Science Opportunities, Policies and Timeline

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1 EXPANDING THE FRONTIERS OF SPACE ASTRONOMY Science Opportunities, Policies and Timeline Neill Reid, Science Mission Office 11 December 2017

2 Topics The JWST Users Committee In place The science timeline The Cycle 1 GO Program General science policies The Cycle 1 TAC

3 The JSTUC

4 JWST Advisory Committee: JSTAC Roberto Abraham (Toronto) Neta Bahcall (Princeton) Stefi Baum (Rochester) Roger Brissenden (Chandra/SAO) Hashima Hasan (NASA, ex-officio) Tim Heckman (Johns Hopkins) Garth Illingworth (Santa Cruz, Chair) Malcolm Longair (Cavendish) John Mather (NASA, ex-officio) Mark McCaughrean (ESA, ex-officio) Chris McKee (Berkeley) Brad Peterson (Ohio State) Alain Ouellet (CSA, ex-officio) Joseph Rothenberg (JHR Consulting) Sara Seager (MIT) Eric Smith (NASA, ex-officio) Lisa Storrie-Lombardi (Spitzer/Caltech) Monica Tosi (Bologna) JSTAC: advisory to STScI Director Established 2009 by Matt Mountain

JWST Advisory Committee: JSTAC Roberto Abraham (Toronto) Neta Bahcall (Princeton) Tommaso Treu (UCLA) Roger Brissenden (Chandra/SAO) Hashima Hasan (NASA, ex-officio) Tim Heckman (Johns Hopkins) Garth

5 JWST Advisory Committee: JSTAC Roberto Abraham (Toronto) Neta Bahcall (Princeton) Tommaso Treu (UCLA) Roger Brissenden (Chandra/SAO) Hashima Hasan (NASA, ex-officio) Tim Heckman (Johns Hopkins) Garth Illingworth (Santa Cruz, Chair) Malcolm Longair (Cavendish) John Mather (NASA, ex-officio) Mark McCaughrean (ESA, ex-officio) Chris McKee (Berkeley) Kelsey Johnson (U. Virginia) Alain Ouellet (CSA, ex-officio) Heather Knutson (Caltech) Natalie Batalha (NASA-Ames) Eric Smith (NASA, ex-officio) Lisa Storrie-Lombardi (Spitzer/Caltech) Monica Tosi (Bologna) Provided advice on overhead accounting, community data access. GO funding levels, operational concerns & mission support Adjourned sine die July

6 JWST Users Committee Charged with advising STScI and the GSFC JWST Project on all aspect of the observatory Takes over many of the responsibilities of the JWST Advisory Committee Constituted in July Chair James Bullock, UC Irvine Members are drawn from the US, Canadian and ESA communities - Typically 2-3 years service - Amanda Hendrix represents the planetary community The JSTUC includes representatives of the 4 instrument teams to provide technical insight - Those members are not replaced when they rotate off the committee Full membership on JSTUC website First meeting on September 14 & 15, 2017 Face to face meetings at ~6 month intervals Interim telecoms as needed

7 JSTUC membership Voting members Name Institution Notes James Bullock University of California, Irvine Chair Kat Barger Texas Christian University Natalie Batalha NASA-Ames Sadia Caballero-Nieves Florida Institute of Technology Stephane Charlot Istitute d Astrophysique Duncan Farrah Virginia Tech Tom Greene NASA-Ames NIRCam team rep Amanda Hendrix Planetary Science Institute Kelsey Johnson University of Virginia Heather Knutson California Institute of Technology David Lafrenière Université de Montréal NIRISS team rep Mario Mateo University of Michigan Els Peeters University of Western Ontario Laura Pentericci INAF, Osservatorio Astronomica di Roma Mike Ressler NASA-JPL MIRI team rep Johan Richard Université de Lyon Tomasso Treu University of California, Los Angeles Non-Voting members Name Institution Notes Jean Dupuis CSA CSA, ex officio Pierre Ferruit ESTEC ESA, ex officio Antonella Nota STScI ESA, ex officio Eric Smith JWST Program Scientist NASA, Ex officio John Mather JWST Senior Project Scientist NASA, Ex officio Ken Sembach STScI, Director Ex officio Neill Reid STScI, Science Mission Office Ex officio Alessandra Aloisi STScI, Science Mission Office Ex officio Alistair Glasse Royal Observatory, Edinburgh MIRI team observer

8 The science timeline

9 The Cycle 1 GO proposal schedule JWST launch window has moved to Spring 2019 should we change the Cycle 1 proposal schedule accordingly? Developed pros & cons with GSFC science team Discussed extensively with the JSTUC Prime concerns are the ability to follow up new discoveries + 2 years between proposal calls Moving the proposal schedule only partially addresses those concerns & overlays the HST and JWST schedules, impacting the community s ability to participate in both missions An alternative strategy is to consider a supplemental call Schedule close to JWST launch, but allow for the pressure of commissioning activities We are working with the JSTUC to develop the appropriate scope, schedule and criteria JWST Cycle 1 Call was released on November JWST Cycle 1 GO proposal deadline has moved from March 2 to April

10 We are here May01 HST Cycle 26 Call JWST (HST) Science Planning Timeline Aug01 Phase I deadline Oct08 TAC Commissioning (until L+6 mo.) Oct 9-10 DD ERS TAC Nov 15 DD ERS TAC results released Apr 6 GO Cy1 prop. due Jun GO Cy1 TAC Jul GO Cy1 TAC results Cycle 1 Supplemental Call & TAC (L+6) Cycle 1 obs. begin (L+14) Cycle 2 deadline Nov 30 GO Cy1 call for prop. GTO and ERS final APT submission Dec 15 GTO and ERS Cy1 APT files become public JWST Cycle 1 Call for Proposals timeline (L+11) GO Cy2 call for prop Expect most DD ERS observations by this date

11 Cycle 1 GO Science Program

12 Background JWST observing programs Guest Observer (GO programs) Open access for the community 70%+ of time in Cycles 1 through 5 Guaranteed Time Observer (GTO) programs 4020 hours allocated over first 30 months (i.e. Cycles 1 through 3) GTOs have submitted proposals for 3820 hours Director s Discretionary Time (DD) programs Up to 10%/cycle i.e. 877 hours Rapid response observations & targeted science programs, such as Early Release Science program

13 Cycle 1 Proposal Categories Small :<25 hr.; 12 month exclusive access period by default up to ~3500 hours. Medium: hr.; 12 month exclusive access period by default up to ~1500 hours Large: >75 hr.; no exclusive access period by default up to ~1000 hours - Balanced distribution in program sizes over all JWST cycles but smaller programs will likely dominate in Cycle 1, even though there will be no cap on program size. Other GO categories: Calibration, Long-term, Treasury Survey programs - analogous to HST SNAPshot programs Target of Opportunity programs No joint programs with other observatories in Cycle 1 Archival proposals AR to analyse data from DD ERS programs Theory, Community Software

14 Parallel science observations JWST was conceived as a prime-only telescope, but operating instruments in parallel increases the science return Parallel science observations have been enabled for Cycle 1 Coordinated parallels - Single program, complementary observations - Both datasets carry the same exclusive access period Pure parallels - Separate proposals, distinct programs - Parallel observations may not drive program parameters - Pure parallel observations are non-proprietary The following combinations will be available for coordinated parallels NIRCam Imaging + MIRI Imaging NIRCam Imaging + NIRISS WFSS MIRI Imaging + NIRISS WFSS NIRCam Imaging + NIRISS Imaging (NIRCam must be prime) NIRSPec MOS + NIRCam imaging (NIRSpec must be prime) Most (but not all) 2-instrument combinations will be available for pure parallel observations Parallels will not be allowed for prime programs that require high stability (eg exoplanet transits, coronagraphy)

15 Target of Opportunity Observations Target of Opportunity proposals target transient phenomena that are expected, but occur at an unpredicted location and time e.g. transient solar system phenomena (comets, atmospheric features), novae, supernovae, GRBs, LIGO transients Once triggered, ToOs are added to the JWST observing schedule ToOs that require turnaround times >14 days can be accommodated in the standard scheduling process ToOs that require turnaround times <14 days are disruptive - Only 8 will be permitted in Cycle 1 all available for GO programs ToOs that require turnaround times < 3 days will carry an additional overhead of 45 minutes/activation - Allows for the average impact on observing efficiency

16 Time constrained observations Time constrained observations are observations that must be executed within a given absolute time period e.g. observations of specific phases of variable stars, exoplanet transit observations, some solar system phenomena Time critical observations are time constrained observations that must occur within a window less than 1 hour. These observations will carry an additional overhead of 60 minutes/activation to account for the scheduling impact. In building the schedule, JWST needs to arrive at this target at or before the start time of the observations In most cases, JWST will arrive early and wait

17 JWST Science Policies

18 Policy Implementation JWST (& HST) policies are implemented by the Science Policies STScI Personnel: Neill Reid, Lead for JWST science policies Claus Leitherer, Lead for HST science policies Lou Strolger, Calls for Proposals, Grants Amaya Moro-Martin Andy Fruchter Molly Peeples Brian Williams Brett Blacker, Technical support

19 Duplications All Great Observatories, by policy, forbid scientifically unjustified duplicate observations The goal is not to protect scientific programs Great observatories can, and do, accept observing programs that address the same science goals through different observational techniques The goal is to maintain the highest scientific productivity Unjustified duplicate observations waste telescope time

20 Duplications: definition Duplications are defined by instrument mode Observations are flagged as duplicate when they target the same astronomical source, and use the same instrument, the same spectral element or central wavelength, and exposure times within a factor of 4. For imaging instruments, observations are flagged as duplications if the instrument Field of View overlaps by more than 50% (TBR). For NIRSpec, potential duplications are flagged based on overlap in the Field of View Flagged observations will be checked for duplication on a slit-by-slit basis Observations flagged as duplicates will be checked Duplicate observations may be permitted if justified scientifically Justification must be included in the proposal Assessment usually based on recommendations from the TAC Final approval for all duplications rests with the STScI Director Duplicate observations that are approved may be embargoed for a limited period Assessed on a case-by-case basis

21 Duplications: NIRSpec MOS observations NIRSpec MOS observations add an extra dimension of complexity Duplications are defined on a source-by-source basis, not by field NIRspec targets cannot be determined until the orientation is set Most programs will be submitted with minimal orientation constraints The orientation will be set when the observations are placed on the Long Range Plan Simulations by the NIRSpec team show that observations of the same target list at different orientations leads to limited overlap in observed sources The fixed aperture grid can also lead to different spatial sampling of the same target Eliminating in-common sources from MOS observations does not increase observing efficiency Consequences: Observers can propose for observations of previously-observed source fields There must be an appropriate justification as to why additional observations are justified If the proposal is accepted, limited (<25%?) overlap in targets with previous prorgams will be allowed Adjudicated on a case by case basis

22 Program modification policy: context JWST observations will be scheduled in the LRP to maximise telescope efficiency and minimise overheads (slews, angular momentum dumps) Program adjustments during the cycle can impact scheduling of individual observations and hence the overall efficiency This is less of an issue with HST since Hubble has wider field of regard and Earth occultations provide resets every ~90 mins Spitzer was a much smaller telescope with a faster slew rate Program adjustments may be still be required to take account of developments in scientific knowledge and/or our understanding of JWST s functional capabilities We have a developed a framework for assessing requests for changes to GO/ERS and GTO observing proposals.

23 Program modification policy: implementation Guiding principles: All modifications requested for JWST programs will be reviewed and approved through an appropriate mechanism. Modified programs, as executed, must maintain the original science goals, avoid unnecessary duplicate observations and may not have a disproportionate impact on the LRP. - Major changes to programs must be approved by the STScI Director - Programs may not change targets unless the target was known at the time of the Cycle Call - If GTO proposers drop targets from a given, they may not include them as protected targets in a future cycle In general, modifications to GO andddt programs requested by the PI for scientific reasons shall be such that the program stays within its originally allocated total charged duration assigned to the program; modifications to GTO programs are limited by the total time allocated to the appropriate PI. GO, GTO and DDT programs may require modification to mitigate changes in instrument/telescope performance; the parameters for any such modifications will be specified by STScI. Modifications to GTO programs are limited by the total time allocated to the appropriate PI.

24 Cycle 1 GO Telescope Allocation Committee

25 Cycle 1 TAC planning: schedule JWST is likely to be popular with the community HST attracted 1200 proposals in Cycle 25; ALMA, 1600 in Cycles 4 & 5 We need to avoid saturating reviewers limit the load per panel For planning purposes, assume N=1600 & 21 panels HST TAC currently utilizes 15 panels dispersed throughout STScI and JHU Physics & Astronomy Expanding to 21 simultaneously supported panels will strain resources For JWST Cycle 1 we plan on distributing the TAC process over a 2-week period Week 1 Galactic, Week 2 Extragalactic two TAC chairs panels meet Monday-Wednesday noon Panel chairs meet to consider Large/Treasury proposals Wednesday afternoon Friday 8 panelists/panel + chair; ~15% ESA, ~5% Canada JWST Cycle 1 GO TAC is planned for June TAC recruitment has started

26 Summary JWST User committee is in place and active DD ERS program selection is complete Strong proposals covering a wide range of science topics Smooth selection process Accepted proposals announced Cycle 1 GO process TAC recruitment under way Call released on November 30 th 2017 Proposal deadline will be April TAC will be held at STScI over 2 weeks in late June 2018 With the JSTUC, we are exploring possible parameters for a supplemental call to accommodate new discoveries between GO deadline and start of Cycle 1 observations

27 Cycle 1 JWST & Cycle 26 HST schedules November : JWST Cycle 1 Call for Proposals April : JWST Cycle 1 Proposal Deadline May : HST Cycle 26 Call released Medium, Large & Treasury, Joint proposals only June : JWST Cycle 1 TAC Results announced in July 2018 August : HST Cycle 26 Proposal Deadline October : HST Cycle 26 TAC Results announced in November 2018

28 Backup

29 JWST science topics What science will the community conduct with JWST? How should we group proposals? Use cryogenic Spitzer as a guide stellar pops ISM star clusters galactic structure massive stars x-gal stars YSOs H II star formation evolved stars compact objects solar system local group Interacting galaxies nearby galaxies starbursts extrasolar planets debris disks cosmology high z clusters dark matter GRBs CIB high z ULIRGS/LIRG/HLIRG AGN/QSOs Stellar pops Stars Galaxies Exoplanets Cosmology AGN fraction of proposals

30 Topical distribution: combined solar system Exoplanets and disks Stars St pops + ISM Galaxies Spitzer Hubble Cosmology Black holes/agn/qsos % of proposals Spitzer Cycle 5 vs. Hubble Cycle 24 Spitzer binned to match Hubble Similar distribution of topics

31 GTO Proposals: 1 time requested GTOs must request between 25% and 49% of the time available to GOs & GTOs in Cycle 1 (NASA Policy 9) ~8000 hrs available 2000 < t < 3900 hrs Total request in 3775 hrs APT files published on Dec investigators 191 unique investigators Name GTO description Hours requested Heidi Hammel Interdisciplinary scientist 106 hrs Simon Lilly Interdisciplinary scientist 112 Jonathan Lunine Interdisciplinary scientist 100 Mark McCaughrean Interdisciplinary scientist 40 Massimo Stiavelli Interdisciplinary scientist 78 Rogier Windhorst Interdisciplinary scientist 110 Gillian Wright European MIRI Team PI 430 George Rieke US MIRI Team PI 155 Marcia Rieke NIRCam Team PI 905 René Doyon NIRISS Team PI 448 Pierre Ferruit NIRSpec Team PI 865 Matt Mountain Telescope Scientist 192 Christine Chen US MIRI Science Team 12 Scott Friedman US MIRI Science Team 12 Karl Gordon US MIRI Science Team 12 Tom Greene US MIRI Science Team 60 Dean Hines US MIRI Science Team 10 Margaret Meixner US MIRI Science Team 57 Alberto Noriega Crespo US MIRI Science Team 12 Mike Ressler US MIRI Science Team hrs

EXPANDING THE FRONTIERS OF SPACE ASTRONOMY. JWST Proposals and Timeline. Jeff Valenti (on behalf of Science Mission Office)

EXPANDING THE FRONTIERS OF SPACE ASTRONOMY JWST Proposals and Timeline Jeff Valenti (on behalf of Science Mission Office) 1 Main Points Cycle 1 GTO program specification is almost complete Observation