CERN: A GATEWAY TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
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1 CERN: A GATEWAY TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION Giovanni Anelli, Fabiola Gianotti, Manfred Krammer, Archana Sharma, Emmanuel Tsesmelis and Charlotte Lindberg Warakaulle June20 th 2017 South Asian High Energy Physics Instrumentation Workshop on Detector Technology and Applications Kathmandu University CERN CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
2 CERN International leadership in particle physics research Leading Edge Engineering & Technological partnerships with Industry, Knowledge Transfer Highly Skilled in Specialized Competencies World Wide Collaboration Network Management Well established Education & Outreach 2
3 What is the world made of? What holds the world together? Where did we come from?
4 Time Machine Primary physics targets Origin of mass.. Nature of Dark Matter.. Understanding space time.. Matter versus antimatter.. Primordial plasma.. Higgs Boson.. SUSY 4.. CP Violation
5 Time Machine Primary physics targets Origin of mass.. Nature of Dark Matter.. Understanding space time.. Matter versus antimatter.. Primordial plasma.. Higgs Boson.. SUSY 5.. CP Violation
6 Time Machine Primary physics targets Origin of mass.. Nature of Dark Matter.. Understanding space time.. Matter versus antimatter.. Primordial plasma.. Higgs Boson.. SUSY 6.. CP Violation
7 7 Courtesy of CERN
8 Tools: The LHC Experiments
9 A HISTORICAL DETOUR.. E. Rutherford E. Marsden Hans Geiger C. D. Anderson Nobel Prize 1936 C.F. Powell Nobel Prize 1950 V.F. Hess, Nobel Prize 1936
10 W. C. Röntgen Nobel Prize 1901 C. Rubbia T. Kajita Nobel Prize 2015 H. Becquerel Nobel Prize 1903 Nobel Prize 1988 S. van der Meer Nobel Prize 1994 E.G. Segrè L.M. Lederman M. Schwartz J. Steinberger O. Chamberlain Nobel Prize 1959
11 1927: cloud chamber (C.T.R. Wilson) 1948: advanced cloud chamber (P.M.S. Blackett) 1950: nuclear emulsion (C.F. Powell) 1954: coincidence method (W. Bothe) 1958: Cherenkov effect (P.A. Cherenkov) 1960: bubble chamber (D.A. Glaser) 1992: multiwire proportional chamber (G. Charpak) 2009: CCD sensor (W.S. Boyle, G.E. Smith) he legacy of nobel prizes in HEP instrumentation and experimentation continues
12 ATLAS and CMS INSTRUMENTATION at the Leading Edge Each detector is like a 100 megapixel camera which takes 40 million pictures per second. The largest and most complex scientific instruments ever built. 12
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14 Finely segmented silicon sensors (strips and pixels) enable charged particles to be tracked and their momenta to be measured. They also reveal the positions at which long-lived unstable particles decay.
15 Nearly crystals of lead tungstate (PbWO 4 ) are used to measure precisely the energies of electrons and photons. A preshower detector, based on silicon sensors, helps particle identification in the endcaps.
16 Layers of dense material (brass or steel) interleaved with plastic scintillators or quartz fibres allow the determination of the energy of hadrons, that is, particles such as protons, neutrons, pions and kaons.
17 Underground Experiment Cavern (2003-4) 17
18 Spectacular Operations The Launch 18
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21 A possible Higgs boson decaying to two photons in CMS
22 PARTICLES IN THE DETECTOR Calorimeters Magnet Muon detectors Tracker
23 23 CMS Data Analysis School, Taipei, February 17, 2016
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27 27
28 HOW TO GET TO PUBLICATIONS??
29 FROM PHYSICS TO RAW DATA SIMULATIONS Really recorded raw data for ATLAS/CMS ~400 MB/s mainly electronics numbers e.g. number of detector element where ADC (Analog-to-Digital converter) saw signal with x counts...
30 FROM PHYSICS TO RAW DATA SIMULATIONS & ANALYSIS!! We need to go from raw data back to physics reconstruction + analysis of the event(s)
31 TRIGGER AND DAQ THE BRAIN OF CMS 40 MHz COLLISION RATE 100 khz LEVEL-1 TRIGGER 1 Terabit/s (50000 DATA CHANNELS) Detectors Charge Time Pattern Energy Tracks 16 Million channels 3 Gigacell buffers 1 Megabyte EVENT DATA 200 Gigabyte BUFFERS 500 Readout memories 500 Gigabit/s Today ~1000Hz Gigabit/s SERVICE LAN Networks Computing services EVENT BUILDER. A large switching network ( ports) with a total throughput of approximately 500 Gbit/s forms the interconnection between the sources (Readout Dual Port Memory) and the destinations (switch to Farm Interface). The Event Manager collects the status and request of event filters and distributes event building commands (read/clear) to RDPMs 5 TeraIPS EVENT FILTER. It consists of a set of high performance commercial processors organized into many farms convenient for on-line and off-line applications. The farm architecture is such that a single CPU processes one event Petabyte ARCHIVE
32 CLOSED CMS DETECTOR
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34 ALL PEOPLE WORK TOGETHER TO ANALYSE THE DATA.. Candidate H gg event recorded by the CMS detector in 2012
35 Candidate H gg event recorded by the CMS detector in 2012
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37 LHC history 1983 first LHC proposal, launch of design study 1994 CERN Council: LHC approval 2010 first collisions at 3.5 TeV beam energy 2015 collisions at design energy Plan for Upgrade to HL-LHC 2025 Upgrades in Experiments Now on.. New ideas.. Taking shape for !! Time to engage fully!!
38 The World Wide Web LHC and Computing
39 Data Processing & Grid Computing
40 APPLICATIONS OF GRID COMPUTING Multitude of applications from a growing number of domains Archeology Astronomy & Astrophysics Civil Protection Computational Chemistry Earth Sciences Earthquake Modelling Financial Simulation Fusion Geophysics High Energy Physics Life Sciences Multimedia Material Sciences Infrastructure used by >10000 researchers
41 CERN = TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER GRID Computing! Silicon detector for a Compton camera in nuclear medical imaging Medipix: Medical X-ray diagnosis with contrast enhancement and dose reduction Radiography of a bat, recorded with a GEM detector
42 Antimatter science fiction? PET Scan 42
43 CERN CORE COMPETENCES Cryogenics Superconductivity Vacuum Magnets Microelectronics Data Processing
44 isionid= How to make therapy less harmful to patients?
45 FROM HIGH VACUUM TO SOLAR ENERGY CERN Technology Non-Evaporable Getter Coating Industry (spin-off): High Efficiency Solar Collectors
46 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS AT CERN Imaging Radioisotopes Hadron Therapy Medical Applications (MA) have been, are and will be a primary component of CERN s knowledge transfer activities. The (new) directorate is firmly committed to this goal. F. Gianotti, CERN Director-General MRI Dosimetry Planning & Simulation
47 BRINGING MEDICAL PHYSICS AND MEDICAL INDUSTRY TOGETHER
48 Bio Informatics Education, Training WEATHER GRID SYSTEM Distributed computing allows remotely located PCs work on small sections of huge amounts of data. Money and human lives can and are being saved using accurate weather forecasting.
49 HOW TO START? Test beams Simulations Fluka 49
50 EXAMPLE: Forward Muon Upgrade : GEM to be installed in 2020 R E 1 GE21 R E 4 GE11 ME0 Project Manager A. Sharma 50
51 EXAMPLE CMS GEM UPGRADE CERN technology Licensed to India & Pakistan Collaboration conceived in 2009 with ~ 10 Institutions 2016 ~ 40 Institutions 200 Collaborators ~ 50 % Non Member States Some Lack of local expertise Overcome by conduit Holding specialized schools on detector, electronics, DAQ, s/w, f/w Sharing Competence, training 20 Workshops Organised over 6 years Co-supervision of PhDs Member State Countries Participating Italy Germany Finland Belgium Hungary Bulgaria NMS / AM Countries Participating / Interested Korea India Pakistan China Egypt Colombia USA Malaysia Thailand Production sites in Korea, India, Pakistan Iran 51 Qatar Kuwait Lithuania
52 Student Interns & Teachers Over 500 students from all over the world 52
53 CASE FOR CERN-SOUTH ASIA CONSORTIUM FOR R&D IN DETECTORS, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS (1) PROPOSAL Participate in Designing and Building of an experimental detector system for Physics Goals to answer questions about the Universe - Doctoral Students, Post Doc s, Teachers, Faculty & students Installation, Commissioning, Operations and maintenance Coordinated by CERN with organised partnership 53
54 CASE FOR CERN-SOUTH ASIA CONSORTIUM FOR R&D IN DETECTORS, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS (2) Engage with on-going program which is just starting Physics harvest from Test Beam Studies and Simulations Teacher & student trainings R&D on Technologies Knowledge Exchange (KT) Opportunities Excellent opportunity of outreach and education 54
55 An Example!
56 56
57 GEANT 4 Test beams Simulations Fluka 57
58 Test beams Simulations Fluka 58
59 OUTLOOK: CERN KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE CERN-South Asia Consortium Develop project proposal plan as white paper (Panel Discussion Tomorrow) Encourage high levels of engagement between academia, universities and R&D Institutions Translation and application of research into innovation and KT build pathways Train students and teachers in this whole process which underpins all the above We take data! Discover! Something! Win prizes! 59
60 Thank you for your attention!! The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. Robert Frost
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