Characterization of Ionic Winds from Flames and Corona Discharges
|
|
- Myron Stephens
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Characterization of Ionic Winds from Flames and Corona Discharges Derek Dunn-Rankin Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California, Irvine California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA February 25, 2005
2 Creating Ionic Wind via Corona Negative DC Corona Discharge Chattock wind Ion wind Ionic wind EHD flow Electric wind 1 Td = V m 2 E = electric field strength (V/m) N = neutral density (1/m 3 ) Drawing not to scale from Chen and Davidson, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 23, No. 1, March 2003.
3 Ion Winds and The Electric Fly Wilson (1750) built spinning pinwheel Cavallo (1777) claims similar-charged air repels points does not work in vacuum Electric fly used to discuss ion wind theory: Michael Faraday (1838), James Clerk Maxwell (1873), among others Most recently discussed by Leonard Loeb in Electrical Coronas (1965) Electric fly motion can be observed before any wind motion spins at voltages well below breakdown
4 Rotational Speed Linear with Voltage 2000 Electric Fly Speeds 1500 RPM ABS Voltage (kv)
5 Applications of Ionic Winds Coronas Ionic Breeze fan and particle removal Air delivery without moving parts Electrostatic precipitator enhancement Heat transfer and evaporation Plasma actuators Flames Dynamic flame control Heat direction in microgravity Earth-based microbuoyancy
6 Ionic Wind Applications HV Sharperimage.com
7 PIV Experiment o Air vent HV 1 Laser 4 Ion wind generator 7 Mist-seeded airflow 2 Sheet optics 5 Mist canister 3 Camera 6 Rubber tubing Copper Vapor laser sync d to 2kHz camera captured high-speed video Camera shifted 45º forward of perpendicular to maximize intensity Personal Air Purifier electrodes powered by variable -HV power supply Water/glycerin mist traced air flow (seeded downstream of electrodes)
8 High-speed video HV=-10.3 kv (max before breakdown) shown for subtle nozzle ( ID = 9.5 mm ) Actual orientation: directly upwards Capture rate: 1,825 frames per second Real time elapsed during 500 images: 1/4 seconds Viewing rate: 25 frames per second Total time to view 500 images: 20 seconds
9 PIV results -- Velocity profile at exit kv Velocity [ m/s ] kv 8.9 kv 8.1 kv 7.4 kv 5.9 kv 4.4 kv r/r o
10 Point-to-Cylinder Ionic Wind X o Y o Charged needle -HV 2R Gas Flow V High Voltage Power Supply i Earthed ring Acrylic tube Nozzle (optional)
11 Optimizing the Ion Wind Stagnation Pressure [Pa] Xo = 0 [in] Xo = 0.25 Xo = Yo, Length of cylindrical ground electrode [ in ]
12 Flow Limit of Single Stage 8 8 Mean Velocity [ m/s ] Ideal Ideal is velocity needed to maintain 6.4 l/min flow rate as nozzle exit area decreases Volumetric Flow Rate [ SLPM ] Exit Area / Inlet Area 0
13 Stacking Stages to Increase Pressure
14 Multi-Stage Ion Blower
15 Pressure Delivered 5.5 Pa per stage
16 Staged System Performance Ionic Wind Fan Curves
17 Future Activities Swirl Generator ESP enhancement Microscale Gas Delivery Point of application flows All Electric Burner Modeling
18 Applications of Ionic Winds Coronas Ionic Breeze fan and particle removal Electrostatic precipitator enhancement Heat transfer and evaporation Plasma actuators Flames Dynamic flame control Heat direction in microgravity Earth-based microbuoyancy
19 Flame Derived Ion Wind Ions travel from the flame towards ground Electrons conduct through the flame to the capillary e - e - V Neutralization by electrons at the cathode
20 Force and Velocity from Ion Wind K is mobility of the charge carrier -- 1 cm 2 /s/v g is gravitational acceleration; ρ is the density x is the distance over which the field acts j is current density flame: 1 µa/ cm 2 F F e b = K j ρ g v e = ρ j K x Order of 1-2 Order of 1 m/s over 1 cm distance
21 Applied Potential (Volts) Effect on Small Diffusion Flame Methane fuel flowrate: 9 cc/min Capillary diameter: 1.7 mm Electrode Spacing: 7 cm Conditions 1. Naturally Buoyant 0 Volts 2. Microbuoyant 2880 Volts 3. Negatively buoyant 4300 Volts
22 Double Exposure Holographic Interferometry Images (setup #1) 0 Volts 2242 Volts 2765 Volts
23 Temperature (K) Degrees 5 Degrees 10 Degrees Diffusion Profile Temperature Profiles Radial Position (mm) Y X
24 Flame Current saturation plateau Current (microamps) Relative CH 430 nm Emission Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone Applied Potential (Volts) Zone 3 Zone 3 Saturation current can be characteristic of the flame Current provides a detection and/or decision opportunity (e.g., ion probe)
25 Toward Feedback Control y r Controller Σ e D(s) - Saturation Plant H(s) y what do we measure for feedback? CH* HV Amplifier earthed Computer lens 430nm filter iris Amplifier PMT commonly accepted that CH* is a good measure of the global heat release in a flame CH* emission is linearly related to the fuel flow rate the electronically excited states are confined to a thin region of the primary flame surface
26 Sine Tracking Desired Actual CH Chemiluminescence Time (sec) Applied Potential (kv)
27 Refined Apparatus Acrylic chamber Ion current measured at the cathode (ground plane) Temperature, pressure, and relative humidity are monitored Continuous running via air flushing THERMOCOUPLE & HYGROMETER CAMERA (VIDEO OR STILL) MICROSCOPE FUEL CAPILLARY HV FLAME EXHAUST SCRUBBER MANOMETER CERAMIC STANDOFFS R ref V probe DMM ELECTRODES INLET DIFFUSER Earthed AIR INLET (optional)
28 Schlieren Imaging Illustrates Complexity Identify buoyancy regimes IRIS LIGHT SOURCE Determine relative electrical characteristics between fuels Z-type schlieren apparatus MIRROR (f = 48 in) 6 in MIRROR (f = 48 in) Conventional and high speed video VIDEO CAMERA VELLUM SCREEN LENS LENS KNIFE EDGE OR IRIS Z TYPE SCHLIEREN APPARATUS Ethane Fuel [12.7 mg/min] 1000 V Buoyant (negligible current) 2000 V under balanced (subsaturated) 2400 V Balanced condition (saturation) 3000 V Partially neg-buoyant (some 2 nd ary ionization) 5300 V Negatively buoyant (much 2 nd ary ionization)
29 Ion Current Profiles Point-to to-plane distribution (Warburg Law) = cos 5 Θ Integrated current provides ion density boundary conditon Current distribution for model validation new data set 2 new data set 3 Jan 21 data Warburg Law HV 0.4 INSULATED ION PROBE 0.2 TRAVERSE V probe R probe DMM Radius [mm] Earthed R ground plane
30 j( θ) Warburg curve Electric force Point to Plane Does not Produce Uniform Balance θ 800 Temp( θ) Temperature Inverse of buoyant force θ 0.5 Balance condition F ratio ( θ) Force ratio F e /F b θ
31 Numerical Simulation Gauss s Law 2 V = ρ e = ε o ce ε o Momentum Mass Energy Ion concentration u T ρ ρ 1 t T ρ t ρ c t ( c T ) p t ( u ) u = P o ρ g ( µ u) cee ( ρu) = 0 ρu o ( c T ) = u P ( k T ) p ( u ) c = ( D c cek V )
32 Computational Model FEMLAB simulation Finite element method General equation solver Staged solution 1. Electrokinetic (V, c) 2. Electrodynamic (V, c) 3. Hot flow (V, u, v, P, T, c) 2-D axisymmetric Assumptions Balance condition Isotropic Fickian diffusion Single ion species (positive ions) Temperature is constant within the flame (hot flow) Uniform ion concentration at the flame Ion properties are of H 3 O AXIAL DIRECTION Symmetry boundary R cap (0.5 mm) R flame (3.0 mm) h cap Anode boundary 63.5 mm Cathode boundary Gravity direction Infinite condition RADIAL DIRECTION
33 Electrokinetic Potential Field Ion motion is decoupled from the field (electrokinetic assumption) Flux pathlines illustrate no flux beyond 20 mm away from the centerline
34 Normalized ion current h=60mm 13.8mg/min h=35mm 13.8mg/min norm uniform ion concentration ekf D/K = 1000 ekf D/K = 100 ekf D/K = 10 ekf D/K = Radius [mm] Role of Ion Diffusion Diffusivity is varied to match experimental profile D(T) varies by a factor of approx 20 from K Results True D/K approximately 1 V Ion drift speed more than 1000 times diffusion velocity Ion diffusion cannot account for measured profile Space charge dispersion is significant Diffusivity (cm 2 /s) Diffusivity [m 2 /s] D i, air = 10 T Temperature [K]
35 Including Space Charge Effects Gauss s law is solved including space charge Space charge drives ions to travel further from the centerline
36 Effect of Ion Concentration 1 Normalized ion current h=60mm 13.8mg/min h=35mm 13.8mg/min 1e8 ions/cc K D(T) 3kV 1e9 ions/cc K= D(T) 3kV 1e10 ions/cc K= D(T) 3kV 1e12 ions/cc K= D(T) 3kV Radius [mm] Overall ion concentration in flame is varied Lower concentration (10 8 ions/cc) profile narrows Higher concentration ( ions/cc) profile broadens
37 Buoyant Flow Preliminary Results
38 Hot Flow at Balance Preliminary Results c = 10 9 ions/cc V = 2800 Volts
39 Flame Derived Ion Wind V Ions travel from the flame towards ground Electrons conduct through the flame to the capillary High ion concentration at the center decreasing radially outward Induced electric field (causes horiz. migration) e - e - Neutralization by electrons at the cathode Re-circulation driven by neutralized buoyant gas redirection Source of unstable T and O2 Observed in shadowgraphs
40 Final Thoughts Ionic winds produce modest flows (a few m/s) with no moving parts Positive and negative polarity produces flow in the same direction (allows AC approaches) Efficiencies (flow power out/electrical power in) are low but not far worse than standard fans at small sizes Flame source ion winds require far less electrical energy (100 times less) than corona winds Optimizing ionic wind systems should be possible by modeling systems with various ground plane geometries
41 Acknowledgments Matt Rickard (ionic wind) and Mike Papac (electric flame) current UCI graduate student researchers Ben Strayer (flame control) and Jonathan Posner (holographic interferometry) past UCI graduate students Prof. Felix Weinberg and Dr. Fred Carleton Imperial College NASA Microgravity Combustion Program
Surface corona discharge along an insulating flat plate in air applied to electrohydrodynamically airflow control : electrical properties
Surface corona discharge along an insulating flat plate in air applied to electrohydrodynamically airflow control : electrical properties E Moreau (1), G Artana (2), G Touchard (1) (1) Laboratoire d Etudes
More informationTransition of laminar pre-mixed flames to turbulence - induced by sub-breakdown applied voltage
Transition of laminar pre-mixed flames to turbulence - induced by sub-breakdown applied voltage Biswa N. Ganguly Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory WPAFB OH USA and Jacob Schmidt
More informationCorona Wind Visualization in an Asymmetric Capacitor using Liquid Nitrogen
Proc. 2012 Joint Electrostatics Conference 1 Corona Wind Visualization in an Asymmetric Capacitor using Liquid Nitrogen Adrian Ieta 1, Zachariah Schrecengost 1, Marius Chirita* 2, and Jacob Mills 1 1 Dept.
More informationAn Estimation for Relaxation Characteristics of an Ionizer Ion Cloud Density Transferred through a Pipe via Hyperbolic Law
P. An Estimation for Relaxation Characteristics of an Ionizer Ion Cloud Density Transferred through a Pipe via Hyperbolic Law Yoshinari Fukada, Takashi Yasukawa, and Kyoko Yatsuzuka Abstract In an ionizer
More informationLaminar Diffusion Flame Shapes Under Earth- Gravity and Microgravity Conditions
Laminar Diffusion Flame Shapes Under Earth- Gravity and Microgravity Conditions Jason Abshire Graduate Research Assistant Sivakumar Krishnan Assistant Professor, (Advisor) 1 Outline Motivation, Background,
More information2. THEORY. 2.1 Electrostatic Precipitator
7 2. THEORY 2.1 Electrostatic Precipitator Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) is a particulate collection device which uses electrostatic force to remove or separate the particles from a gas stream. Initially,
More informationLow Voltage Ionic Wind Generation using Piezoelectric Transformers
Proc. ESA Annual Meeting on Electrostatics 2015 1 Low Voltage Ionic Wind Generation using Piezoelectric Transformers Michael Johnson¹, Mark MacDonald 2, David B. Go 1 1 Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical
More informationA simple electric thruster based on ion charge exchange
A simple electric thruster based on ion charge exchange IEPC-2007-35 Presented at the 30 th International Electric Propulsion Conference, Florence, Italy Joe Khachan and Lachlan Blackhall University of
More informationLecture 9 Laminar Diffusion Flame Configurations
Lecture 9 Laminar Diffusion Flame Configurations 9.-1 Different Flame Geometries and Single Droplet Burning Solutions for the velocities and the mixture fraction fields for some typical laminar flame configurations.
More informationMeasurement of wettability for polymer materials using non-contact surface resistivity
Proc. 26 Electrostatics Joint Conference Measurement of wettability for polymer materials using non-contact surface resistivity tester Toshiyuki Sugimoto, Takuya Aoki Graduate school of Science and Engineering
More informationENHANCEMENT OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN INTERNAL FLOWS USING AN ELECTRICALLY-INDUCED CORONA JET
ENHANCEMENT OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN INTERNAL FLOWS USING AN ELECTRICALLY-INDUCED CORONA JET Reza Baghaei Lakeh Ph.D. Candidate PRESENTATION OUTLINE Corona Discharge Corona Wind and Ion-Drag Flows
More informationExperimental Studies of Ion Beam Neutralization: Preliminary Results
Experimental Studies of Ion Beam Neutralization: Preliminary Results N. Ding, J. Polansky, R. Downey and J. Wang Department of Astronautical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA
More informationEHD flow produced by positive and negative point-to-plate corona discharges
Proc. 2018 Electrostatics Joint Conference 1 EHD flow produced by positive and negative point-to-plate corona discharges Eric Moreau, Patrick Braud, Etienne Defoort, Nicolas Benard University of Poitiers,
More informationAIAA Low-Temperature Supersonic Boundary Layer Control Using Repetitively Pulsed MHD Forcing. Munetake Nishihara, Naibo Jiang,
AIAA 2005-5178 Low-Temperature Supersonic Boundary Layer Control Using Repetitively Pulsed MHD Forcing Munetake Nishihara, Naibo Jiang, J. William Rich, Walter R. Lempert, Igor V. Adamovich Dept. of Mechanical
More informationElectric Field Measurements in Atmospheric Pressure Electric Discharges
70 th Gaseous Electronics Conference Pittsburgh, PA, November 6-10, 2017 Electric Field Measurements in Atmospheric Pressure Electric Discharges M. Simeni Simeni, B.M. Goldberg, E. Baratte, C. Zhang, K.
More informationBasic Study on the Generation of RF Plasmas in Premixed Oxy-combustion with Methane
Basic Study on the Generation of RF Plasmas in Premixed Oxy-combustion with Methane Yugo OSAKA, Noriyuki KOBAYASHI 1), M.A.RAZZAK 2), Noriyasu OHNO 1), Shuichi TAKAMURA 3) and Yoshihiko UESUGI 4) Department
More informationFLASH CHAMBER OF A QUASI-CONTINUOUS VOLUME SOURCE OF NEGATIVE IONS
FLASH CHAMBER OF A QUASI-CONTINUOUS VOLUME SOURCE OF NEGATIVE IONS P.A. Litvinov, V.A. Baturin * Institute of Applied Physics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 58 Petropavlovskaya St. Sumy, 40030
More informationEnhanced EHD and Electrostatic Propulsion Devices Based on Polarization Effect Using Asymmetrical Metal Structure
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 015; 3(4): 76-86 Published online July 4, 015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jeee) doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.0150304.13 ISSN: 39-1613 (Print); ISSN:
More informationReport on Visit to Ruhr University Bochum by International Training Program From October 1st to November 29th 2010
Report on Visit to Ruhr University Bochum by International Training Program From October 1st to November 29th 2010 Graduate school of Engineering, Hori-Sekine Lab. Doctor course student Yusuke Abe Ruhr
More informationMS Goals and Applications. MS Goals and Applications
MS Goals and Applications 3 Several variations on a theme, three common steps Form gas-phase ions choice of ionization method depends on sample identity and information required Separate ions on basis
More informationFigure 1, Schematic Illustrating the Physics of Operation of a Single-Stage Hall 4
A Proposal to Develop a Double-Stage Hall Thruster for Increased Efficiencies at Low Specific-Impulses Peter Y. Peterson Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory (PEPL) Aerospace Engineering The
More informationFlow Structure Investigations in a "Tornado" Combustor
Flow Structure Investigations in a "Tornado" Combustor Igor Matveev Applied Plasma Technologies, Falls Church, Virginia, 46 Serhiy Serbin National University of Shipbuilding, Mikolayiv, Ukraine, 545 Thomas
More informationFLOW CONTROL USING DBD PLASMA ON BACKWARD-FACING STEP
28 TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES FLOW CONTROL USING DBD PLASMA ON BACKWARD-FACING STEP Jiwoon Song* * Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Korea dolguard@yonsei.ac.kr
More informationSTRONG DOUBLE LAYER STRUCTURE IN THERMIONIC VACUUM ARC PLASMA *
STRONG DOUBLE LAYER STRUCTURE IN THERMIONIC VACUUM ARC PLASMA * V. TIRON 1, L. MIHAESCU 1, C.P. LUNGU 2 and G. POPA 1 1 Faculty of Physics, Al. I. Cuza University, 700506, Iasi, Romania 2 National Institute
More informationPARTICULATES #1. Introduction
Introduction PARTICULATES #1 Ash-forming elements in fuels Particulate emission standards Options for particulate control emissions Gravity settlers Gas cyclones Electrostatic precipitators see: www.hut.fi/~rzevenho/gasbook
More informationPhysics Jonathan Dowling. Final Exam Review
Physics 2102 Jonathan Dowling Physics 2102 Final Exam Review A few concepts: electric force, field and potential Electric force: What is the force on a charge produced by other charges? What is the force
More informationMass Spectrometry in MCAL
Mass Spectrometry in MCAL Two systems: GC-MS, LC-MS GC seperates small, volatile, non-polar material MS is detection devise (Agilent 320-MS TQ Mass Spectrometer) Full scan monitoring SIM single ion monitoring
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF CFD MODEL FOR A SWIRL STABILIZED SPRAY COMBUSTOR
DRAFT Proceedings of ASME IMECE: International Mechanical Engineering Conference & Exposition Chicago, Illinois Nov. 5-10, 2006 IMECE2006-14867 DEVELOPMENT OF CFD MODEL FOR A SWIRL STABILIZED SPRAY COMBUSTOR
More informationReduction of Turbulence via Feedback in a Dipole Confined Plasma. Thomas Max Roberts Applied Physics Applied Mathematics Columbia University
Reduction of Turbulence via Feedback in a Dipole Confined Plasma Thomas Max Roberts Applied Physics Applied Mathematics Columbia University Outline Dipole Confinement Physics The Collisionless Terrella
More informationCHARACTERISTICS OF ELLIPTIC CO-AXIAL JETS
ELECTRIC POWER 2003 March 4-6, 2003 George R Brown Convention Center, Houston, TX EP 03 Session 07C: Fuels, Combustion and Advanced Cycles - Part II ASME - FACT Division CHARACTERISTICS OF ELLIPTIC CO-AXIAL
More informationAir Force Research Laboratory
Air Force Research Laboratory Air Force Research Laboratory Plasma Excited Oxygen Effects on Combustion and Perspectives on Applications to High-Speed Propulsion Date: 10 November 2011 Integrity Service
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. Millikan determined the charge on individual oil droplets using an arrangement as represented in the diagram. The plate voltage necessary to hold a charged droplet stationary
More informationThe Q Machine. 60 cm 198 cm Oven. Plasma. 6 cm 30 cm. 50 cm. Axial. Probe. PUMP End Plate Magnet Coil. Filament Cathode. Radial. Hot Plate.
1 The Q Machine 60 cm 198 cm Oven 50 cm Axial Probe Plasma 6 cm 30 cm PUMP End Plate Magnet Coil Radial Probe Hot Plate Filament Cathode 2 THE Q MACHINE 1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A Q MACHINE A Q machine
More informationLiquid Feed Injection in a High Density Riser
Refereed Proceedings The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering Engineering Conferences International Year 2007 Liquid Feed Injection in a High Density
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF A DC PLASMA WITH HOLLOW CATHODE EFFECT
Romanian Reports in Phisics, Vol. 56, No., P. 71-76, 004 CHARACTERIZATION OF A DC PLASMA WITH HOLLOW CATHODE EFFECT A. R. PETRE 1, M. BÃZÃVAN 1, V. COVLEA 1, V.V. COVLEA 1, ISABELLA IOANA OPREA, H. ANDREI
More informationWhat will the electric field be like inside the cavity?
What will the electric field be like inside the cavity? 1. There is no charge inside the gaussian surface so E = 0 2. There is no net flux through the surface but there is an E field 3. Gauss s law doesn
More informationParticle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Airflow in Electrohydrodynamic Device for Dust Particle Collection
82 International Journal of Plasma Environmental Science & Technology, Vol.7, No.1, MARCH 2013 Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Airflow in Electrohydrodynamic Device for Dust Particle Collection
More informationLesson 3. Electric Potential. Capacitors Current Electricity
Electric Potential Lesson 3 Potential Differences in a Uniform Electric Field Electric Potential and Potential Energy The Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment Capacitors Current Electricity Ohm s Laws Resistance
More informationElectrical Discharges Characterization of Planar Sputtering System
International Journal of Recent Research and Review, Vol. V, March 213 ISSN 2277 8322 Electrical Discharges Characterization of Planar Sputtering System Bahaa T. Chaid 1, Nathera Abass Ali Al-Tememee 2,
More informationExplanation of dynamical Biefeld-Brown Effect from the standpoint of ZPF field
INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF ASTRONAUTICS Missions to the outer solar system and beyond FIFTH IAA SYMPOSIUM ON REALISTIC NEAR-TERM ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC SPACE MISSIONS Aosta, Italy, July -4, 007 Explanation
More informationEFFECTS OF DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC FIELD ON THE BLOWOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF BLUFF-BODY STABILIZED CONICAL PREMIXED FLAMES
Combust. Sci. and Tech., 177: 1291 1304, 2005 Copyright Q Taylor & Francis Inc. ISSN: 0010-2202 print/1563-521x online DOI: 10.1080/00102200590950476 EFFECTS OF DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC FIELD ON THE BLOWOFF
More informationMAGNETIC NOZZLE PLASMA EXHAUST SIMULATION FOR THE VASIMR ADVANCED PROPULSION CONCEPT
MAGNETIC NOZZLE PLASMA EXHAUST SIMULATION FOR THE VASIMR ADVANCED PROPULSION CONCEPT ABSTRACT A. G. Tarditi and J. V. Shebalin Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX
More information2101 Atomic Spectroscopy
2101 Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic identification Atomic spectroscopy refers to the absorption and emission of ultraviolet to visible light by atoms and monoatomic ions. It is best used to analyze metals.
More informationContents. 2. Fluids. 1. Introduction
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Fluids 3. Physics of Microfluidic Systems 4. Microfabrication Technologies 5. Flow Control 6. Micropumps 7. Sensors 8. Ink-Jet Technology 9. Liquid Handling 10.Microarrays 11.Microreactors
More informationNumerical Simulation of Corona Discharge in Compressed Gases with the Effect of EHD Flow
Proc. ESA Annual Meeting on Electrostatics 28, Paper C2 1 Numerical Simulation of Corona Discharge in Compressed Gases with the Effect of EHD Flow Lin Zhao 1 and Kazimierz Adamiak 2 1 Electrical and Computer
More informationGeneric Detector. Layers of Detector Systems around Collision Point
Generic Detector Layers of Detector Systems around Collision Point Tracking Detectors Observe particle trajectories in space with as little disturbance as possible 2 use a thin ( gm. cm ) detector Scintillators
More informationField-Free Atmospheric Ionization: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization & Electrospray
Field-Free Atmospheric Ionization: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization & Electrospray Edward W. Sheehan 1, Ross C. Willoughby 1, Robert Classon 2, and Dan Dodgen 2 1 Chem-Space Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh,
More information1 AT/P5-05. Institute of Applied Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sumy, Ukraine
1 AT/P5-05 H - Ion Source with Inverse Gas Magnetron Geometry for SNS Project V.A. Baturin, P.A. Litvinov, S.A. Pustovoitov, A.Yu. Karpenko Institute of Applied Physics, National Academy of Sciences of
More informationStudy on the influence that the number of positive ion sources has in the propulsion efficiency of an asymmetric capacitor in nitrogen gas
Study on the influence that the number of positive ion sources has in the propulsion efficiency of an asymmetric capacitor in nitrogen gas A A Martins 1 and M J Pinheiro 2 1 Institute for Plasmas and Nuclear
More informationAn Essential Requirement in CV Based Industrial Appliances.
Measurement of Flow P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department An Essential Requirement in CV Based Industrial Appliances. Mathematics of Flow Rate The Scalar Product of two vectors, namely
More informationCEE 452/652. Week 13, Lecture 1 Electrostatic Precipitators. Dr. Dave DuBois Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute
CEE 452/652 Week 13, Lecture 1 Electrostatic Precipitators Dr. Dave DuBois Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute Today s topics Today s topic: Electrostatic Precipitators Read chapter
More informationEFFECT OF DISTRIBUTION OF VOLUMETRIC HEAT GENERATION ON MODERATOR TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
EFFECT OF DISTRIBUTION OF VOLUMETRIC HEAT GENERATION ON MODERATOR TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION A. K. Kansal, P. Suryanarayana, N. K. Maheshwari Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
More informationDrag Reduction in Flow Separation. Using Plasma Actuator in a Cylinder Model
Drag Reduction in Flow Separation Using Plasma Actuator in a Cylinder Model Harinaldi1, a, Budiarso1, b, James Julian2, c,*, Andika. W.S2, d 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering
More information!! +! 2!! +!"!! =!! +! 2!! +!"!! +!!"!"!"
Homework 4 Solutions 1. (15 points) Bernoulli s equation can be adapted for use in evaluating unsteady flow conditions, such as those encountered during start- up processes. For example, consider the large
More informationMS Goals and Applications. MS Goals and Applications
MS Goals and Applications 1 Several variations on a theme, three common steps Form gas-phase ions choice of ionization method depends on sample identity and information required Separate ions on basis
More informationAnalysis of a Corona-Discharge Based Electrostatic Motor
6 International Journal of Plasma Environmental Science & Technology, Vol.8, No.1, APRIL 214 Analysis of a Corona-Discharge Based Electrostatic Motor M. Abdel-Salam, A. Ahmed, H. Ziedan, and F. Diab Electrical
More informationSection 1: Electric Fields
PHY 132 Outline of Lecture Notes i Section 1: Electric Fields A property called charge is part of the basic nature of protons and electrons. Large scale objects become charged by gaining or losing electrons.
More information4 Mechanics of Fluids (I)
1. The x and y components of velocity for a two-dimensional flow are u = 3.0 ft/s and v = 9.0x ft/s where x is in feet. Determine the equation for the streamlines and graph representative streamlines in
More informationAssessment of the Azimuthal Homogeneity of the Neutral Gas in a Hall Effect Thruster using Electron Beam Fluorescence
Assessment of the Azimuthal Homogeneity of the Neutral Gas in a Hall Effect Thruster using Electron Beam Fluorescence IEPC-2015-91059 / ISTS-2015-b-91059 Presented at Joint Conference of 30th International
More informationRecent Status of Polarized Electron Sources at Nagoya University
Recent Status of Polarized Electron Sources at Nagoya University M. Kuwahara, N. Yamamoto, F. Furuta, T. Nakanishi, S. Okumi, M. Yamamoto, M. Kuriki *, T. Ujihara ** and K. Takeda ** Graduate School of
More informationHelicon Plasma Thruster Experiment Controlling Cross-Field Diffusion within a Magnetic Nozzle
Helicon Plasma Thruster Experiment Controlling Cross-Field Diffusion within a Magnetic Nozzle IEPC-2013-163 Presented at the 33rd International Electric Propulsion Conference, The George Washington University
More informationLab Section Date. ME4751 Air Flow Rate Measurement
Name Lab Section Date ME4751 Air Flow Rate Measurement Objective The objective of this experiment is to determine the volumetric flow rate of air flowing through a pipe using a Pitot-static tube and a
More informationELECTROSTATIC FIELDS
ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS Electric charge Ordinary matter is made up of atoms which have positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons surrounding them. A body can become charged if it loses or
More informationDetermination of Avogadro s Number via Electrolysis
Determination of Avogadro s Number via Electrolysis EXPERIMENT 14 Prepared by Edward L. Brown, Lee University and Verrill M. Norwood, Cleveland State Community College To determine the value of Avogadro
More informationContents: 1) IEC and Helicon 2) What is HIIPER? 3) Analysis of Helicon 4) Coupling of the Helicon and the IEC 5) Conclusions 6) Acknowledgments
Contents: 1) IEC and Helicon 2) What is HIIPER? 3) Analysis of Helicon 4) Coupling of the Helicon and the IEC 5) Conclusions 6) Acknowledgments IEC:! IEC at UIUC modified into a space thruster.! IEC has
More informationChapter 25. Electric Potential
Chapter 25 Electric Potential Electric Potential Electromagnetism has been connected to the study of forces in previous chapters. In this chapter, electromagnetism will be linked to energy. By using an
More informationCHAPTER 7 ELECTRODYNAMICS
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRODYNAMICS Outlines 1. Electromotive Force 2. Electromagnetic Induction 3. Maxwell s Equations Michael Faraday James C. Maxwell 2 Summary of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics ρ/ε This semester,
More informationExperimental Study on the Non-reacting Flowfield of a Low Swirl Burner
Experimental Study on the Non-reacting Flowfield of a Low Swirl Burner Hang Yin & Ren Dai School of Energy and Powering Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Box 25, 516# Jungong
More informationStudy of DC Cylindrical Magnetron by Langmuir Probe
WDS'2 Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part II, 76 8, 22. ISBN 978-737825 MATFYZPRESS Study of DC Cylindrical Magnetron by Langmuir Probe A. Kolpaková, P. Kudrna, and M. Tichý Charles University Prague,
More informationChapter 23 Electric Potential. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 23 Electric Potential Units of Chapter 23 Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field Electric Potential Due to Point Charges Potential
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE MODULE 7 NATURE OF LIGHT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES SPECTRA PRODUCED BY DISCHARGE TUBES CATHODE RAYS (electron beams) Streams of electrons (negatively charged particles) observed in vacuum
More informationA Thesis. Submitted to the Graduate School. of the University of Notre Dame. in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements.
COUNTER-FLOW IONIC WIND FOR HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science
More informationExperimental Studies of EHD lifters
Proc. ESA Annual Meeting on Electrostatics 2011 1 Experimental Studies of EHD lifters Lia Koziell 1, Lin Zhao 2, Jonathan Liaw 3 and Kazimierz Adamiak 4 1,2,3 Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept, Gannon
More informationExperiments with a Supported Dipole
Experiments with a Supported Dipole Reporting Measurements of the Interchange Instability Excited by Electron Pressure and Centrifugal Force Introduction Ben Levitt and Dmitry Maslovsky Collisionless Terrella
More informationInvestigation of fluid flow around a cylinder with EHD actuation on inclined plates behind the cylinder
Investigation of fluid flow around a cylinder with EHD actuation on inclined plates behind the cylinder S. Reza-zadeh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University (HSU), Sabzevar, Iran
More informationModeling of Direct Gas Injection in Internal Combustion Engines
Modeling of Direct Gas Injection in Internal Combustion Engines A. Y. Deshmukh 1, C. Giefer 1, M. Khosravi 2, H. Pitsch 1 1 Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University 2 Ford Research and
More informationInterface (backside) & Extraction Lens
Plasma Interface Interface (backside) & Extraction Lens Extraction Lens (-2000 volts) ION OPTICS Tip of the sampler cone is positioned to be in the region of maximum ionization Ions no longer under control
More informationEnergy conversion in transient molecular plasmas:
Plenary lecture, 13 th International Conference on Flow Dynamics October 10-12, 2016, Sendai, Japan Energy conversion in transient molecular plasmas: Implications for plasma flow control and plasma assisted
More informationThe fast model for ionic wind simulation
Andrey Samusenko, Yury Stishkov, Polina Zhidkova The fast model for ionic wind simulation Research and Educational Center Electrophysics Saint Petersburg State University Faculty of Physics Ionic wind
More informationPARTICLE MOTION IN WATER-PARTICLE, GAS-PARTICLE AND GAS-DROPLET TWO-PHASE FLOWS
ISTP-6, 5, PRAGUE 6 TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRANSPORT PHENOMENA PARTICLE MOTION IN WATER-PARTICLE, GAS-PARTICLE AND GAS-DROPLET TWO-PHASE FLOWS Tsuneaki ISHIMA*, Masaaki YOKOTA**, Toshimichi ARAI***,
More informationModeling of an EHD corona flow in nitrogen gas using an asymmetric capacitor for propulsion. Abstract. Introduction
Modeling of an EHD corona flow in nitrogen gas using an asymmetric capacitor for propulsion Alexandre A. Martins Institute for Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion & Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais,
More informationQuiz Fun! This box contains. 1. a net positive charge. 2. no net charge. 3. a net negative charge. 4. a positive charge. 5. a negative charge.
Quiz Fun! This box contains 1. a net positive charge. 2. no net charge. 3. a net negative charge. 4. a positive charge. 5. a negative charge. Quiz Fun! This box contains 1. a net positive charge. 2. no
More informationDigital Holographic Measurement of Nanometric Optical Excitation on Soft Matter by Optical Pressure and Photothermal Interactions
Ph.D. Dissertation Defense September 5, 2012 Digital Holographic Measurement of Nanometric Optical Excitation on Soft Matter by Optical Pressure and Photothermal Interactions David C. Clark Digital Holography
More informationEFFECT OF WALL JET ON OSCILLATION MODE OF IMPINGING JET
EFFECT OF WALL JET ON OSCILLATION MODE OF IMPINGING JET Y. Sakakibara 1, M. Endo 2, and J. Iwamoto 3 ABSTRACT When an axisymmetric underexpanded jet impinges on a flat plate perpendicularly, the feedback
More informationEXPERIMENTS WITH RELEASE AND IGNITION OF HYDROGEN GAS IN A 3 M LONG CHANNEL
EXPERIMENTS WITH RELEASE AND IGNITION OF HYDROGEN GAS IN A 3 M LONG CHANNEL Sommersel, O. K. 1, Bjerketvedt, D. 1, Vaagsaether, K. 1, and Fannelop, T.K. 1, 2 1 Department of Technology, Telemark University
More informationAN ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS AFFECTING VOLUMETRIC AIRFLOW AND EFFICIENCY OF AN IONIC AIR MOVING DEVICE
AN ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS AFFECTING VOLUMETRIC AIRFLOW AND EFFICIENCY OF AN IONIC AIR MOVING DEVICE A thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Western Carolina University in partial fulfillment
More informationInvestigation of electrode arrangement on ionic wind velocity for hole-type electrostatic precipitator
Air Pollution XXII 177 Investigation of electrode arrangement on ionic wind velocity for hole-type electrostatic precipitator H. Kawakami 1, T. Inui 1, T. Sato 2, Y. Ehara 2 & A. Zukeran 3 1 Fuji Electric
More informationFlight Demonstration of Electrostatic Thruster Under Micro-Gravity
Flight Demonstration of Electrostatic Thruster Under Micro-Gravity Shin SATORI*, Hiroyuki MAE**, Hiroyuki OKAMOTO**, Ted Mitsuteru SUGIKI**, Yoshinori AOKI # and Atsushi NAGATA # * Hokkaido Institute of
More informationMEASUREMENT OF THE ION DRAG FORCE IN A COMPLEX DC- PLASMA USING THE PK-4 EXPERIMENT
MEASUREMENT OF THE ION DRAG FORCE IN A COMPLEX DC- PLASMA USING THE PK-4 EXPERIMENT M.H.THOMA 1, H. HÖFNER 1, S. A. KHRAPAK 1, M. KRETSCHMER 1, R.A. QUINN 1, S. RATYNSKAIA 1, G.E. MORFILL 1, A. USACHEV,
More informationDependency of Gabor Lens Focusing Characteristics on Nonneutral Plasma Properties
Dependency of Gabor Lens Focusing Characteristics on Nonneutral Plasma Properties Kathrin Schulte HIC for FAIR Workshop Riezlern, 14.03.2013 Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 1.1. Relevant to know about Gabor lenses...or
More informationMAGNETIC DIPOLE INFLATION WITH CASCADED ARC AND APPLICATIONS TO MINI-MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA PROPULSION
MAGNETIC DIPOLE INFLATION WITH CASCADED ARC AND APPLICATIONS TO MINI-MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA PROPULSION L. Giersch *, R. Winglee, J. Slough, T. Ziemba, P. Euripides, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
More informationInfluence of Electrode Configuration of a Liquid Propellant PPT on its Performance
Influence of Electrode Configuration of a Liquid Propellant PPT on its Performance IEPC-- /ISTS--b- Presented at Joint Conference of th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science th International
More informationComsol Multiphysics 在低溫電漿模擬之應用 ~My Little Journal with Simulation
Comsol Multiphysics 在低溫電漿模擬之應用 ~My Little Journal with Simulation 多重物理 CAE 分析軟體 COMSOL Multiphysics CONFERENCE 用戶研討會 Nov 9, 2012 台灣大學化工系徐振哲 Start of Plasma Plasma: ionized gas with equal amount of positive
More informationSTATIC ELECTRICITY & CAPACITANCE: Solutions to higher level questions
STATIC ELECTRICITY & CAPACITANCE: Solutions to higher level questions 2015 Question 8 (i) Define electric field strength. E = force per unit charge (ii) Draw a labelled diagram of a gold leaf electroscope.
More informationTrends in plasma applications
3 International Conference on Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology Trends in plasma applications R. Barni Centro PlasmaPrometeo Bangkok 5 March 27 Plasma processing Trends towards atmospheric pressure:
More informationJournal of Electrostatics
Journal of Electrostatics xxx (20) e5 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Electrostatics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/elstat Effect of relative humidity on currentevoltage
More informationHybrid Resistive-Capacitive and Ion Drift Model for Solid Gas Dielectrics
Hybrid Resistive-Capacitive and Ion Drift Model for Solid Gas Dielectrics N. Lavesson *1 and C. B. Doiron 2 1 ABB Corporate Research, Västerås, Sweden, 2 ABB Corporate Research, Dättwil, Switzerland *Corresponding
More informationLecture 8 Laminar Diffusion Flames: Diffusion Flamelet Theory
Lecture 8 Laminar Diffusion Flames: Diffusion Flamelet Theory 8.-1 Systems, where fuel and oxidizer enter separately into the combustion chamber. Mixing takes place by convection and diffusion. Only where
More informationAn Interferometric Force Probe for Thruster Plume Diagnostics
An Interferometric Force Probe for Thruster Plume Diagnostics IEPC-2015-419/ISTS-2015-b-419 Presented at Joint Conference of 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, 34th International
More informationHuashun Zhang. Ion Sources. With 187 Figures and 26 Tables Э SCIENCE PRESS. Springer
Huashun Zhang Ion Sources With 187 Figures and 26 Tables Э SCIENCE PRESS Springer XI Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Major Applications and Requirements 1 1.2 Performances and Research Subjects 1 1.3 Historical
More information