Nanodust in the Solar System: Discoveries and Interpretations

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1 Nanodust in the Solar System: Discoveries and Interpretations For further volumes:

2 Astrophysics and Space Science Library EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W. B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. University of Leiden, The Netherlands F. BERTOLA, University of Padua, Italy J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, Commission for Atomic Energy, Saclay, France P. EHRENFREUND, Leiden University, The Netherlands O. ENGVOLD, University of Oslo, Norway A. HECK, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands V. M. KASPI, McGill University, Montreal, Canada J. M. E. KUIJPERS, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia

3 Ingrid Mann Nicole Meyer-Vernet Andrzej Czechowski Editors Nanodust in the Solar System: Discoveries and Interpretations 123

4 Editors Ingrid Mann EISCAT Scientific Association Kiruna Sweden Andrzej Czechowski Space Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland Nicole Meyer-Vernet LESIA Observatoire de Paris Meudon France ISSN ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover figure : Transmission electron micrograph of nanometer sized cosmic dust analogs obtained at JEOL 3200FS instrument with 300 kv electron beam at the Institute for Molecular Science in Japan. The analogs were produced in a vapor phase condensation experiment at Tohoku University in Japan (Figure by Y. Kimura). Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 Preface When the authors of this book gathered for the first time in September 2009, it was with the goal to investigate how nanodust can be detected and studied in the solar system and how this knowledge can contribute to the understanding of nanodust in other cosmic environments. It quickly became apparent that each of us had a different understanding of the term nanodust and a different research approach. Coming from different fields of expertise, the discussions were full of questions to the others and our views of the topic diverse. Meanwhile, the interest in nanodust was growing, as well as the amount of observational and experimental results. In May 2010, we decided that the best approach to assemble and communicate our current knowledge would be in the form of a book addressing a specific aspect of the subject in each chapter. The book in front of you, finalized in August 2011, consists of an introduction and nine self-contained chapters. We hope it will attract readers working in space research, as well as advanced students and researchers working in related or other fields. We thank all the contributors of the individual chapters who have made this book possible with their individual work and joined discussions. We also thank a number of scientists for acting as reviewers of the manuscripts and/or for discussing with us during the preparation of this book, in particular Joseph A. Burns, Konrad Dennerl, Bruce Draine, Dieter Gehrlich, Doug Hamilton, Louis d Hendecourt, Mihaly Horanyi, Daniel Jontof-Hutter, Michiko Morooka, Tadashi Mukai, Edmond Murad, Joseph A. Nuth, and Pawel Oberc. Their comments contributed a lot to our project and helped in assembling a whole out of the different views on the subject. Our group discussions were held as an International Team formed at the International Space Science Institute, ISSI in Bern, Switzerland. We thank the ISSI staff and the editorial staff at Springer for their support. Kiruna, Sweden Meudon, France Warsaw, Poland Ingrid Mann Nicole Meyer-Vernet Andrzej Czechowski v

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7 Contents Introduction... 1 Ingrid Mann and Nicole Meyer-Vernet Nanodust in the Interstellar Medium in Comparison to the Solar System... 5 Aigen Li and Ingrid Mann Phenomena of Nanoparticles in Relation to the Solar System Yuki Kimura Nanodust Dynamics in Interplanetary Space Andrzej Czechowski and Ingrid Mann Dynamics, Composition, and Origin of Jovian and Saturnian Dust-Stream Particles Hsiang-Wen Hsu, Harald Krüger, and Frank Postberg Nanodust Measurements by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer Geraint H. Jones In Situ Detection of Interplanetary and Jovian Nanodust with Radio and Plasma Wave Instruments Nicole Meyer-Vernet and Arnaud Zaslavsky Erosion Processes Affecting Interplanetary Dust Grains Peter Wurz Charge-Exchange and X-ray Processes with Nanodust Particles Vasili Kharchenko and Nicholas Lewkow Causes and Consequences of the Existence of Nanodust in Interplanetary Space Ingrid Mann and Andrzej Czechowski Index vii

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9 Contributors Andrzej Czechowski Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Hsiang-Wen Hsu Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA Geraint H. Jones Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, UK Vasili Kharchenko Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA02138, USA Yuki Kimura Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Harald Küger Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg- Lindau, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saufercheckweg 1, Heidelberg, Germany Nicholas Lewkow Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA Aigen Li Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA Ingrid Mann Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium Laboratoire d Etudes Spatiales et d Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite de Paris Diderot, CNRS, Meudon, France EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden ix

10 x Contributors Nicole Meyer-Vernet LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, Meudon, France Frank Postberg Institut für Geowissenschaften, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Heidelberg, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saufercheckweg 1, Heidelberg, Germany Peter Wurz Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland Arnaud Zaslavsky LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, Meudon, France