Momentum Problems. What is the total momentum of the two-object system that is shown after the expansion of the spring?

Transcription

1 Name: ate: 1. The diagram here shows a 1-kilogram aluminum sphere and a 3-kilogram copper sphere of equal radius located 20 meters above the ground. 4. The diagram shown represents two objects at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface with a spring compressed between them. When the compressed spring is released, the two objects are pushed apart. What is the total momentum of the two-object system that is shown after the expansion of the spring? Just before striking the ground, the speed of the copper sphere is 20 meters per second. What is the momentum of the copper sphere? A. 20 kg-m/s B. 10 kg-m/s. 5.0 kg-m/s. 0 kg-m/s A. 10 kg-m/sec B. 20 kg-m/sec. 60 kg-m/sec. 600 kg-m/sec 5. What is the velocity of the 2.0-kilogram object that is shown after being acted on by 10 newton-seconds of impulse? 2. When objects exert forces on each other, the total momentum of the system A. decreases B. increases. remains the same 3. In the diagram shown, a 10-kilogram ball is fired with a velocity of 500 meters per second from a 1,000-kilogram cannon. What is the recoil velocity of the cannon? A. 1.0 m/s B. 2.0 m/s. 5.0 m/s. 10 m/s 6. If the 1.0-kilogram object that is shown receives an impulse of 20 newton-seconds, what impulses does the 2.0-kilogram object receive? A. 0 N-s B N-s. +10 N-s. +20 N-s A. 5 m/sec B. 2 m/sec. 10 m/sec. 500 m/sec 7. A 20-kilogram cart traveling east with a speed of 6 meters per second collides with a 30-kilogram cart traveling west. If both carts come to rest immediately after the collision, what was the speed of the westbound cart before the collision? A. 6 m/s B. 2 m/s. 3 m/s. 4 m/s page 1

2 8. A 2.0-kilogram rifle initially at rest fires a kilogram bullet. As the bullet leaves the rifle with a velocity of 500 meters per second, what is the momentum of the rifle-bullet system? A. 2.5 kg m/s B. 2.0 kg m/s. 0.5 kg m/s. 0 kg m/s 10. A spring is compressed between two stationary blocks as shown in the diagram. Block A has a mass of 6.0 kilograms. After the spring is released, block A moves west at 8.0 meters per second and block B moves east at 16 meters per second. What is the mass of block B? [Assume no frictional effects.] A. 16 kg B. 12 kg. 3.0 kg. 6.0 kg 9. Which pair of terms are vector quantities? A. force and mass B. distance and displacement. momentum and acceleration. speed and velocity 11. A kilogram bullet is fired from a rifle by an unbalanced force of 200 newtons. If the force acts on the bullet for 0.1 second, what is the maximum speed attained by the bullet? A. 5 m/s B. 20 m/s. 400 m/s. 800 m/s page 2

3 12. Two railroad carts, A and B, are on a frictionless, level track. art A has a mass of kilograms and a velocity of 3.0 meters per second toward the right. art B has a velocity of 1.5 meters per second toward the left. The magnitude of the momentum of cart B is kilogram-meters per second. When the two carts collide, they lock together. a) What is the magnitude of the momentum of cart A before the collision? (Show all calculations, including equation and substitutions with units.) b) On the diagram, construct a scaled vector that represents the momentum of cart A before the collision. The momentum vector must be drawn to a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 1,000 kilogram-meters per second. [Be sure your final answer has the correct labels (numbers and units).] c) In one or more complete sentences, describe the momentum of the two carts after the collision and justify your answer based on the initial momenta of both carts. 13. A 5-newton ball and a 10-newton ball are released simultaneously from a point 50 meters above the surface of the Earth. Neglecting air resistance, which statement is true? A. The 5-N ball will have a greater acceleration than the 10-N ball. B. The 10-N ball will have a greater acceleration than the 5-N ball.. At the end of 3 seconds of free-fall, the 10-N ball will have a greater momentum than the 5-N ball.. At the end of 3 seconds of free-fall, the 5-N ball will have a greater momentum than the 10-N ball. 14. A 2.0-kilogram toy cannon is at rest on a frictionless surface. A remote triggering device causes a kilogram projectile to be fired from the cannon. Which equation describes this system after the cannon is fired? A. mass of cannon + mass of projectile = 0 B. speed of cannon + speed of projectile = 0. momentum of cannon + momentum of projectile = 0. velocity of cannon + velocity of projectile = 0 page 3

4 15. In a baseball game, a batter hits a ball for a home run. ompared to the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the ball, the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the bat is 19. The accompanying velocity-time graph represents the motion of a 3-kilogram cart along a straight line. The cart starts at t = 0 and initially moves north. A. less B. greater. the same 16. A bullet traveling at meters per second is brought to rest by an impulse of 50 newton-seconds. What is the mass of the bullet? A kg B kg kg kg What is the magnitude of the change in momentum of the cart between t = 0 and t = 3 seconds? 17. The diagram given shows two carts on a horizontal, frictionless surface being pushed apart when a compressed spring attached to one of the carts is released. art A has a mass of 3.0 kilograms and cart B has a mass of 5.0 kilograms. The speed of cart A is 0.33 meters per second after the spring is released. If the carts are initially at rest, what is the approximate speed of cart B after the spring is released? A. 20 kg m/s B. 30 kg m/s. 60 kg m/s. 80 kg m/s A m/s B m/s m/s m/s 20. A kilogram bullet is fired from a 4.0-kilogram rifle that is initially at rest. If the bullet leaves the rifle with momentum having a magnitude of 20. kilogram meters per second, the rifle will recoil with a momentum having a magnitude of 18. A student drops two eggs of equal mass simultaneously from the same height. Egg A lands on the tile floor and breaks. Egg B lands intact without bouncing, on a foam pad lying on the floor. ompared to the magnitude of the impulse on egg A as it lands, the magnitude of the impulse on egg B as it lands is A. 1,600 kg m/s B. 80. kg m/s. 20. kg m/s kg m/s A. less B. greater. the same page 4

5 21. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. The diagram shows a compressed spring between two carts initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface. art A has a mass of 2 kilograms and cart B has a mass of 1 kilogram. A string holds the carts together. 23. In the diagram below, a 60.-kilogram rollerskater exerts a 10.-newton force on a 30.-kilogram rollerskater for 0.20 second. After the string is cut and the two carts move apart, the magnitude of which quantity is the same for both carts? A. momentum B. velocity. inertia. kinetic energy What is the magnitude of the impulse applied to the 30.-kilogram rollerskater? A. 50. N s B. 2.0 N s. 6.0 N s. 12 N s 22. Which is an acceptable unit for impulse? A. N m B. J/s. J s. kg m/s 24. Which quantity has both a magnitude and a direction? A. energy B. impulse. power. work page 5

6 Problem-Attic format version c EducAide Software Licensed for use by Mr. Paguay Terms of Use at 12/10/ A A 23. B B kilogram-meters per second; [see diagram]; [see description] B