Matter over antimatter: The Sakharov conditions after 50 years
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1 Matter over antimatter: The Sakharov conditions after 50 years Rob Timmermans On behalf of the organizers May 8, 2017 faculty of mathematics and natural sciences van swinderen institute for particle physics and gravity
2 Andrei Sakharov ( ) ü From Father of the Soviet H-bomb to Soviet dissident ü Activist for disarmament, peace & human rights - Nobel peace prize Internal exile ( domestic enemy #1 ) ü 1988: Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought Sakharov@LorentzCenter 2
3 June 15, 1989: Honorary doctorate in UG Sakharov@LorentzCenter 3
4 A. D. Sakharov, JETP Lett. 5, 24 (1967) ü Idea: the matter dominance in the Universe is due to particle physics ü Criteria for successful baryogenesis in hot Big Bang model: - Matter is unstable + symmetry breaking between matter & antimatter Sakharov@LorentzCenter 4
5 Baryon-to-photon density ü Hot Big Bang cosmology - Matter-antimatter symmetric very little left! ü But: Universe is matter dominated! - Baryon-to-photon ratio (CMB & BBN) ü Asymmetry is primordial! ü Major question: - Why so small? How so big? - Can we calculate it from first principles? Sakharov@LorentzCenter 5
6 The Sakharov criteria for baryogenesis ü Violation of fermion number - Baryon and/or lepton number accidental symmetries in SM - B+L current is anomalously broken, B L conserved - Probed by searches for proton decay & neutron-antineutron oscillations ü Violation of C and CP - CPT theorem CP violation equivalent to T violation - Probed by K 0 and B 0 decays, neutrinos, searches for EDMs ü Departure from thermal and chemical equilibrium - Expansion of the Universe or 1 st -order phase transition ü SM = TOTAL FAILURE (Donald J. Trump) - Primordial B L asymmetry + more CP violation needed Sakharov@LorentzCenter 6
7 A historical curiosity ü La structure et l évolution de l Univers Onzième conseil de physique, Bruxelles, 9-13 juin 1958 ü J. Robert Oppenheimer after talk The arrow of time by T. Gold If the weak interactions of atomic physics would contrary to expectation not be invariant for time inversion, would this have any consequences for cosmological or cosmogonic questions? Sakharov@LorentzCenter 7
8 Towards a successful prediction of η? ü Baryogenesis in GUTs - Dim-6 operators conserve B-L mostly B+L asymmetry ü Electroweak baryogenesis - Role of CKM phase? Higgs mass = 125 GeV? SUSY? ü Baryogenesis via leptogenesis - Attractive connection to neutrino mass via seesaw mechanism! ü Alternative: Equilibrium baryogenesis via CPT violation - Quantum gravity (e.g. string theory) spontaneous CPT violation ü Sakharov@LorentzCenter 8
9 Scales in Sakharov E ü Λ Planck = GeV ü Λ GUT = GeV? Quantum gravity GUTs? ü Λ seesaw = GeV? Origin of neutrino mass? L EFT = L SM + 1 L d= Ld= ü Λ new = 1-10 TeV? ü Λ Fermi = 100 GeV New physics? (SUSY?) Electroweak theory ü Λ QCD = 1 GeV ü Λ nuc 100 MeV QCD χpt ü Λ atomic QED Sakharov@LorentzCenter 9
10 Workshop schedule Monday 8 Tuesday 9 Wednesday 10 Thursday 11 Friday 12 9:30-10:30 Mereghetti Yue Nagata Ritz 11:00-12:00 Ramsey- Musolf Welcome Coffee Coffee Coffee Coffee Oosterhof Dev (skype) Pearce Tureanu Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Closing Lunch 14:00-15:00 Garbrecht Engel Servant Ramani 15:00-16:00 White Berkowitz Dekens Coffee & 16:00-17:30 Coffee & discussion 1 Reception Coffee & discussion 2 Coffee & discussion 3 discussion 4 Workshop dinner Sakharov@LorentzCenter 10
11 Discussion topics ü Which expt s are crucial to test the Sakharov conditions & baryogenesis? ü What are the key matrix elements that have to be improved? - Which accuracy is needed? Which strategy will get us there? ü How feasible is an EFT approach to baryogenesis? - What are the promises & pitfalls? ü How well do we control calculations of baryogenesis? Sakharov@LorentzCenter 11
12 Some issues ü Issues in non-equilibrium and effective QFT? - Can they be combined? ü Which experiments are needed? - What if B/L and CP violation is found? ü What is needed for a successful η in terms of B/L and CP violation? - Size of the dim-6 operators in the SM EFT? ü Interpretation of nuclear-scale experiments - Strong-interaction matrix elements What can LQCD do? - Which calculations are needed as input to nuclear EFT? ü What to do with nuclear many-body systems? - Atomic and nuclear EDMs? Neutrinoless double-β decay? ü Sakharov@LorentzCenter 12
13 1. Einstein in Leiden Painting by Menso Kamerlingh Onnes Painting by Harm Kamerlingh Onnes Watercolor by Marijke Kamerlingh Onnes
14 Leiden wall formulas
15 Enjoy the workshop!
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