Discussion with JWST SWG re JSTAC recommendations*"

Transcription

1 Discussion with JWST SWG re JSTAC recommendations* *from two recent JSTAC letters (March 26 & March ) see: Garth Illingworth, Chair on behalf of the JSTAC

2 JSTAC charter The committee is charged with advising the STScI Director on the optimum strategies and priorities, consistent with NASA policy and international agreements, for the operations of the James Webb Space Telescope in order to maximize its scientific productivity.

3 JSTAC charter The areas that the JSTAC will advise on include: Capabilities at launch to maximize science return, including archive, data analysis tools, and observing modes Prioritization of the capabilities offered at launch Observing time allocation strategies, including the balance between large and small programs The readiness status of the JWST Science and Operation Center Policy implementation, including items such as resolution of conflicts, and availability, timing and level of support of observing modes for GO and GTO observers

4 JSTAC members:! Roberto Abraham University of Toronto Neta Bahcall Princeton University Stefi Baum Rochester Institute of Technology Roger Brissenden Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Timothy Heckman Johns Hopkins University Malcolm Longair Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge Garth Illingworth University of California, Santa Cruz Christopher McKee University of California, Berkeley Bradley Peterson Ohio State University Joseph Rothenberg JHR Consulting Sara Seager Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lisa Storrie-Lombardi Spitzer Science Center, Caltech Monica Tosi INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna JSTAC Ex-officio observers from the Agencies:! Hashima Hasan NASA HQ John Mather NASA GSFC Mark McCaughrean ESA Alain Ouellet / Jean Dupuis CSA Eric Smith NASA HQ JSTAC members Key STScI Interfaces:! Massimo Stiavelli JWST Office Head Neill Reid Science Mission Office Head Jason Kalirai JWST MO; JSTAC Executive Secretary

5 JSTAC focus The bottom line for JSTAC is: Advise on maximizing the scientific productivity of JWST $8.8B is large and visible JWST is the largest basic scientific research program in the US We need to argue convincingly that we, the astronomy community and NASA, are doing all we can to make the investment by the taxpaying public, the Administration and Congress return the most scientific bang for the buck.

6 JSTAC& &Paul s&ques0ons&for&discussion&& Paul s ques*ons From a presentation by Paul Hertz to the JSTAC on Dec 10, 2012! &&&How&can&NASA&maximize&the&science&return&from&JWST?&& &&&What&can&be&done&to&maximize&science&produc0vity&and&community& involvement&with&jwst&in&its&first&1h2&years?& &&&What&are&the&appropriate&policies&for&data&rights&such&as&the&period&of& exclusive&use?& &&&What&do&NASA&and&STScI&need&to&do&in&order&to&ensure&that&the&community&is& prepared?& &&&What&are&metrics&for&determining&appropriate&level&of&GO&funding&in&context& of&lessons&learned&from&spitzer,&hubble,&etc.?&&& &&&What&do&NASA&and&STScI&need&to&do&in&order&to&ensure&that&the&project& (including&stsci)&is&prepared?& &&&Can&you&iden0fy& unfunded&mandates &created&through&developmental& choices&that&will&lien&the&jwst&budget&in&the&opera0onal&era?&

7 maximizing the science return The bottom line for JSTAC is: Advise on maximizing the scientific productivity of JWST $8.8B is a large commitment The 5-year required lifetime of JWST adds a particular challenge When JWST launches with all its remarkable observational capabilities and with data analysis capabilities, it has been clear for some time that a key issue for maximizing the science return from JWST will be the length of the proprietary period. As we found in 2010, in a limited-life mission, such as JWST with its 5-year lifetime, the interplay between proprietary time and proposal periods can seriously impact the astronomy community s ability to iterate on key science objectives.!

8 the interplay between proprietary time and proposal periods can seriously impact the astronomy community s ability to iterate on key science objectives From JSTAC Letters of Feb & June

9 the interplay between proprietary time and proposal periods can seriously impact the astronomy community s ability to iterate on key science objectives 12 month TAC/scheduling cycles 12 month proprietary period With a 12-month proprietary period, Cycle 4 is the first cycle able to use all Cycle 1 data to do follow-up By Cycle 3, only ~1/3 of the Cycle 1 data would be available This seriously impacts the science return from the mission! Recent refinements do not change these early conclusions as we discussed in July 2013, and will see again later, major gains occur with a 6 month proprietary period

10 Dear Colleague, In the recent past a discussion of the concept of community fields - regions of the sky with significant NASA satellite *me invested in them - led to concern and some confusion about how such a concept if implemented would or might affect JWST guaranteed *me observers (GTOs). NASA intends to abide by the rules and procedures established in the AO 01- OSS- 05 that formed the basis for the selec*on of guaranteed *me observers, and the JWST Science Policies document. Neither of those documents recognize the concept of community fields. Those documents, and the proposals received in response to the AO, do define the science programs and targets or target classes selected by NASA through compe**ve peer review and the sequence by which the GTOs will finalize their target selec*on in rela*on to other observers. The AO also defines the period of exclusive use for GTO data to be 12 months. While GTOs are always free to make their data public at any point within those ini*al 12 months there will be no change to the default exclusive use period. Eric s May At a future Science Working Group mee*ng we will invite a member or members of the JWST Space Telescope Advisory CommiUee (JSTAC) to discuss their ideas about the benefits to the astronomical community that could be recognized by voluntary reduc*on of the GTO exclusive use period as well as their recommenda*on (to the director of the STScI) to reduce the exclusive use period for general observers to six months. I hope that this clarifica*on will be helpful to you and your teams as you further refine your science programs. Best Regards, Eric Eric s May clarification of the situation re GTO rights a key question is how the SWG and the JSTAC can work together to maximize the overall science return for JWST cognizant of those rights are there aspects that the GTOs would be willing to do to help the overall goal of maximizing the productivity of JWST in its five-year lifetime?!

11 (A) open access community fields & Early Release Science (ERS) March 26, 2014 JSTAC letter

12 open access community fields and early release science (ERS) Both items first raised in June letter from JSTAC (as First Look for ERS) with some JSTAC discussion in May 2013 Problems with JWST meant that we never got to have a discussion of these aspects with the SWG until July 2013 Mikulski-requested JWST Independent Comprehensive Review Panel activity dominated attention from July (and much of 2012) dominated by replan activities and House cutting JWST budget to zero in July 2011 JSTAC further discussed the community fields and ERS observations in its November 2013 meeting JSTAC letter based on all these discussions now submitted (and on GO proprietary time).

13 SANTA BARBARA SANTA CRUZ open access community fields and early release science June 2010 Letter detailed number of aspects that JSTAC felt were important for maximizing the science return. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA CRUZ BERKELEY DAVIS IRVINE LOS ANGELES MERCED RIVERSIDE SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA OBSERVATORIES/LICK OBSERVATORY DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS Dr. Matt Mountain, Director Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore, MD Dear Dr. Mountain: SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA June 21, 2010 At its recent meeting the James Webb Space Telescope Advisory Committee (JSTAC) continued to discuss ways in which the science return from JWST could be optimized and maximized. Meeting this goal requires that the GO and GTO science user community has access to early data demonstrating instrument and telescope performance, and is informed, involved and well-prepared to hit the ground running as soon as science observations begin. In particular, the JSTAC began to appreciate the need for the community to be well-informed about JWST s capabilities soon after the 6- month commissioning period ends, since the deadline for Cycle 2 Proposals occurs just a few months later. Such community involvement and access must continue over the subsequent years. As the JSTAC noted in a previous letter (JSTAC_Science-Operations_Capabilities.pdf), the interplay between the short, five-year required lifetime of JWST, the TAC cycles, and a one-year proprietary period for data has a dramatic impact on the ability of the science community to implement follow-up observations. The greatest benefit from observations made by JWST will occur when the delay between initial observations and follow-up observations is minimized. However, Figure 1 in that letter (reproduced below) showed that, for data with a one-year proprietary period, the Call for Proposals for Cycle 4 is the first wherein the full Cycle 1 dataset is public and so can be used as the basis for followup proposals by all members of the science community. Such a long delay before the community has full access to key observations and datasets, and can carry out followup programs, will have a dramatic impact on the overall scientific productivity of JWST. Given this context and the JSTAC s focus on maximizing the science return from JWST, the JSTAC recommends three approaches that will help develop a sophisticated science user community as quickly as possible, and provide data and results that can be rapidly utilized for subsequent proposals and observations. The three recommendations build on experience with the current three Great Observatories and are a natural extrapolation from TAC procedures and processes that have developed over the lifetime of these missions. In particular, they arose from discussions at our last two meetings with the Institute, and suggestions based on their experience. They have been developed within the context of the previous JSTAC letter (mentioned above) and its Figure 1 (see below). The JSTAC s recommendations are: First-Look Program The JSTAC recommends that the Institute develop a First- Look program, similar to that carried out by Spitzer in its first year, to obtain images and spectra that would be used to demonstrate key modes of the JWST instruments. The goal of this program is to enable the community to understand the performance of JWST prior to the submission of the first post-launch Cycle 2 proposals that will be submitted just months after the end of commissioning. To meet this goal, science data need to be released as soon as commissioning activities allow. The data from this First-Look program would complement the Early Release Observations (ERO) and the Science Verification (SV) datasets. The First-Look data should have no proprietary period. The JSTAC recommends that the First-Look data be released both in raw form and with any initial calibrations as soon as possible; the key aspect is speed. Subsequently processed and calibrated versions of the data should also be made available through the archive, as quickly as practical, as the quality of the relevant calibrations improves. The targets could be chosen initially by the Institute and announced as preliminary first-look targets, with the understanding that the list may be modified if any of the initial targets were selected by the GTOs in their Cycle 1 science program or in the Cycle 1 GO proposals. This program is expected to utilize part of the Director s Discretionary time for Cycle 1. Open access for data from Large Programs The trend for large programs at all the Great Observatories has been towards zero or small proprietary periods. This increased emphasis on open access to data has been reinforced on HST where data from programs granted Director s Discretionary time has had zero proprietary period regardless of program size, and on the other Great Observatories where the proprietary period for Director s Discretionary time has been zero or short (<3 months). The firstcycle Spitzer Legacy Science programs were established with zero proprietary periods to help ensure that optimal use was made of Spitzer during its limited life. Since that ground-breaking step, HST Treasury, Chandra VLP and subsequent Spitzer Legacy Science programs have explicitly been non-proprietary, with full and open access. This has benefited the broad science community through increased utilization of unique and costly resources. These open datasets have also provided incentives for timely publication through increased competition. Given these trends, the success of the wholly non-proprietary HST Treasury, Chandra VLP and Spitzer Legacy Science programs, and the value of unrestricted access to large datasets, especially given the limited lifetime of JWST, the JSTAC recommends that all JWST Large programs have zero proprietary period. The JSTAC extensively discussed the issue of proprietary time and recognizes that some classes of observations, even in Large programs, would benefit from a scientifically-justified proprietary period. To accommodate observational programs of this nature, the JSTAC further recommends that proposers of Large programs could request and justify a proprietary period in their proposal to the Time Assignment Committee (TAC). If so recommended by the TAC, the proposing team could be allocated a proprietary period by the Director, consistent with current procedures and policies. Community Fields The Great Observatories space missions have established a number of fields whose multi-wavelength, multi-mission datasets represent an enormous investment of public resources and have extraordinary value for a wide range of science programs. These Great Observatory datasets have typically been nonproprietary and so are accessible quickly by the international research community, thereby enhancing their scientific impact. The value of these fields has been further reinforced by spectroscopic and imaging observations from a range of international telescope facilities, and observations by other space missions, leading to coverage across much of the spectrum. The numbers of such fields are not large. Examples of such fields that were discussed by the JSTAC included the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) and the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N), and a field or two in low redshift galaxies or key star-forming regions. Fields such as these have become a community resource and as such are key for maximizing the science return from Observatory-class missions like JWST. Particular emphasis has been placed on the importance of open access for JWST because of the limited life and the large impact that a one-year proprietary period has on the ability to carry out follow-up observations. Given the value of such fields for research across a broad range of science areas, the JSTAC endorses the concept of community fields. The JSTAC further recommends that any JWST data obtained on these fields have zero proprietary periods (covering both GO and GTO data), reflecting common practice for allocations made by current TACs. While these fields are very important, the number of fields with such attributes is not large, and so the actual number designated as community fields should be modest. Since the selection of fields that are designated to have this significant status is primarily a scientific issue, the JSTAC recommends that the Director convene a committee with diverse science background to evaluate which fields should fall into this category. This should occur expeditiously given the increasing realization within the astronomical community that current projects on existing facilities need to plan for the impact of JWST. The JSTAC further realizes that a recommendation for such status for JWST allocations of time would need the endorsement and approval of NASA HQ, and so understands that the Director will need to request approval of the concept. Following the recommendations of the community fields committee the Director could then request NASA HQ approval that all data taken with JWST on the modest number of selected fields be made immediately available to the astronomy community. Note that our recommendations use the well-established and widely-used terminology proprietary period, but we are aware that the JWST Science Policies document uses a different phrase, exclusive access, that will eventually replace proprietary period in the JWST context. In addition, these recommendations emphasize a reduction in the proprietary period for certain observational programs and regions. The JSTAC would like to note that this should not be taken to be a general statement regarding the role and value of proprietary periods. The Committee has not taken a position pro or con on this issue. Our recommendations relate to the particular circumstances associated with a limited lifetime Great Observatory. As noted above, these three recommendations are consistent with policies adopted for the current Great Observatories, or formalize what has become the increasing trend towards open data access, particularly for large programs, as reflected through the community-driven, peer-review TAC process. We expect that the implementation of these three recommendations for JWST will enhance the scientific productivity of our next Great Observatory. Sincerely yours, on behalf of the Committee, Garth D. Illingworth, Chair, JSTAC JSTAC Committee Members: Roberto Abraham, Neta Bahcall, Stefi Baum, Roger Brissenden, Tim Heckman, Malcolm Longair, Christopher McKee, Bradley Peterson, Joe Rothenberg, Sara Seager, Lisa Storrie-Lombardi, Monica Tosi JSTAC Ex-officio representatives of the space agencies: Luc Brule (CSA), John Mather (GSFC), Mark McCaughrean (ESA), Eric Smith (NASA HQ) Cc. STScI: Kathryn Flanagan, Massimo Stiavelli, Peter Stockman First-Look program (Early Release Science ERS)! cf. Neill s presentation to the GTOs in July 2013 letters at: 2 Open access (zero proprietary period) for large programs current baseline for JWST based on HST default periods: zero for large and treasury programs (comparable for Chandra and Spitzer equivalents) 3 Community fields open access for regions with a very large investment of time by national scientific facilities new consideration for discussion for GOs! 4

14 open access community fields

15 JSTAC recommendation regarding open access community fields The JSTAC discussed the question of what to recommend regarding the role of open access community fields for GOs. As Brad Peterson and I mentioned in our July 2013 SWG presentation, the JSTAC expected the number of such fields that would fall into this category would be relatively small. CDF-South region Following a request by JSTAC, STScI did a search for the 50 most visited regions of the sky by Hubble. This table groups the ten most visited areas. The JSTAC revisited this question in Nov The consensus in the JSTAC was that the concept of open access community fields had merit, but that at this time just one field stood out clearly for open access through the community field concept. This field is the HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S

16 JWST First Look/Early Release Science and Community Fields Appendix: 6 Community Fields Some background regarding the most-studied HST fields was presented to the JWST SWG in July 2013 ( This background is helpful for recognizing why the JSTAC felt that the HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S region stood out from all others. More detail can be found in the presentation. Following a request by JSTAC, STScI did a search for the 50 most visited regions of the sky by Hubble. The small table groups the ten most visited areas and numbers of exposures. The UDF (HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S) and HDF North (HDFN/GOODS-N/CDF-N) regions are the most observed, along with several galactic clusters. Just the ACS data is shown below for these two fields. There are currently about 3000 orbits of ACS and WFC3 data on the HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S and about 1400 orbits on the HDF-N/GOODS-N/CDF-N. Over the life of HST including all instruments ~6470 orbits, or ~18030 exposures, have been put on the HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S and ~4300 orbits, or ~13550 exposures, on the HDFN/GOODS-N/CDF-N). JSTAC recommendation regarding open access community fields The JSTAC discussed the two major regions HDF-N/ GOODS-N/CDF-N and HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S region but decided to recommend just the HUDF/ GOODS-S/CDF-S.! The other Great Observatories and ground-based telescopes have focused on these areas also. For the HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S region, Hubble s 6 Ms (ACS and WFC3 data) is matched by 6 Ms from Spitzer and 4 Ms from Chandra. This extensive dataset from all the Great Observatories resulted in the JSTAC recommending that the HUDF/GOODSS/CDF-S region be considered as a community field with open access (zero proprietary period). Appendix from the March 26 letter

17 JSTAC recommendation regarding open access community fields (from Mar 26 letter) The JSTAC recommends that STScI identify the HUDF/ GOODS-S/CDF-S region as an open access community field such that GO data acquired on that region normally have zero proprietary/exclusive access period. The JSTAC recognizes that agreements limit the extension of the community fields concept to include GTO observations. The uniquely open nature of the investment made in the HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S has been widely recognized by the astronomy community, as exemplified by the open access accorded to essentially all data taken in this region.! The JSTAC would like to request that the GTOs voluntarily cooperate in adhering to the principle of open access to GTO data obtained in the HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S.! Based on Eric s last year, you, the GTOs, can do what you like regarding fields, but we would like to ask you to think about the impact of your decisions and their impact on maximizing the science return. Let us come back to this.

18 Early Release Science (ERS)

19 JSTAC recommendation regarding early release science ERS (from Mar 26 letter) The JSTAC has discussed an open access ERS program (initially as a First Look program) since its inception. The JSTAC again endorsed the concept of an open access ERS program to be done as early as possible within Cycle 1.! The JSTAC identified the primary goals of an ERS program to be:! (i) educate the community as to the scientific capabilities of JWST s key instruments and modes; (ii) ensure rapid data availability so that the community can generate proposals for Cycle 2 that take maximal advantage of JWST s new and uniquely powerful capabilities (since the Cycle 2 deadline is part way through Cycle 1); (iii) involve the community in the planning of the ERS program. The JSTAC noted that to achieve these goals, the ERS program should:! (i) provide a wide range of scientifically-interesting datasets that will enhance the science proposals for Cycle 2; (ii) exercise a wide range of the expected to be most used modes for a range of science topics; (iii) be carried out very early in the first cycle; (iv) begin the planning process in an early, open way with proposals from community members.

20 JSTAC recommendation regarding ERS The ERS program was outlined in a nominal timeline developed for JSTAC by STScI. The selection of science, targets and modes would involve the community and be carried out over the next two years. The JSTAC recognized that the ERS program would need to be iterated with the GTOs and finalized as the GTO program matures and is finalized. ERS program dates are nominal

21 JSTAC recommendation regarding ERS The JSTAC recommends that STScI work with the community to plan for implementation of an Early Release Science (ERS) program that will provide non-proprietary, open access data to the community on a wide range of science programs and modes that (i) demonstrate the scientific capabilities of JWST, (ii) quantify the observational capabilities and (iii) position the astronomy community to submit Cycle 2 proposals that are based on realworld experience with JWST, thereby allowing the community to exploit the full potential of JWST very early in its 5-year life. The JSTAC recognizes that as the ERS program is being planned and implemented that iteration will be needed with the GTOs to resolve duplications. The JSTAC encourages STScI to work with the GTOs so that the community involvement in the selection of targets, science objectives and modes is carried out efficiently and is completed when needed before the Cycle 1 Call for Proposals.!

22 open access community fields & early release science summary The JSTAC s recommendations for an ERS program and for designation of the HUDF/GOODS-S/CDF-S as an open access community field relate to the GO program. However, the GTOs can also benefit from ERS data and from access to GO data quickly as well. You have the ability to reset your program prior to the GOs at subsequent cycles and you will benefit from seeing new results and opportunities.!! Furthermore, when you inevitably submit proposals as GOs or are part of GO teams you will directly benefit also from data that is open access. The JSTAC asks you to think about this as you plan your program: As GTOs, you will have a major impact on the GO science program and the overall science return from JWST by (1) your choice of targets and fields, particularly those benchmarks with unique characteristics, and (2) by the length of the proprietary period that you choose for those observations.!

23 (B) proprietary/exclusive access period for GOs March 27, 2014 JSTAC letter

24 proprietary/exclusive access period The proprietary period represents a balance between the benefits to the proposal team and the benefits to the community as a whole. However, the political and the social environment is leading towards more open data access for taxpayer-supported programs which will inevitably push the proprietary time to shorter periods, if not zero.

25 context: proprietary period/exclusive access period within NASA SMD and other Agencies Earth Science: No proprietary/exclusive access period for all Earth science data from NASA, ESA and JAXA. The proprietary period was set by agreement to make all data open access, i.e., non-proprietary, for Earth science missions. Heliophysics: Has an open access data policy, i.e., no proprietary period. Planetary: The proprietary/exclusive access period for planetary data varies, but two major high-impact programs have no proprietary time Cassini and the Mars Exploration Rovers. Typically planetary missions have 6-month proprietary periods for NASA and 6-12 months for ESA. Astrophysics: Variable. Smaller missions range from 0-12 months. The ESA Herschel mission had a 12-month proprietary period for the first year, but 6 months thereafter. Large and DD (Directors Discretionary) are typically open access (0 proprietary period) for the Great Observatories. For its flagship missions, NASA Astrophysics stands out for its use of a consistently long proprietary/exclusive access period surprising given the cost of such missions. Lengthy proprietary/exclusive access periods are increasingly at odds with the actions of policymakers towards requiring open access for taxpayer-funded datasets!

26 the impact of a long proprietary period (12-month) Apr 2018! Oct LAUNCH! Commissioning (6 m)! Apr 2019! Cycle 1 starts! Cycle length = 12 months! Proprietary time = 12 months! Apr 2020! Apr 2021! JWST Proposal Cycles! Apr 2022! Apr 2023! Apr 2024! Apr 2025! Cycle 1! Cycle 2! Cycle 3! Cycle 4! Cycle 5! ERS program! (no proprietary time)! Cycle 2 proposal! deadline(only ERS! data available)! Cycle 3 proposal! deadline (0.3 of! Cycle 1 available)! Cycle 4 proposal! deadline (1.3! cycles of data! available)! Cycle 5 proposal! deadline (only 2.3! cycles available)! Figure 1! Cycle 4 is the first cycle where all of the Cycle 1 data can be used for follow-up For Cycle 3, only ~1/3 of the Cycle 1 data would be available This seriously impacts the science return from the mission! [These numbers includes 2 months (~0.2 cycle) as the data familiarization and proposal preparation period see next slide]

27 the proposal cycle P proprietary period D=>C proposal process duration preparation period to assess data before proposing

28 pre-proposal preparation period preparation period to assess data before proposing The early 2010 estimate of how much data is available assumes zero time between the end of the proprietary period and the proposal submission date. This is clearly unrealistic: access to the data for a proposal is needed before the proposal deadline to generate a credible and competitive proposal. Include 2 months (~0.2 cycle) as the data familiarization and proposal preparation period: i.e., for data reduction, familiarization with the results, consideration of the scientific implications, and proposal preparation.

29 The final recommendations: The focus of the JSTAC s discussion became the optimal length of the proprietary period (and whether the proprietary period should be fixed or even change during the life of JWST). Table 1 below is based on information from STScI SMO that shows the effect of different proprietary periods on the amount of data available for two different cycles (for two proposal process durations, the current 5.5 months and a single-phase 4-month option). data availability for new proposals Table 1: Data availability for proposers with varying proprietary periods P and proposal cycle duration D C D C P 12 months 6 months 4 months 3 months maximum months of data available** for Cycle 2 proposers current two phase 5.5 months 0 months 0 months 0.5 months 1.5 months ~ single-phase 4 months 0 months 0 months 2 3 months months maximum months of data available** for Cycle 3 proposers 5.5 months 4.5 months 10.5 months 12.5 months 13.5 months 4 months D=>C proposal process duration months months months months P proprietary period **For 2 month preparation period (for data reduction, familiarization with the results, consideration of the scientific implications, and proposal preparation). Note that ~1 month of data could be available for Cycle 2 proposers from the ERS and any other non-proprietary datasets.

30 proprietary period Table 1: Data availability for proposers with varying proprietary periods P and proposal cycle duration D C D C P 12 months 6 months 4 months 3 months for Cycle 2 proposers maximum months of data available From the March 27, 2014 JSTAC letter 5.5 months 0 months 0 months 0.5 months 1.5 months 4 months 0 months 0 months 2 months 3 months for Cycle 3 proposers maximum months of data available 5.5 months 4.5 months 10.5 months 12.5 months 13.5 months 4 months 6 months 12 months 14 months 15 months Consideration of these numbers confirmed for the JSTAC that its recommendation of a 6-month proprietary period in its May 2013 meeting was the right step. The 6- month proprietary time substantially increased the amount of data available for proposers. The 6-month proprietary period (vs a 12-month period) also enhances the ability of the GO community to gain needed experience not just with the unique characteristics of JWST datasets, but also with the new-to-jwst data processing tools and proposal preparation tools. The shorter proprietary period helps the astronomy community make optimal use of JWST datasets and minimizes the learning curve while enabling the successful proposer to have some period of proprietary use (exclusive access). The balance of a 6-month proprietary period between these competing interests (data availability vs. proprietary time) appealed to the JSTAC.

31 proprietary period Table 1: Data availability for proposers with varying proprietary periods P and proposal cycle duration D C D C P 12 months 6 months 4 months 3 months for Cycle 2 proposers maximum months of data available ** 5.5 months 0 months 0 months 0.5 months 1.5 months 4 months 0 months 0 months 2 months 3 months for Cycle 3 proposers maximum months of data available 5.5 months 4.5 months 10.5 months 12.5 months 13.5 months 4 months 6 months 12 months 14 months 15 months Cycle 2 remains a particular problem even for a 6-month proprietary period and an expedited TAC process no data is available for Cycle 2 proposers from GO programs, other than ERS data (**~1 month of data could be available for Cycle 2 proposers from the ERS and any other non-proprietary datasets). The JSTAC spent considerable time discussing what to do for Cycle 1. Much discussion focused on a recommendation of zero proprietary time for Cycle 1. JSTAC members were uneasy with just zero. A suggestion was made that JSTAC recommend a default of 0 months, with the option for proposers to request up to 6 months, so as to ensure that some data is available quickly from Cycle 1 programs for Cycle 2 proposers. This was seen as consistent with JSTAC s goal of finding balanced approaches to the question of proprietary time vs. data access (previous slide).

32 there is nothing special about 12 months! For HST the median time from first observation to first paper for GO programs is ~2.3 years i.e. 2.3X current 12-month proprietary period Chandra: 2.36 years Spitzer: 2 3 years Number of Papers All HST publica*ons GO author Pure archive Hybrid case No proprietry Years Since Access Granted to First Observation 12 months This clearly indicates that protecting data through publication is not a priority for most PIs, regardless of mission. A 6-month proprietary period will not impact the publication timescales for individual research programs, yet it will have a substantial positive impact on the quality and timeliness of the science proposed and carried out in each JWST cycle.

33 JSTAC recommendations regarding GO proprietary / exclusive access period The JSTAC made the following recommendations: 1) The JSTAC recommends that STScI implement a proprietary/exclusive access period for GOs for JWST that is 6 months throughout its life, modified just for Cycle 1 to a default of 0 months, with the option for proposers to request up to 6 months, so as to ensure that some data is available quickly from Cycle 1 programs for Cycle 2 proposers.! 2) The JSTAC reaffirms its July 21, 2010 recommendation that the proprietary/exclusive access period for Large/Treasury/Legacy and Director s Discretionary programs remain at 0 months, as is the current situation for HST.! These are of particular importance at this time given the scientific gains to be made, given the very large investment in JWST and its 5-year nominal mission life, given a launch date in an era in which fewer NASA missions will be operating, as well as actions of policy makers towards requiring open access for taxpayer-funded datasets.!

34 JSTAC s request to the SWG/GTOs

35 Apr 2018! Oct LAUNCH! request to GTOs to consider a shorter proprietary period Commissioning (6 m)! Apr 2019! Cycle 1 starts! ERS program! (no proprietary time)! Cycle length = 12 months! Proprietary time = 6 months! Apr 2020! Apr 2021! JWST Proposal Cycles! Cycle 1! Cycle 2! Cycle 3! Cycle 4! Cycle 5! Cycle 2 proposal! Cycle 3 proposal! deadline(only ERS! deadline (0.8 of! data available)! Cycle 1 available)! Apr 2022! Cycle 4 proposal! deadline (1.8! cycles of data! available)! Apr 2023! Apr 2024! Cycle 5 proposal! deadline (only 2.8! cycles available)! Figure 2! Apr 2025! Eric s invitation:..we will invite a member or members of the JWST Space Telescope Advisory Committee (JSTAC) to discuss their ideas about the benefits to the astronomical community that could be recognized by voluntary reduction of the GTO exclusive use period as well as their recommendation (to the director of the STScI) to reduce the exclusive use period for general observers to six months. The JSTAC recognizes the GTO rights that have been granted by NASA, ESA and CSA, but would like to ask you to voluntarily agree to releasing data after 6 months. And even earlier in the first part of Cycle 1.! JSTAC is concerned that a 12 month proprietary period for the GTOs will impact the science productivity of JWST. And that this could do so very significantly in some cases if the GTO observations are spaced out over the first 2-3 cycles in ways that constrain GO (and some GTO) access to key fields or objects. It was noted that some objects or fields may be effectively unavailable to GOs (and some GTOs) for the whole 5-year life of the mission.

36 Apr 2018! Oct LAUNCH! request to GTOs to consider a shorter proprietary period Commissioning (6 m)! Apr 2019! Cycle 1 starts! ERS program! (no proprietary time)! Cycle length = 12 months! Proprietary time = 6 months! Apr 2020! Apr 2021! JWST Proposal Cycles! Cycle 1! Cycle 2! Cycle 3! Cycle 4! Cycle 5! Cycle 2 proposal! Cycle 3 proposal! deadline(only ERS! deadline (0.8 of! data available)! Cycle 1 available)! Apr 2022! Cycle 4 proposal! deadline (1.8! cycles of data! available)! Apr 2023! Apr 2024! Cycle 5 proposal! deadline (only 2.8! cycles available)! Figure 2! Apr 2025! Eric s invitation:..we will invite a member or members of the JWST Space Telescope Advisory Committee (JSTAC) to discuss their ideas about the benefits to the astronomical community that could be recognized by voluntary reduction of the GTO exclusive use period as well as their recommendation (to the director of the STScI) to reduce the exclusive use period for general observers to six months. we humbly ask for your munificence The JSTAC recognizes the GTO rights that have been granted by NASA, ESA and CSA, but would like to ask you to voluntarily agree to releasing data after 6 months. And even earlier in the first part of Cycle 1.! JSTAC is concerned that a 12 month proprietary period for the GTOs will impact the science productivity of JWST. And that this could do so very significantly in some cases if the GTO observations are spaced out over the first 2-3 cycles in ways that constrain GO (and some GTO) access to key fields or objects. It was noted that some objects or fields may be effectively unavailable to GOs (and some GTOs) for the whole 5-year life of the mission.

37 Apr 2018! Oct LAUNCH! request to GTOs to consider a shorter proprietary period Commissioning (6 m)! Apr 2019! Cycle 1 starts! ERS program! (no proprietary time)! Cycle length = 12 months! Proprietary time = 6 months! Apr 2020! Apr 2021! JWST Proposal Cycles! Cycle 1! Cycle 2! Cycle 3! Cycle 4! Cycle 5! Cycle 2 proposal! Cycle 3 proposal! deadline(only ERS! deadline (0.8 of! data available)! Cycle 1 available)! Apr 2022! Cycle 4 proposal! deadline (1.8! cycles of data! available)! Apr 2023! Apr 2024! Cycle 5 proposal! deadline (only 2.8! cycles available)! Figure 2! Apr 2025! Eric s invitation:..we will invite a member or members of the JWST Space Telescope Advisory Committee (JSTAC) to discuss their ideas about the benefits to the astronomical community that could be recognized by voluntary reduction of the GTO exclusive use period as well as their recommendation (to the director of the STScI) to reduce the exclusive use period for general observers to six months. a collegial approach to GO ó GTO data access is what JSTAC is really requesting of the SWG The JSTAC recognizes the GTO rights that have been granted by NASA, ESA and CSA, but would like to ask you to voluntarily agree to releasing data after 6 months. And even earlier in the first part of Cycle 1.! JSTAC is concerned that a 12 month proprietary period for the GTOs will impact the science productivity of JWST. And that this could do so very significantly in some cases if the GTO observations are spaced out over the first 2-3 cycles in ways that constrain GO (and some GTO) access to key fields or objects. It was noted that some objects or fields may be effectively unavailable to GOs (and some GTOs) for the whole 5-year life of the mission.

38 summary JSTAC recommends an Early Release Science (ERS) program! JSTAC recommends a single region as an open access community field (the HUDF/ GOODS-S/CDF-S region) Reducing the proprietary period significantly increases the community data access at each proposal submission deadline. JSTAC recommends a baseline 6 month proprietary/ exclusive access period throughout JWST s life for small and medium programs and 0 months for large and treasury (as currently used for HST, Chandra and Spitzer).! The JSTAC recommends that the baseline 6 months be modified just for Cycle 1 to a default of 0 months, with the option for proposers to request up to 6 months, so as to ensure that some data is available quickly from Cycle 1 programs for Cycle 2 proposers. The JSTAC expects that the 12-month proposal cycle will remain (due to target visibility and demands on the community for TACs and the cost of TACs) The GTOs will benefit from the ERS program and the reduced proprietary/exclusive access period for GOs, both as GTOs and subsequently as GOs! JSTAC asks that the GTOs be collegial and generous, and volunteer to reduce their proprietary time to 6 months and to structure their programs so that fields and targets become available quickly to the GO and to the full GTO community.