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3 October Star Constellations 2015 NIGHT SKY TO UR

4 When to see Constellations (1) Phoenix, the Phoenix - October 4 (2) Andromeda, the Princess of Ethiopia October 9 (3) Cassiopeia, the Queen of Ethiopia October 9 (4) Cetus, the Sea Monster (whale) October 15 (5) Triangulum, the Triangle October 23 (6) Hydrus, the Southern Water Snake - October 26 (7) Aries, the Ram October 30

5 Phoenix (FEE-nix), the Phoenix Phe, Phoenicis (fuh-nice-iss)

6 Phoenix Meaning: Pronunciation: Abbreviation: Possessive form: Asterisms: The Phoenix fee' niks Phe Phoenicis (fen ee' siss) none Bordering constellations: Eridanus, Fornax, Grus, Sculptor, Tucana Overall brightness: (64) Central point: RA = 00h54m Dec.= 49 Directional extremes: N = 400 S = 58 E = 2h24m W = 23h24m Messier objects: none Meteor showers: July Phoenicids (14 Jul) December Phoenicids (5 Dec) Near stars:l (121) Size: square degrees (1.138% of the sky) Rank in size: 37 Solar conjunction date: 5 Apr Visibility: completely visible from latitudes: S of +32 completely invisible from latitudes: N of +50 Visible stars: magnitude 5.5): 27 (number of stars brighter than Interesting facts: (1) This is one of 11 constellations invented by Pieter Dirksz Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, during the years Midnight culmination date: 4 Oct Bright stars: a (79) Named stars: Ankaa (a)

7 Andromeda (an-drah-mih-duh), the Chained Maiden And, Andromedae (an-drah-mih-dee)

8 Andormeda Meaning: Pronunciation: Abbreviation: The Princess of Ethiopia an draw' meh duh And Midnight culmination date: 9 Oct Bright stars: a (51), 3 (52), y (69) Possessive form: Andromedae (an drom' uh die) Named stars: Adhil (), Alamak (y1), Almach (y), Alpheratz (ct), Mirach (3), Sirrah (a) Asterisms: The Baseball Diamond, Frederik's Glory, The Great Square, The Large Dipper The Three Guides Near stars: Ross 248 (9), Groombridge 34A-B (17) Size: square degrees ( % of the sky) Bordering constellations: Cassiopeia, Lacerta, Pegasus, Perseus, Pisces, Triangulum Overall brightness: (37) Central point: RA = 0h46m Dec. = +37 Directional extremes: N = +53 S = +21 E = 2h36m W = 22h56m Messier objects: M31, M32, MilO Meteor showers: annual Andromedids (3 Oct) Andromedids (27 Nov) Rank in size: 19 Solar conjunction date: 3 Apr Visibility: completely visible from latitudes: N of 37 completely invisible from latitudes: S of 69 Visible stars: (number of stars brighter than magnitude 5.5): 54

9 What is the nearest major galaxy to our own Milky Way Galaxy? Andromeda. In fact, our Galaxy is thought to look much like Andromeda. Together these two galaxies dominate the Local Group of galaxies. The diffuse light from Andromeda is caused by the hundreds of billions of stars that compose it. The several distinct stars that surround Andromeda 's image are actually stars in our Galaxy that are well in front of the background object. Andromeda is frequently referred to as M31 since it is the 31st object on Messier's list of diffuse sky objects. M31 is so distant it takes about two million years for light to reach us from there. Although visible without aid, the above image of M31 is a digital mosaic of 20 frames taken with a small telescope. Much about M31 remains unknown, including exactly how long it will before it collides with our home galaxy. The Andromeda Galaxy/ M31

10 This remarkable synthetic color composite image was assembled from archives of visible light and infrared astronomy image data. The field of view spans the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), a massive spiral a mere 2.5 million light - years away. In fact, with over twice the diameter of our own Milky Way, Andromeda is the largest nearby galaxy. Andromeda's population of bright young blue stars lie along its sweeping spiral arms, with the telltale reddish glow of star forming regions traced in space- and ground-based visible light data. But infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope, also blended directly into the detailed composite's red and green color channels, highlight the lumpy dust lanes warmed by the young stars as they wind ever closer to the galaxy s core. Otherwise invisible at optical wavelengths, the warm dust takes on orange hues. Two smaller companion galaxies, M110 (below) and M32 (above) are also included in the frame. The Infrared Invisible Andromeda/ M32

11 Our Milky Way Galaxy is not alone. It is part of a gathering of about 25 galaxies known as the Local Group. Members include the Great Andromeda Galaxy (M31), M32, M33, the Large Magellanic Cloud, the Small Magellanic Cloud, Dwingeloo 1, several small irregular galaxies, and many dwarf elliptical and dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Pictured on the lower right is one of the dwarf ellipticals: NGC 205. Like M32, NGC 205 is a companion to the large M31, and can sometimes be seen to the south of M31's center in photographs. The image shows NGC 205 to be unusual for an elliptical galaxy in that it contains at least two dust clouds (at 9 and 2 o'clock - they are visible but hard to spot) and signs of recent star formation. This galaxy is sometimes known as M110, although it was actually not part of Messier's original catalog. Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy/ M110

12 Continue Andormeda Non-traditional 'mythology : 3 And and yand, along with the four stars in the 'great square' of Pegasus (a And, a Peg, 3 Peg,,y Peg) and a Per, comprise what some have termed the 'Giant Dipper.' This 'dipper,' like its 'big' northern counterpart, also has a pair of stars at the end of the bowl which point to the north celestial pole. If 3 Per (presumably at maximum) is used instead of a, one can even note a "bend" in the handle! Interesting facts: (1) Alpheratz ((x And) has only recently (1928) been assigned to Andromeda. Since ancient times it has been a common star with Pegasus lying, as it does, at the northeast corner of the Great Square. It was also known as 8 Peg, but did not have any other common name which specifically linked it to Pegasus. (2) The Andromeda Galaxy, M31, is often referred to as the most distant visible naked-eye object. Some observers, however, are able to detect M33, the spiral galaxy in Triangulum which is about one and one-third magnitudes fainter than M31. (3) M31 is 2.3 million light years away and is approaching us at approximately 300 km/sec. It is the closest known spiral galaxy. (4) Almach (y And) is a multiple star system. Three stars may be telescopically detected, although small instruments will only show the two brightest. These two show a remarkable contrast in color, as one is orange and the other blue.

13 Cassiopeia (CASS-ee-uh-PEE-uh), the Seated Queen, Cassiopeia (CASS-ee-uh-PEE-ye)

14 Cassiopeia Meaning: Pronunciation: Abbreviation: Possessive form: Asterisms: Bordering constellations: The Queen of Ethiopia kass ee oh pee' uh Cas Cassiopeiae (kass ee oh pee' eye) The Three Guides Overall brightness: (30) Andromeda, Camelopardalis, Cepheus, Lacerta, Perseus Central point: RA = 1hl6m Dec. = +62 Directional extremes: Messier objects: Meteor showers: N = +78 S = +46 E = 3h36m W = 22h56 M52, M103 none Midnight culmination date: 9 Oct Bright stars: a (64), 1 (70), y (88), ö (105) Named stars: Achird (i). Caph (3), Cih (y), Ksora (s), Navi (e), Ruchbah (ö), Schedar (a), Segin (E), Tsih (y) Size: Rank in size: 25 Solar conjunction date: square degrees (1.451% of the sky) 11 Apr Visibility: completely visible from latitudes: N of 12 completely invisible from latitudes: S of 44 Visible stars: (number of stars brighter than magnitude 5.5): 51 Interesting facts: (1) The asterism The Three Guides, formed by the stars 3 Cas, a And, and 'y Pegmark the equinoctial colure. This is the great circle which intersects both celestial poles and both equinoxes. (2) B Cas, also known as 'Tycho's Star,' represents the supernova of 1572, one of only four observed supernovae known to have originated in our galaxy. The others are the novae of 1006 in Lupus, 1054 in Taurus (the event which produced the Crab Nebula), and 1604 in Ophiuchus (now known as 'Kepler's Star'). Tycho's Star was visible to the unaided eye for over 16 months and at its brightest this object could be easily detected in full daylight. Near stars: r Cas A-B (55), BD (82), jt Cas (112), Ross 318 (138), BD (140), V388 Cas (146), Wolf 46 (155)

15 Cetus (SEE-tus), the Sea Monster Cet, Ceti (SEE-tie)

16 Cetus Meaning: Pronunciation: Abbreviation: Possessive form: Asterisms: Bordering constellations: The Sea Monster (Whale) see' tus Cet Ceti (set' ee) The Head Overall brightness: (77) Central point: RA= 1h38m Dec. = Directional extremes: Messier objects: Meteor showers: Aquarius, Aries, Eridanus, Fornax, Pisces, Sculptor, Taurus N = +100 S = -25 E = 3h21m W = 23h55m M77 none Midnight culmination date: 15 Oct Bright stars: 3 (50), a (91) Named stars: Baten Kaitos (c), Deneb al Schemali (i), Deneb Kaitos (3), Diphda Kaffaljidhmah (y), Menkar (a), Mira (o) Near stars: UV Cet A-B (7),,r Cet (18), BD A-B (85), BD (141), X Cet (163), Wolf 124 (193) Size: Rank in size: square degrees (2.985% of the sky) Solar conjunction date: 17 Apr Visibility: completely visible from latitudes: S of +650 portions visible worldwide Visible stars: (number of stars brighter than magnitude 5.5): 58 Non-traditional 'mythology': This constellation has occasionally been referred to as the 'easy chair,' due to the similarity between the layout of its stars and a reclining chair. Interesting facts: (1) o Cet was the first variable star discovered and remains one of the most famous of all such stars in the sky. It is a red giant whose brightness at minimum is about 8th to 10th magnitude. At maximum, about 331 days later, it is usually as bright as 3rd or 4th magnitude. Once, in 1779, its brightness rivaled that of Aldebaran (a Tau) and as recently as 1969 its apparent magnitude was measured at 2.1. The variability of o Cet was noted by David Fabricius in Later, Hevelius gave it the name 'Mira,' which translated means 'the wonderful.' It is now known that Mira belongs to a class of stars known as pulsating variables, stars which vary in brightness due to changes in their size. (2) r Cet has become the focus of much attention in recent years. It is an individual solar-type star lying at a distance of only light years from Earth. Only one such star is closer - Ind, which is 11.2 light years away. These stars have been studied intensely by astronomers searching for planetary systems which may harbor intelligent life.

17 M77 Face-on spiral galaxy M77 lies a mere 47 million light-years away toward the aquatic constellation Cetus. At that estimated distance, the gorgeous island universe is about 100 thousand light-years across. Also known as NGC 1068, its compact and very bright core is well studied by astronomers exploring the mysteries of supermassive black holes in active Seyfert galaxies. M77 is also seen at x-ray, ultraviolet, infrared, and radio wavelengths. But this sharp visible light image based on Hubble data follows its winding spiral arms traced by obscuring dust clouds and red-tinted star forming regions close in to the galaxy's luminous core.

18 Triangulum (try-ang-gyuh-lum), the Triangle Tri, Trianguli (try-ang-gyuh-lye)

19 Triangulum Meaning: The Triangle Pronunciation: try ang' yoo lum Abbreviation: Tn Possessive form: Trianguli (try ang' yoo lee) Asterisms: none Bordering constellations: Andromeda, Aries, Perseus, Pisces Near stars: none Size: square degrees (0.320% of the sky) Rank in size: 78 Solar conjunction date: 24 Apr Visibility: completely visible from latitudes: N of 53 completely invisible from latitudes: S of 65 Overall brightness: (27) Central point: RA = 2h08m Dec.= +31 Directional extremes: N = +37 S = +25 E = 2h48m W = 1h29m Messier objects: M33 Meteor showers: none Midnight culmination date: 23 Oct Bright stars: P (166) Named stars: Caput Trianguli (a), Mothallah ((x) Visible stars:(number of stars brighter than magnitude 5.5): 12 Interesting facts: (1) Probably the hardest-to-see, bright deep-sky object is found within the boundaries of this constellation. This is M33, the Pinwheel Galaxy. It has a total light output equal to a star with magnitude 5.8, but even moderate instruments reveal scant detail. By far, the best views are through instruments using eyepieces which given low magnification. In extremely dark skies, this object can be glimpsed by some (including this writer) with the unaided eye, making it - and not M31 in Andromeda - the furthest object visible to the naked eye.

20 Hydrus (HIGH-drus), the Male Monster Hyi, Hydri (HIGH-dry)

21 Hydrus Meaning: Pronunciation: Abbreviation: Possessive form: Asterisms: The Southern Water Snake hi' druss Hyi Hydri (hide' ree) none Bordering constellations: Dorado, Eridanus, Horologium, Mensa, Octans, Reticulum, Tucana Overall brightness: (63) Central point: RA = 2h1 6m Dec. = 700 Directional extremes: Messier objects: Meteor showers: N = -58 S = 820 E = 4h33m W = 00h02m none none Size: Rank in size: square degrees (0.589% of the sky) Solar conjunction date: 26 Apr Visibility: completely visible from latitudes: S of +8 completely invisible from latitudes: N of +32 Visible stars:(number of stars brighter than magnitude 5.5): 14 Interesting facts: (1) This is one of 11 constellations invented by Pieter Dirksz Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, during the years (2) Hydrus is one of only two constellations whose abbreviation (Hyi) contains a letter ('i') not found in the constellation name. The other is Sagitta (Sge). Midnight culmination date: 26 Oct Bright stars: P (126), a (138) Named stars: none Near stars: P Hyi (71)

22 Aries (AIR-eez), the Ram Ari, Arietis (uh- RYE-ih-tiss)

23 Aries Meaning: The Ram Pronunciation: air' eeze Abbreviation: An Possessive form: Anietis (air ee' ay tiss) Asterisms: The Northern Fly Bordering constellations: Cetus, Perseus, Pisces, Taurus, Tniangulum Overall brightness: (53) Central point: RA = 2h35m Dec. = Directional extremes: N = +31 S = +10 E = 3h27m W = 1h44m Messier objects: none Meteor showers: Daytime Anietids (7 Jun) 8 Anietids (11 Dec) Size: Rank in size: 39 Solar conjunction date: square degrees (1.07% of the sky) 31 Apr Visibility: completely visible from latitudes: N of 59 completely inivisible from latitudes: S of 80 Visible stars: (number of stars brighten than magnitude 5.5): 28 Interesting facts: (1) y Anietis was one of the first double stars to be detected. It was discovered accidentally by Robert Hooke in He had been telescopically following a comet at the time. (2) About the year 27 BC, the 'First Point of Aries' moved from the constellation Aries into Pisces. This point, also known as the vernal equinox, marks the position of the sun on the ecliptic where it crosses the celestial equator heading north. Midnight culmination date: 30 Oct Bright stars: a (47), 3 (101) Named stars: Botein (8), Hamal (a), Mesanthim (y), Sheratan (3) Near stars: LFT 171 (34), LFT 215 (97), Ross 556 (114)

24 October 2015 Killeen, Texas Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Twi: 7:00am Sunrise: 7:24am Sunset: 7:17pm Twi: 7:42pm Moonrise: 10:21pm Moonset: 11:13am 8 Twi: 7:01am Sunrise: 7:25am Sunset: 7:16pm Twi: 7:40pm Moonrise: 11:13pm Moonset: 12:15pm 9 Twi: 7:01am Sunrise: 7:25am Sunset: 7:15pm Twi: 7:39pm Moonrise: none Moonset: 1:13pm 10 Twi: 7:02am Sunrise: 7:26am Sunset: 7:14pm Twi: 7:38pm Moonrise: 12:07am Moonset: 2:06pm Last Qtr: 4:07pm 11 Twi: 7:02am Sunrise: 7:27am Sunset: 7:12pm Twi: 7:37pm Moonrise: 1:01am Moonset: 2:53pm 12 Twi: 7:03am Sunrise: 7:27am Sunset: 7:11pm Twi: 7:35pm Moonrise: 1:56am Moonset: 3:36pm 13 Twi: 7:04am Sunrise: 7:28am Sunset: 7:10pm Twi: 7:34pm Moonrise: 2:50am Moonset: 4:16pm 14 Twi: 7:04am Sunrise: 7:28am Sunset: 7:09pm Twi: 7:33pm Moonrise: 3:43am Moonset: 4:52pm 15 Twi: 7:05am Sunrise: 7:29am Sunset: 7:08pm Twi: 7:32pm Moonrise: 4:35am Moonset: 5:26pm 16 Twi: 7:06am Sunrise: 7:30am Sunset: 7:06pm Twi: 7:31pm Moonrise: 5:27am Moonset: 5:59pm 17 Twi: 7:06am Sunrise: 7:30am Sunset: 7:05pm Twi: 7:29pm Moonrise: 6:19am Moonset: 6:32pm 18 Twi: 7:07am Sunrise: 7:31am Sunset: 7:04pm Twi: 7:28pm Moonrise: 7:11am Moonset: 7:06pm New Moon: 7:07pm 19 Twi: 7:07am Sunrise: 7:32am Sunset: 7:03pm Twi: 7:27pm Moonrise: 8:03am Moonset: 7:40pm 20 Twi: 7:08am Sunrise: 7:32am Sunset: 7:02pm Twi: 7:26pm Moonrise: 8:55am Moonset: 8:17pm 21 Twi: 7:09am Sunrise: 7:33am Sunset: 7:01pm Twi: 7:25pm Moonrise: 9:48am Moonset: 8:56pm 22 Twi: 7:09am Sunrise: 7:34am Sunset: 6:59pm Twi: 7:24pm Moonrise: 10:42am Moonset: 9:39pm 23 Twi: 7:10am Sunrise: 7:34am Sunset: 6:58pm Twi: 7:23pm Moonrise: 11:35am Moonset: 10:26pm 24 Twi: 7:11am Sunrise: 7:35am Sunset: 6:57pm Twi: 7:22pm Moonrise: 12:27pm Moonset: 11:17pm 25 Twi: 7:11am Sunrise: 7:36am Sunset: 6:56pm Twi: 7:21pm Moonrise: 1:18pm Moonset: none 26 Twi: 7:12am Sunrise: 7:37am Sunset: 6:55pm Twi: 7:20pm Moonrise: 2:07pm Moonset: 12:12am First Qtr: 3:32pm 27 Twi: 7:13am Sunrise: 7:37am Sunset: 6:54pm Twi: 7:18pm Moonrise: 2:54pm Moonset: 1:11am 28 Twi: 7:13am Sunrise: 7:38am Sunset: 6:53pm Twi: 7:17pm Moonrise: 3:39pm Moonset: 2:12am 29 Twi: 7:14am Sunrise: 7:39am Sunset: 6:52pm Twi: 7:16pm Moonrise: 4:22pm Moonset: 3:16am 30 Twi: 7:15am Sunrise: 7:40am Sunset: 6:51pm Twi: 7:15pm Moonrise: 5:05pm Moonset: 4:21am 31 Twi: 7:16am Sunrise: 7:40am Sunset: 6:50pm Twi: 7:14pm Moonrise: 5:48pm Moonset: 5:28am Twi: 7:16am Sunrise: 7:41am Sunset: 6:49pm Twi: 7:14pm Moonrise: 6:32pm Moonset: 6:36am Twi: 7:17am Sunrise: 7:42am Sunset: 6:48pm Twi: 7:13pm Moonrise: 7:18pm Moonset: 7:44am Full Moon: 7:06am Twi: 7:18am Sunrise: 7:43am Sunset: 6:47pm Twi: 7:12pm Moonrise: 8:07pm Moonset: 8:52am Twi: 7:19am Sunrise: 7:43am Sunset: 6:46pm Twi: 7:11pm Moonrise: 8:59pm Moonset: 9:57am Twi: 7:19am Sunrise: 7:44am Sunset: 6:45pm Twi: 7:10pm Moonrise: 9:54pm Moonset: 10:59am Twi: 7:20am Sunrise: 7:45am Sunset: 6:44pm Twi: 7:09pm Moonrise: 10:50pm Moonset: 11:56am