greatest importance to astronaut exposure ( 3GeV) Showed that for AMS2 helium data DLR model is closest to the data in the region of greatest importance for astronaut exposure ( 3GeV)
21 PAMELA Specifications Wizard collaborators: Italy, Germany, Sweden, Russia PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) Host Satellite, Resurs DK1 (Soyuz-FG) June 15, February 7, 2016 Data coverage: Perigee/Apogee: km. (~600 km. circular since 2010) Inclination: 70 Period : 94 min. Proton E K range: GeV ( GV) SEP/SAA data are excluded * ISS-AMS2 # *Adriani, O., et al. (2011), PAMELA measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra, Science, 332, p: 69-72, Apr. 2011
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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
1 The PAMELA apparatus. The PAMELA apparatus is inserted inside a pressurized container (2 mm aluminum window) attached to the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite. The apparatus, approximately 13 cm tall and