Stefano Profumo. UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics. Quantum-Cosmos Interface: Dark Matter & Baryogenesis

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1 Stefano Profumo UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Quantum-Cosmos Interface: Dark Matter & Baryogenesis UCSC Physics 205 Tuesday March 6, 2018

2 PhD Theoretical Particle Physics (2004) International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA ISAS), Trieste, Italy Postdoc, FSU and California Institute of Technology ( ) Theoretical Astrophysics and Particle Physics Joined UCSC Physics Faculty (Assistant Professor, , Associate Professor, July Full Professor, July 2015 ) Research funded by Department of Energy (Outstanding Junior Investigator Award), National Science Foundation, NASA SCIPP Deputy Director for Theory (July 2011 )

3 Particle Theory Group Dine, Haber,??? Profumo s Research Group Fermi Telescope Group Atwood, Johnson, Ritz ATLAS Group Hance, Nielsen, Schumm Postdoc Graduate Students Patel??? Coogan Fernandez Lehman Morrison Reiman Tamanas Ulbricht Yu Undergraduate Students Nair, Yant, Rockwood, Hargrave, Andreini, Schwemberger, Silvermann,

4 Profumo s Research Group: ALUMNI Postdocs D'Eramo Faculty at Padua, Italy Stefaniak Senior postdoc at DESY, Germany Shepherd faculty at Niels Bohr Draper faculty at U Mass Amherst Gonzalez Permanent position (Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico) Quieroz faculty at Natal, Brazil Graduate Students Ubaldi (postdoc at Technion (Israel)) Kehayas (industry) Linden (NASA postdoc fellow at U Chicago, now at OSU) Kozaczuk (TRIUMF, Canada UMass) Wainwright (industry) Cornell (postdoc McGill, Canada) Blinov (postdoc SLAC) Carlson (making lots of money in data science) Laurel Stephenson-Haskins (postdoc at Hebrew University Coogan (will be postdoc in Amsterdam, Fall 2018)

5 1. What is the origin of the tiny excess of matter over anti matter?

6 2. What is the fundamental particle physics nature of Dark Matter?

7 The Matter Antimatter (Baryon) Asymmetry n Baryons n Antibaryons n 10 10

8 No Standard Model of Baryogenesis! CERN Large Hadron Collider Primordial Asymmetry Leptogenesis GUT scale Baryogenesis Electro weak Baryogenesis Colliders (LHC, Linear Collider) Gravity Waves (Ligo, LISA) Electric Dipole Moments (d e, d n, atoms)

9 In so far as a scientific statement speaks about reality, it must be falsifiable: And in so far as it is not falsifiable it does not speak about reality Karl Popper, Logik der Forschung (1934) The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Supersymmetric) Electro-Weak Baryogenesis: a falsifiable theory

10 Ingredients of Baryogenesis (1) Baryon Number violation If B is conserved, the present BAU can only reflect asymmetric initial conditions (2) C and CP violation In the absence of a preference for matter or antimatter, B-noncoserving interactions will produce baryon and antibaryon excesses at the same rate: no net baryogenesis (3) Out of Equilibrium conditions In chemical equilibrium the entropy is maximal when the chemical potential associated with all nonconserved quantum numbers vanishes (*) A.D.Sakharov, JETP Letters 5, 24 (1967) Sakharov conditions (*)

11 Electro Weak Baryogenesis (1) Out of equilibrium regions (bubble walls) (2) CP violating interactions Unbroken Phase Broken Phase (3) B viol. Sphalerons produce net baryon number B in the regions of unbroken phase B diffuses in the broken EW phase region, and freezes in B is not washed out if sphaleron transitions are strongly suppressed in the br. phase (i.e. if the PT is strongly first order)

12 Experimental Tests of Electro Weak Baryogenesis Gravity Waves from Bubble Collisions Large Electric Dipole Moments from CP violation Light superpartners, distinctive phenomenology at LHC

13 Masses of superpartners of Higgs and Photon Electro Weak Baryogenesis

14 Within Reach of Large Hadron Collider Electro Weak Baryogenesis

15 Electro Weak Baryogenesis Within Reach of Next Generation EDM Searches

16 Particle Dark Matter: a multi pronged approach in a Time of Discovery Efficient production now (Particle colliders) q q Efficient annihilation now (Indirect detection) Efficient scattering now (Direct detection) Slide Concept: J. Feng

17 Particle Dark Matter: a comprehensive approach for a cross disciplinary science Elementary Particle Theory High-energy astrophysics LHC Searches

18 A sample of most recent projects

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21 Science, April 2017

22 needs 1/10 9 background discrimination Ting, AMS CERN, December 2016

23 Coogan et al, 2014, PRD

24 What about 3 He? One event with 40 GeV momentum in 5 years Coogan and Profumo,

25 What about 3 He? Coogan and Profumo, one event per year

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33 How can we tell PSR apart from DM? Use arrival direction of e ±! No dipolar anisotropy detected so far [but consistent with PSR interpretation]

34 How can we tell PSR apart from DM? General theorem: if anisotropy is directed, it cannot be Dark Matter Profumo, PRD 2014

35 but life might not be easy after all! Larmor radius for heliospheric magnetic fields B~ nt, is of the order of the solar system size

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40 Summary Testable theories for the origin of matter A cross-disciplinary approach in the hunt for dark matter q q