The ESA scientific program

Transcription

1 The ESA scientific program Luigi Colangeli Science and Robotic Exploration Directorate Head, ESA Solar System Missions Division and Coordinator, ESA Solar System Missions ESA-ESTEC 1

2 The ESA fleet in Astronomy The ESA Science Programme has consistently allowed European scientists to score key firsts Europe today has leadership in a number of fields in Space Science ESA aims at maintaining this leadership 2

3 The ESA fleet in the Solar System The ESA Science Programme has consistently allowed European scientists to score key firsts Europe today has leadership in a number of fields in Space Science ESA aims at maintaining this leadership 3

4 Basics of the Science Programme The Programme is Sciencedriven: both long-term science planning and mission calls are bottom-up processes, relying on broad community input and peer review. The Programme is Mandatory: all member states contribute pro-rata to GDP providing budget stability, allowing longterm planning of its scientific goals and being the backbone of the Agency. ESA MEMBER STATES AND COOPERATING STATES 4

5 HORIZON 2000 ( ) HORIZON ( ) 5 In 1995, a roll-forward of the programme was established, with the name Horizon , for 10 additional years, i.e. with launches up to 2015.

6 OBJECTIVES for : Launch of GAIA To create the largest and most precise three dimensional chart of our Galaxy by providing unprecedented positional and radial Velocity measurements for about one billion stars in our Galaxy and throughout the Local Group Italy (ASI + INAF) participates to an important fraction of the DPAC (Data Processing and Analysis Consortium): INAF Bologna, Catania, Napoli, Padova, Roma, Teramo, Torino (PI-ship) and Trieste. 2014: Launch of LISA Pathfinder LISA Pathfinder is to demonstrate the key technologies to be used in future missions for gravitational wave detection Italy (ASI+Univ. Trento): LISA Technology Package PI, Inertial Sensor Design 2015: Launch of BepiColombo Investigate origin and evolution of a planet close to the parent star; study form, interior, geology, composition; examine exosphere; probe magnetosphere structure and dynamics and determine origin of magnetic field; perform a test of Einstein's theory of general relativity Italy (ASI + INAF + Univ.s): SIMBIO-SYS spectral-imaging package, SERENA for exosphere monitoring, ISA accelerometer and radio-science experiment MORE 6

7 COSMIC VISION In 2005, a new programme was introduced to replace H2000+, for one more decade (until 2025) with the name Cosmic Vision ( ). 7

8 The COSMIC VISION Grand Themes 1. What are the conditions for planetary formation and the emergence of life? 2. How does the Solar System work? 3. What are the physical fundamental laws of the Universe? 4. How did the Universe originate and what is it made of? 8

9 COSMIC VISION A bottom-up approach ESA Executive DG, D/SRE Advice Recommendations Space Science Advisory Committee Science Programme Committee First Call for Missions issued in 1st Q Both L and M mission proposals solicited. More than 50 proposals received. Solar System and Exploration Working Group Astronomy Working Group Fundamental Physics Working Group European Science Community 9

10 COSMIC VISION A bottom-up approach ESA Executive DG, D/SRE Science Programme Committee Advice Recommendations National Agencies Space Science Advisory Committee Solar System and Exploration Working Group Astronomy Working Group Fundamental Physics Working Group European Science Community Scientists 10

11 Cosmic Vision Programme timeline L-Class JUICE NGO JUICE ATHENA M-Class Euclid L1 selection Euclid JUICE (L1) launch 2022 PLATO Solar Orbiter Solar Orbiter M3 Call EChO LOFT MarcoPolo-R STE-QUEST PLATO M3 mission M1/M2 down-selection M1/M2 selection M3 selection Solar Orbiter (M1) Launch 2017 Euclid (M2) Launch 2020 M3 launch 2022/2024

12 COSMIC VISION ( ) Step 1 Solar Orbiter Solar Orbiter as M1 (launch 2017) METIS Coronagraph (E. Antonucci, INAF-Turin, Italy) SWA (DPU, INAF-Rome) Euclid as M2 (launch 2020) Italy responsible for the spectroscopic channel (A. Cimatti Univ. Bologna). For the imaging channel, Italian activities involve above all electronics, data management and scientific use JUICE as L1 (launch 2022) JANUS - Camera system (P. Palumbo, Univ. Napoli "Parthenope ); MAJIS - Imaging Spectrometer (G. Piccioni, INAF-Roma); RIME - ice penetrating radar (L. Bruzzone, Univ. Trento); 3GM - radio science package (L. Iess, Univ. di Roma "La Sapienza ) JUICE Euclid 13

13 COSMIC VISION ( ) Step 2 Second Call for Missions issued in 2010 Only M mission proposals solicited EChO, MarcoPolo-R, LOFT, STE-QUEST selected for assessment with PLATO retained from previous round Selection planned for early 2014 PLATO LOFT STE-QUEST EChO MarcoPolo-R 14

14 COSMIC VISION Small Missions Novel component within the ESA Science Programme Call to the scientific community for novel ideas and explore approaches complementary to the current (L-M) components of the ESA Science Programme 26 proposals submitted The Call imposed strict limits on the cost of the missions that can be implemented under the advertised scheme Small-size missions with a development time not exceeding 4 years Proposals can address all areas of space science Cheops mission selected (October 2012) CHEOPS in Italy: ASI + INAF (Ct, Pd, Pa, To) + Uni. Pd + Fondazione Galileo Galilei 15 Characterize transiting exoplanets on known bright and nearby host stars Targets: Known exoplanet host stars with a V-magnitude < 12.5 (goal: 13) anywhere on the sky Wavelength: Visible range: 400 to 1100 nm (Option: NIR to 1700 nm) Telescope: 33 cm reflective on-axis Orbit: Low Earth Sun-synchronous orbit 6am, altitude 800 km Lifetime: 3.5 years

15 The (optional) European Robotic Exploration Program 1. Focused on the robotic exploration 2. Optional program a. Not all Member States participate b. Individual missions are specifically funded by Member States a. Based on international cooperation with Russia 3. Two missions currently approved ( ExoMars ) a. Trace gas orbiter (TGO) and Entry, Descent, and Landing Demonstrator Module (EDM) (2016) b. Exo-biology rover with Pasteur P/L (2018) 4. Long-term goal is Mars Sample Return ASI one of the main drivers of the program 16 Italian Scientific Teams in all key instruments

16 CM 2012 Revisiting Cosmic Vision ESA Science Program budget is decided at ministeriallevel conferences with a 5 yr horizon Ministerial conference in November 2012 Flat cash in

17 COSMIC VISION L2-L3 white papers - call Direct link to this Call page: CALL FOR WHITE PAPERS FOR THE DEFINITION OF THE L2 AND L3 MISSIONS IN THE ESA SCIENCE PROGRAMME 05 Mar 2013 The Director of Science and Robotic Exploration intends to define, in the course of 2013, the science themes and questions that will be addressed by the next two Large (L-class) missions in the Cosmic Vision plan, "L2" and "L3", currently planned for a launch in 2028 and 2034, respectively. This process starts with a consultation of the broad scientific community, in the form of the current Call, soliciting White Papers to propose science themes and associated questions that the L2 and L3 missions should address. The submission deadline for White Papers is 24 May 2013, 12:00 CEST (noon). 21

18 22 COSMIC VISION ( )

19 CALLS AND SELECTIONS Development times (from call to launch): L missions: >13 years M missions: 11 years Cost envelopes: L missions => 2 years of LoR M missions => 1 years of LoR 23

20 COOPERATION International cooperation: a. Maintain cooperation with traditional partners (NASA) b. Consolidate partnership with Japan c. Consolidate cooperation with Russia d. Open cooperation with China e. Avoid cooperation at 50/50 level Partnership with National agencies: a % of the programme with national contributions (instruments, their operation and exploitation) b. Specific calls for small missions to trigger cooperation between Member States c. Missions of Opportunity (open to contribution to national projects) 24

21 25 CONCLUSION