Supersymmetry in Cosmology
|
|
- Douglas Wells
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Supersymmetry in Cosmology Raghavan Rangarajan Ahmedabad University
2 OUTLINE THE GRAVITINO PROBLEM SUSY FLAT DIRECTIONS AND THEIR COSMOLOGIAL IMPLICATIONS SUSY DARK MATTER SUMMARY 2
3 PREAMBLE A BRIEF HISTORY OF OUR UNIVERSE OBSERVATIONS + GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 14 b yr, COMPOSITION, EXPANDING, PAST HOT AND DENSE 3
4 A BRIEF HISTORY OF OUR UNVIERSE First second hot primordial plasma of electrons,.. photons, quarks/protons, neutrons, dark matter, 1 s 3 min light nuclei (helium, lithium,..) 400,000 years Atoms form, CMBR 300 million years First stars form 1 billion years First galaxies form 9 billion years Solar system formed, DE domin 14 billion years Today 4
5 THE FIRST SECOND s Planck time (E ~ GeV) [Q Gravity] Grand Unified Theory s GUT Phase Transition (E ~ GeV, T ~ K) Standard Model [q, l, H, GB] /Modified SM s Electroweak Phase Transition (E ~ 100 GeV, T ~ K) 10-6 s quarks à protons, neutrons (E ~ 1 GeV, T ~ K) 1 s Primordial Nucleosynthesis begins (E ~ 1 MeV, T ~ K) 5
6 THE FIRST SECOND s Planck time (E ~ GeV) [Q Gravity] Grand Unified Theory s GUT Phase Transition (E ~ GeV, T ~ K) Standard Model [q, l, H, GB] /Modified SM s Electroweak Phase Transition (E ~ 100 GeV, T ~ K) 10-6 s quarks à protons, neutrons (E ~ 1 GeV, T ~ K).. 1 s Primordial Nucleosynthesis begins (E ~ 1 MeV, T ~ K) 6
7 INFLATION and REHEATING INFLATION PERIOD OF ACCELERATED EXPANSION IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE (t ~ s or later) WHEN THE ENERGY DENSITY OF A SLOWLY VARYING FIELD CALLED THE INFLATON Φ DOMINATES V(Φ) Φ e SLOW ROLL Φ OSCILLATE AND DECAY ENERGY DENSITY DOMINATES, DETERMINES EVOL OF UNIV 7
8 <latexit sha1_base64="skyc6bilyd6qes0bl/jgawyruvm=">aaacjxicbvdlsgmxfm34rpu16tjnsah1u2aqyf0uii7sshzrc51ammmmdc08so4izzivceovuhfrrxdlr5g+ftp6iha459wk97ir4aos68tywv1b39jmbgw3d3b39s2dwwcvxpkybg1fkfsuuuzwgdwag2ctsdliu4i13ehnxg8+mal4gnzdkgidn/qd7nfkqetds1x9loiydgtzio94ktde6ywa62lstx3j+wm404lseeavniinyxmkb7ejb2hxzfkfawq8tow5yae5al1zrg+nsc8coiio1batcdojkccpygnwirwlcb2spmtrghcfqu4yxtpfp1rpys+u+gsap+rviyt4so18vyd9ago16e3e/7x2df6pk/agioefdpaqfwsmiz50hntcmgpipamhkuu/yjogug/qzwz1cfbiysukusxcfey7i1zlet5gbh2je5rhnrpefvrfndrafd2jvzrg78al8wz8gj+z6ioxnzlcf2b8/wazpaqc</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="skyc6bilyd6qes0bl/jgawyruvm=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="skyc6bilyd6qes0bl/jgawyruvm=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="skyc6bilyd6qes0bl/jgawyruvm=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="6ga5q+kfmy1xpu7gkrgbhjymi8s=">aaab8nicbvbnswmxej31s9avqkcvwsj4qrtfua9c0ynehaqulbrryabznjtjlklwkev/hhcpkl79nd78n6bthrt1wcdjvrlm5oujz9q47rezsli0vljawcuub2xubzd2dh90ncpcfrlzwdvdrclnkvqggu6biajyhjw2wshv2g88uavzlo/nmkgbwd3jikawsvl7+si7vu1kdt56rhzkzbfitodmizetmusod0pf7w5mukglirxr3flcxaqzvoyrtkffdqppgska92jluokf1ue2uxmedq3srvgsbemdjurviqwlrycitj0cm76e9cbif14rndfzkdgzpizkml0upryzgi0dqf2mkdf8aakmitlbeeljhymxmrvtcn7sy/per1bok97dsbl2madrgh04gcpw4brqcan18ifaas/wcm9o6rw4787hthxbywf24a+czx8sg5ca</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="6ga5q+kfmy1xpu7gkrgbhjymi8s=">aaab8nicbvbnswmxej31s9avqkcvwsj4qrtfua9c0ynehaqulbrryabznjtjlklwkev/hhcpkl79nd78n6bthrt1wcdjvrlm5oujz9q47rezsli0vljawcuub2xubzd2dh90ncpcfrlzwdvdrclnkvqggu6biajyhjw2wshv2g88uavzlo/nmkgbwd3jikawsvl7+si7vu1kdt56rhzkzbfitodmizetmusod0pf7w5mukglirxr3flcxaqzvoyrtkffdqppgska92jluokf1ue2uxmedq3srvgsbemdjurviqwlrycitj0cm76e9cbif14rndfzkdgzpizkml0upryzgi0dqf2mkdf8aakmitlbeeljhymxmrvtcn7sy/per1bok97dsbl2madrgh04gcpw4brqcan18ifaas/wcm9o6rw4787hthxbywf24a+czx8sg5ca</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="6ga5q+kfmy1xpu7gkrgbhjymi8s=">aaab8nicbvbnswmxej31s9avqkcvwsj4qrtfua9c0ynehaqulbrryabznjtjlklwkev/hhcpkl79nd78n6bthrt1wcdjvrlm5oujz9q47rezsli0vljawcuub2xubzd2dh90ncpcfrlzwdvdrclnkvqggu6biajyhjw2wshv2g88uavzlo/nmkgbwd3jikawsvl7+si7vu1kdt56rhzkzbfitodmizetmusod0pf7w5mukglirxr3flcxaqzvoyrtkffdqppgska92jluokf1ue2uxmedq3srvgsbemdjurviqwlrycitj0cm76e9cbif14rndfzkdgzpizkml0upryzgi0dqf2mkdf8aakmitlbeeljhymxmrvtcn7sy/per1bok97dsbl2madrgh04gcpw4brqcan18ifaas/wcm9o6rw4787hthxbywf24a+czx8sg5ca</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="6ga5q+kfmy1xpu7gkrgbhjymi8s=">aaab8nicbvbnswmxej31s9avqkcvwsj4qrtfua9c0ynehaqulbrryabznjtjlklwkev/hhcpkl79nd78n6bthrt1wcdjvrlm5oujz9q47rezsli0vljawcuub2xubzd2dh90ncpcfrlzwdvdrclnkvqggu6biajyhjw2wshv2g88uavzlo/nmkgbwd3jikawsvl7+si7vu1kdt56rhzkzbfitodmizetmusod0pf7w5mukglirxr3flcxaqzvoyrtkffdqppgska92jluokf1ue2uxmedq3srvgsbemdjurviqwlrycitj0cm76e9cbif14rndfzkdgzpizkml0upryzgi0dqf2mkdf8aakmitlbeeljhymxmrvtcn7sy/per1bok97dsbl2madrgh04gcpw4brqcan18ifaas/wcm9o6rw4787hthxbywf24a+czx8sg5ca</latexit> H 2 = Ṙ R! 2 = 8 3 G R IS THE SCALE FACTOR; IN EXPANDING UNIV d = d 1 R(t)/R(t 1 ) G =1/M 2 Pl V(Φ) Φ e SLOW ROLL Φ OSCILLATE AND DECAY DURING THE SLOW ROLL PHASE ENERGY DENSITY = T + V ~ V ~ CONSTANT 8
9 INFLATION and REHEATING V(Φ) INFLATION Φ e Φ REHEATING DURING INFLATION, R~ exp(h I t) n OF ALL SPECIES 0. COLD INFLATON DECAY PRODUCTS THERMALISE, T reh THERMAL BATH HAS q, l, h, dm, BSM INCLUDING SUSY, GUT PARTICLES AND HEAVY NEUTRINOS REHEATING 9
10 MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY OF THE UNIVERSE SOLAR SYSTEM, MILKY WAY, CLUSTER (20 Mpc) ANTIMATTER RULED OUT TILL d~1000 Mpc SIZE OF OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE ~ Mpc (1 Mpc = 3 x km = 3 x 10 6 lt-yr) MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY OF THE UNIV 10
11 HOW GENERATE ASYMMETRY? EARLY TIMES ( t << 1 s = PRIM. NUCL.) EQUAL AMOUNTS OF MATTER AND ANTIMATTER DISEQUILIBRIUM IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE 100 M A à 103 M A à 2 M X à M X à A r M > r A, GET MORE MATTER THAN ANTIMATTER X = GUT BOSONS (M X ~ GeV), HEAVY NEUTRINOS (M N ~ GeV) GUT BARYOGENESIS, LEPTOGENESIS 11
12 MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY WHEREFROM GUT BOSONS, HEAVY NEUTRINOS? In the hot early Universe when temperatures were very high (k B T > M) (k B =1) 12
13 THE GRAVITINO PROBLEM 13
14 GRAVITINOS SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTNER OF THE GRAVITON SUPERSYMMETRY EXTENSION OF THE STANDARD MODEL (GAUGE HIERARCHY) SUPERPARTNERS: FERMION BOSON PHOTON PHOTINO, ELECTRON SELECTRON LOCAL (spacetime dep) SUPERSYMMETRY: SUPERGRAVITY GRAVITON GRAVITINO BROKEN (EQUAL m, IF SUSY) 14
15 GRAVITINO MASS SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING Þ SM SUPERPARTNERS GET A MASS m 0 ~ 100 GeV Þ GRAVITINO GETS A MASS GAUGE MEDIATED SUSY BREAKING (V. LIGHT, LIGHT < 100 GeV) GRAVITY MEDIATED SUSY BREAKING (HEAVY 100 GeV) ANOMALY MEDIATED SUSY BREAKING (V. HEAVY 100 GeV) 15
16 GRAVITINOS SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTNER OF THE GRAVITON PRODUCED AFTER INFLATION COSMOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES (m, n) STABLE : AFFECTS EXPANSION RATE, (L/H) UNSTABLE : AFFECT EXPANSION RATE PRIOR TO DECAY DECAY PRODUCTS DESTROY LIGHT ELEMENTS (NUCLEOSYNTHESIS) GRAVITINO PROBLEM(S) 16
17 GRAVITINOS SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTNER OF THE GRAVITON PRODUCED AFTER INFLATION COSMOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES (m, n) STABLE : AFFECTS EXPANSION RATE, (L/H) UNSTABLE : AFFECT EXPANSION RATE PRIOR TO DECAY DECAY PRODUCTS DESTROY LIGHT ELEMENTS (NUCLEOSYNTHESIS) GRAVITINO PROBLEM(S) => UPPER BOUND ON 17
18 STANDARD PICTURE OF GRAVITINO PRODUCTION V(Φ) Φ e Φ INFLATION REHEATING (OSC. + DECAY) RADIATION DOMINATED UNIV (Relativistic particles) ALSO PROD DURING P/REHEATING THERMAL SCATTERING (gluons, quarks, squarks, gluinos) 18
19 GRAVITINO PRODUCTION PRODUCED BY THE SCATTERING OF INFLATON DECAY PRODUCTS A ~ G A G ~ B C B C e.g. q + q! g + G q + q! g + G g + g! g + G PRADLER AND STEFFEN
20 STANDARD CALC OF GRAVITINO PRODUCTION CALCULATE GRAVITINO PRODUCTION IN THE RAD DOM ERA MAINLY PRODUCED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE RAD DOM ERA WHEN, AND UPPER BOUND ON UPPER BOUND ON T reh OF GeV (MASS 100 GeV 10 TeV) k B T in GeV k B =1 1 GeV =10 13 K 20
21 GRAVITINOS, REHEAT TEMPERATURE AND MATTER- ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY 21
22 REHEATING, GRAVITINOS AND MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY THE UPPER BOUND ON THE REHEAT TEMPERATURE GeV TO SUPPRESS GRAVITINO PRODUCTION 1 GeV =10 13 K 22
23 REHEATING, GRAVITINOS AND MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY THE UPPER BOUND ON THE REHEAT TEMPERATURE GeV TO SUPPRESS GRAVITINO PRODUCTION MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY GENESIS MODELS REQUIRE HEAVY X, MASS 10 10, GeV 1 GeV = PROTON MASS 23
24 REHEATING, GRAVITINOS AND MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY THE UPPER BOUND ON THE REHEAT TEMPERATURE GeV TO SUPPRESS GRAVITINO PRODUCTION MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY GENESIS MODELS REQUIRE HEAVY X, MASS 10 10, GeV DIFFICULT TO HAVE ENOUGH HEAVY X IN THE RADIATION DOMINATED UNIV AFTER REHEATING n X ~ exp(- M c 2 /k B T) 24
25 REHEATING, GRAVITINOS AND MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY THE UPPER BOUND ON THE REHEAT TEMPERATURE GeV TO SUPPRESS GRAVITINO PRODUCTION MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY GENESIS MODELS REQUIRE HEAVY X, MASS 10 10, GeV DIFFICULT TO HAVE ENOUGH HEAVY X IN THE RADIATION DOMINATED UNIV AFTER REHEATING LOW REHEAT TEMP TO SUPPRESS GRAVITINOS IS A PROBLEM FOR GUT BARYOGENESIS AND LEPTOGENESIS
26 SOLUTIONS TO THE GRAVITINO PROBLEM INCREASE GUT BOSON/HEAVY NEUTRINO PRODUCTION, OR SUPPRESS GRAVITINO PRODUCTION SCATTERINGS DURING REHEATING BEFORE TOTAL THERMALISATION (NOT X DECAYS) T: 0 à T max à T reh T max ~ 1000 T reh PREHEATING SUPPRESS GRAVITINOS USING SUSY FLAT DIRECTIONS CAVEAT (ALWAYS CHECK)
27 SUSY FLAT DIRECTIONS AND THEIR COSMOLOGIAL IMPLICATIONS 27
28 FLAT DIRECTIONS V = 0 ALONG BOTTOM. POTENTIAL IS FLAT MAG NOT CHANGE, PHASE DOES
29 SUSY FLAT DIRECTIONS STANDARD MODEL, H SCALAR (SPIN 0) MINIMISE V SCALAR POTENTIAL V IN SUSY IS A FUNCTION OF DIRECTIONS IN FIELD SPACE OF SCALARS ALONG WHICH THE SCALAR POTENTIAL IS MINIMISED V = 0, POTENTIAL IS FLAT FLAT DIRECTIONS [POTENTIAL IS CONSTANT AND ZERO ALONG FLAT DIRECTION NOT JUST PHASE CHANGE, MAGNITUDE CHANGE TOO]
30 <latexit sha1_base64="nr4vgusejilfuvqb09s8d+izisu=">aaacahicbvbns8naej3ur1q/ol4el4tf8fqsedsduptisykxhsauzxbtlt1swu6muek9+fe8efdx6s/w5r9x2+agrq8g3r43w868movmacf5tkplyyura+x1ysbm1vaovbv3ojjmeuqrhceyfwjforpu00xz2kolxxhiatmc3ez85pbkxrjxr0cpdwlceyxibgsjdewdn2pr4xt5az8hx84ev2jysatozzkclrk3ifuo0ojyx343ivlmhsyck9v2nvqhozaaeu7hft9tnmvkghu0bajamvvbpr1gji6n0kvrik0jjabq74kcx0qn4tb0xlj31bw3ef/z2pmolokcitttvjdzr1hgku7qja7uzziszuegyckz2rwrppayabnaxytgzp+8slzt2mxnvtur1q+lnmpwcedwai6cqx1uoqeeehiez3ifn+vjerhery9za8kqzvbhd6zph5hqlem=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="nr4vgusejilfuvqb09s8d+izisu=">aaacahicbvbns8naej3ur1q/ol4el4tf8fqsedsduptisykxhsauzxbtlt1swu6muek9+fe8efdx6s/w5r9x2+agrq8g3r43w868movmacf5tkplyyura+x1ysbm1vaovbv3ojjmeuqrhceyfwjforpu00xz2kolxxhiatmc3ez85pbkxrjxr0cpdwlceyxibgsjdewdn2pr4xt5az8hx84ev2jysatozzkclrk3ifuo0ojyx343ivlmhsyck9v2nvqhozaaeu7hft9tnmvkghu0bajamvvbpr1gji6n0kvrik0jjabq74kcx0qn4tb0xlj31bw3ef/z2pmolokcitttvjdzr1hgku7qja7uzziszuegyckz2rwrppayabnaxytgzp+8slzt2mxnvtur1q+lnmpwcedwai6cqx1uoqeeehiez3ifn+vjerhery9za8kqzvbhd6zph5hqlem=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="nr4vgusejilfuvqb09s8d+izisu=">aaacahicbvbns8naej3ur1q/ol4el4tf8fqsedsduptisykxhsauzxbtlt1swu6muek9+fe8efdx6s/w5r9x2+agrq8g3r43w868movmacf5tkplyyura+x1ysbm1vaovbv3ojjmeuqrhceyfwjforpu00xz2kolxxhiatmc3ez85pbkxrjxr0cpdwlceyxibgsjdewdn2pr4xt5az8hx84ev2jysatozzkclrk3ifuo0ojyx343ivlmhsyck9v2nvqhozaaeu7hft9tnmvkghu0bajamvvbpr1gji6n0kvrik0jjabq74kcx0qn4tb0xlj31bw3ef/z2pmolokcitttvjdzr1hgku7qja7uzziszuegyckz2rwrppayabnaxytgzp+8slzt2mxnvtur1q+lnmpwcedwai6cqx1uoqeeehiez3ifn+vjerhery9za8kqzvbhd6zph5hqlem=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="nr4vgusejilfuvqb09s8d+izisu=">aaacahicbvbns8naej3ur1q/ol4el4tf8fqsedsduptisykxhsauzxbtlt1swu6muek9+fe8efdx6s/w5r9x2+agrq8g3r43w868movmacf5tkplyyura+x1ysbm1vaovbv3ojjmeuqrhceyfwjforpu00xz2kolxxhiatmc3ez85pbkxrjxr0cpdwlceyxibgsjdewdn2pr4xt5az8hx84ev2jysatozzkclrk3ifuo0ojyx343ivlmhsyck9v2nvqhozaaeu7hft9tnmvkghu0bajamvvbpr1gji6n0kvrik0jjabq74kcx0qn4tb0xlj31bw3ef/z2pmolokcitttvjdzr1hgku7qja7uzziszuegyckz2rwrppayabnaxytgzp+8slzt2mxnvtur1q+lnmpwcedwai6cqx1uoqeeehiez3ifn+vjerhery9za8kqzvbhd6zph5hqlem=</latexit> SUSY FLAT DIRECTIONS SM: UDD: h i = v PHASE PHASES PARAMETER SCALAR FIELD EXP VALUE IS IS REPRESENTED BY A COMPLEX (AFFLECK-DINE FIELD) WHOSE GHERGHETTA, KOLDA AND MARTIN FLAT DIRECTION FIELD IS NOT THE INFLATON
31 SUSY BREAKING FLAT DIRECTION à QUADRATIC POT WITH CURV m 0 2 DUE TO QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS DURING INFLATION; OTHER REASONS A FIELD CONFIGURATION WITH THE FIELD AWAY FROM ITS MINIMUM IS OFTEN CALLED A CONDENSATE, CAN TREAT LIKE CLASSICAL FIELD, DO EOM
32 SUSY BREAKING FLAT DIRECTION à QUADRATIC POT WITH CURV m 0 2 DUE TO QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS DURING INFLATION; OTHER REASONS WHEN t U ~ t F (OR H ~ m 0 ), OSCILLATES, THEN IT DECAYS (BEFORE EWSB t~10-11 s)
33 COSMOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES AFFLECK-DINE BARYOGENESIS SUPPRESS GRAVITION PRODUCTION VIA DELAYED THERMALISATION DURING REHEATING GENERATION OF PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELDS 33
34 <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="f9fiounszeji7je5eefjsgnficy=">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</latexit> AFFLECK-DINE BARYOGENESIS TO CREATE A BARYON ASYMMETRY REQUIRES B VIOLATION CP VIOLATION OUT OF THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM AFFLECK AND DINE, LINDE V ( ) =m 2 + i 2 ( 4 4 ) B( ) =1/3 => B VIOLATION VIA QUARTIC COUPLINGS B VIOLATING COUPLINGS ARE COMPLEX => CP VIOLATION 34
35 <latexit sha1_base64="pbfyoobs07o63tuw+p3afa3gxbk=">aaacyhicbzhns8mwgmbt+jwrzk5vegkoquvhowt1imi86e3fqrdwkmbpdevtkqtikp6t3rx48r8x7yro9iwqh8+bjx9pooxrqrzn3tbnzufmfxql1tlysnpvbq3dytqxmhg4zal4ijakjhlikaoyecgequneyh00oi/7989esjrywzxosjcgiacxxuhpkbrfeng7hdybhtt+junjhvqhqsprixxdwof+fkm7sbews3uk/vgg7hynzvdm2xle/vlqtu0nl7/dvmi3ny5tffwlbg1tundval/phxgeek4wq1l2xsdtqygeopirv8vpjckqhqeh6wvkkceykkqexug2vgywtouexmfk/ekouclloin0ygspjzndk8x/ev1cxcdbqxmwk8lx5ka4z1clsiwbdqggwlgxboqf1xef+anp3jt+ldied/rjf8hrdk467vvh+6xxp9eam2al7aaxhiezcagugacw+dbmjrwjaxyai+aq2zosny3asw5+lbnxbvchr1g=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="pbfyoobs07o63tuw+p3afa3gxbk=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="pbfyoobs07o63tuw+p3afa3gxbk=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="pbfyoobs07o63tuw+p3afa3gxbk=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="hqof92ivirbg21w+kef1mzhlvxa=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="bljrfw/zuc889izerfa4ibwmkso=">aaab+xicbvdlssnafl3xwesr1awbwsk4koki6kiodeoygmklbqytyaqdo3kwm1fk7ke4cahi1j9x5984bbpq1gmdh3pu5z45fsqzvjb1bswtr6yurzc2yptb2zu7zmwvjznmeoqqhcei42njoyupo5jitjmkiiof07y/vjr47qcqjeviwzvkqrvhfsxcrrdskmdweixw6n6z7hooakfl1pdmqlwzpkclxc5ifqo0pforfyqki2iscmdsdm0rvw6ohwke03g5l0mayjlefdrvnmyrlw4+jt5gr1ojujgi/xsqqfp7i8erlkpi15mrvgm5703e/7xupsjzn2dxmikak9mhmonijwjsawqyoetxksayckazijlaahol2yrreuz5ly8s56r2ubnvtqv1rtfgcq7gei7bhjoowzu0wqecj/amr/bmpbkvxrvxmrtdmoqdffgd4/mhgdosig==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="bljrfw/zuc889izerfa4ibwmkso=">aaab+xicbvdlssnafl3xwesr1awbwsk4koki6kiodeoygmklbqytyaqdo3kwm1fk7ke4cahi1j9x5984bbpq1gmdh3pu5z45fsqzvjb1bswtr6yurzc2yptb2zu7zmwvjznmeoqqhcei42njoyupo5jitjmkiiof07y/vjr47qcqjeviwzvkqrvhfsxcrrdskmdweixw6n6z7hooakfl1pdmqlwzpkclxc5ifqo0pforfyqki2iscmdsdm0rvw6ohwke03g5l0mayjlefdrvnmyrlw4+jt5gr1ojujgi/xsqqfp7i8erlkpi15mrvgm5703e/7xupsjzn2dxmikak9mhmonijwjsawqyoetxksayckazijlaahol2yrreuz5ly8s56r2ubnvtqv1rtfgcq7gei7bhjoowzu0wqecj/amr/bmpbkvxrvxmrtdmoqdffgd4/mhgdosig==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="bljrfw/zuc889izerfa4ibwmkso=">aaab+xicbvdlssnafl3xwesr1awbwsk4koki6kiodeoygmklbqytyaqdo3kwm1fk7ke4cahi1j9x5984bbpq1gmdh3pu5z45fsqzvjb1bswtr6yurzc2yptb2zu7zmwvjznmeoqqhcei42njoyupo5jitjmkiiof07y/vjr47qcqjeviwzvkqrvhfsxcrrdskmdweixw6n6z7hooakfl1pdmqlwzpkclxc5ifqo0pforfyqki2iscmdsdm0rvw6ohwke03g5l0mayjlefdrvnmyrlw4+jt5gr1ojujgi/xsqqfp7i8erlkpi15mrvgm5703e/7xupsjzn2dxmikak9mhmonijwjsawqyoetxksayckazijlaahol2yrreuz5ly8s56r2ubnvtqv1rtfgcq7gei7bhjoowzu0wqecj/amr/bmpbkvxrvxmrtdmoqdffgd4/mhgdosig==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="bljrfw/zuc889izerfa4ibwmkso=">aaab+xicbvdlssnafl3xwesr1awbwsk4koki6kiodeoygmklbqytyaqdo3kwm1fk7ke4cahi1j9x5984bbpq1gmdh3pu5z45fsqzvjb1bswtr6yurzc2yptb2zu7zmwvjznmeoqqhcei42njoyupo5jitjmkiiof07y/vjr47qcqjeviwzvkqrvhfsxcrrdskmdweixw6n6z7hooakfl1pdmqlwzpkclxc5ifqo0pforfyqki2iscmdsdm0rvw6ohwke03g5l0mayjlefdrvnmyrlw4+jt5gr1ojujgi/xsqqfp7i8erlkpi15mrvgm5703e/7xupsjzn2dxmikak9mhmonijwjsawqyoetxksayckazijlaahol2yrreuz5ly8s56r2ubnvtqv1rtfgcq7gei7bhjoowzu0wqecj/amr/bmpbkvxrvxmrtdmoqdffgd4/mhgdosig==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="s8szsbnrtplz6/tmnxwjvjky0ws=">aaab+nicbvdltgixfl2dl8txies3jctefc4ye3vhqsans0wciigbdeqbsqczattgmufx3lhq49yvceffwb4lbu9yc0/oute9pwhcmdko823lvlbx1jfym4wt7z3dpxu/wfnxkgn1scxj2qixopwj6mumow0kkuio5lqedm8mfv2rssvica9hcq0i3besxwjwruryxyeo0/bqnuleac000fy6dskpo1ogzelosqnmqhbsr1y3jmlehsyck9v0nuqhgzaaeu7hhvaqailjepdp01cbi6qcbhr7gb0bpyt6stqlnjqqvzcyhck1ikizgwe9uiverpzpa6a6dxlktcsppolmhuqlhokytyjaxsyp0xxkccasmvsrgwcjitzxfuwi7ukxl4l/vr4qu3fnpyo3tymph3aej+dcbvtgfqrga4eneizxelpg1ov1bn3mrnpwfoca/sd6/agmvpg7</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="s8szsbnrtplz6/tmnxwjvjky0ws=">aaab+nicbvdltgixfl2dl8txies3jctefc4ye3vhqsans0wciigbdeqbsqczattgmufx3lhq49yvceffwb4lbu9yc0/oute9pwhcmdko823lvlbx1jfym4wt7z3dpxu/wfnxkgn1scxj2qixopwj6mumow0kkuio5lqedm8mfv2rssvica9hcq0i3besxwjwruryxyeo0/bqnuleac000fy6dskpo1ogzelosqnmqhbsr1y3jmlehsyck9v0nuqhgzaaeu7hhvaqailjepdp01cbi6qcbhr7gb0bpyt6stqlnjqqvzcyhck1ikizgwe9uiverpzpa6a6dxlktcsppolmhuqlhokytyjaxsyp0xxkccasmvsrgwcjitzxfuwi7ukxl4l/vr4qu3fnpyo3tymph3aej+dcbvtgfqrga4eneizxelpg1ov1bn3mrnpwfoca/sd6/agmvpg7</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="s8szsbnrtplz6/tmnxwjvjky0ws=">aaab+nicbvdltgixfl2dl8txies3jctefc4ye3vhqsans0wciigbdeqbsqczattgmufx3lhq49yvceffwb4lbu9yc0/oute9pwhcmdko823lvlbx1jfym4wt7z3dpxu/wfnxkgn1scxj2qixopwj6mumow0kkuio5lqedm8mfv2rssvica9hcq0i3besxwjwruryxyeo0/bqnuleac000fy6dskpo1ogzelosqnmqhbsr1y3jmlehsyck9v0nuqhgzaaeu7hhvaqailjepdp01cbi6qcbhr7gb0bpyt6stqlnjqqvzcyhck1ikizgwe9uiverpzpa6a6dxlktcsppolmhuqlhokytyjaxsyp0xxkccasmvsrgwcjitzxfuwi7ukxl4l/vr4qu3fnpyo3tymph3aej+dcbvtgfqrga4eneizxelpg1ov1bn3mrnpwfoca/sd6/agmvpg7</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="s8szsbnrtplz6/tmnxwjvjky0ws=">aaab+nicbvdltgixfl2dl8txies3jctefc4ye3vhqsans0wciigbdeqbsqczattgmufx3lhq49yvceffwb4lbu9yc0/oute9pwhcmdko823lvlbx1jfym4wt7z3dpxu/wfnxkgn1scxj2qixopwj6mumow0kkuio5lqedm8mfv2rssvica9hcq0i3besxwjwruryxyeo0/bqnuleac000fy6dskpo1ogzelosqnmqhbsr1y3jmlehsyck9v0nuqhgzaaeu7hhvaqailjepdp01cbi6qcbhr7gb0bpyt6stqlnjqqvzcyhck1ikizgwe9uiverpzpa6a6dxlktcsppolmhuqlhokytyjaxsyp0xxkccasmvsrgwcjitzxfuwi7ukxl4l/vr4qu3fnpyo3tymph3aej+dcbvtgfqrga4eneizxelpg1ov1bn3mrnpwfoca/sd6/agmvpg7</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="uuetuxouxr57ocbaqrujtjfks0i=">aaab7hicbvbns8naej3ur1q/qh69lbbbu0leug9fl3qrynpcg8pmu2nxbnbd7kyiof/biwcvr/4gb/4bt20o2vpg4pheddpzwoqzbvz32ymtrk6tb5q3k1vbo7t71f2dlpapitqnkkvvcbgmnanqg2y47ssk4jjktb2ob6z++4kqzar4mflcgxgpbysywczkrv6iwf+ux625dxcgtey8gtsgqlnf/eonjeljkgzhwouu5yymyleyjha6qfrstrnmxnhiu5ykhfmd5lnrj+jekgmuswvlgdrtf0/kony6i0pbgwmz0ovevpzp66ymugxyjpluuehmi6kuiypr9hu0yioswznlmfhm3oricctmja2oykpwfl9ejv5z/aru3z/xgtdfgmu4gmm4bq8uoag30aqfcdzcm7zcmyodf+fd+zi3lpxi5hd+wpn8adztjto=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="uuetuxouxr57ocbaqrujtjfks0i=">aaab7hicbvbns8naej3ur1q/qh69lbbbu0leug9fl3qrynpcg8pmu2nxbnbd7kyiof/biwcvr/4gb/4bt20o2vpg4pheddpzwoqzbvz32ymtrk6tb5q3k1vbo7t71f2dlpapitqnkkvvcbgmnanqg2y47ssk4jjktb2ob6z++4kqzar4mflcgxgpbysywczkrv6iwf+ux625dxcgtey8gtsgqlnf/eonjeljkgzhwouu5yymyleyjha6qfrstrnmxnhiu5ykhfmd5lnrj+jekgmuswvlgdrtf0/kony6i0pbgwmz0ovevpzp66ymugxyjpluuehmi6kuiypr9hu0yioswznlmfhm3oricctmja2oykpwfl9ejv5z/aru3z/xgtdfgmu4gmm4bq8uoag30aqfcdzcm7zcmyodf+fd+zi3lpxi5hd+wpn8adztjto=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="uuetuxouxr57ocbaqrujtjfks0i=">aaab7hicbvbns8naej3ur1q/qh69lbbbu0leug9fl3qrynpcg8pmu2nxbnbd7kyiof/biwcvr/4gb/4bt20o2vpg4pheddpzwoqzbvz32ymtrk6tb5q3k1vbo7t71f2dlpapitqnkkvvcbgmnanqg2y47ssk4jjktb2ob6z++4kqzar4mflcgxgpbysywczkrv6iwf+ux625dxcgtey8gtsgqlnf/eonjeljkgzhwouu5yymyleyjha6qfrstrnmxnhiu5ykhfmd5lnrj+jekgmuswvlgdrtf0/kony6i0pbgwmz0ovevpzp66ymugxyjpluuehmi6kuiypr9hu0yioswznlmfhm3oricctmja2oykpwfl9ejv5z/aru3z/xgtdfgmu4gmm4bq8uoag30aqfcdzcm7zcmyodf+fd+zi3lpxi5hd+wpn8adztjto=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="uuetuxouxr57ocbaqrujtjfks0i=">aaab7hicbvbns8naej3ur1q/qh69lbbbu0leug9fl3qrynpcg8pmu2nxbnbd7kyiof/biwcvr/4gb/4bt20o2vpg4pheddpzwoqzbvz32ymtrk6tb5q3k1vbo7t71f2dlpapitqnkkvvcbgmnanqg2y47ssk4jjktb2ob6z++4kqzar4mflcgxgpbysywczkrv6iwf+ux625dxcgtey8gtsgqlnf/eonjeljkgzhwouu5yymyleyjha6qfrstrnmxnhiu5ykhfmd5lnrj+jekgmuswvlgdrtf0/kony6i0pbgwmz0ovevpzp66ymugxyjpluuehmi6kuiypr9hu0yioswznlmfhm3oricctmja2oykpwfl9ejv5z/aru3z/xgtdfgmu4gmm4bq8uoag30aqfcdzcm7zcmyodf+fd+zi3lpxi5hd+wpn8adztjto=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="ewk39/qrth5vcdeenp0w7ckg/gu=">aaab7hicbvbns8naej3ur1q/qh69lbbbu0leug9flx6rmlbqhrlzbtq1m92wuxfk6h/w4khfqz/im//gtzudtj4yelw3w8y8mofmg9f9dkorq2vrg+xnytb2zu5edf+gpwwqcpwj5fj1qqwpz4l6hhloo4mioa45byfjm9xvp1glmrqpzplqimzdwsjgslfsq5do1r/vv2tu3z0blroviduo0oxxv3odsdkyckm41rrruykjmqwmi5xok71u0wstmr7srqucx1qh2ezaktqxygbfutksbs3u3xmzjrwexkhtjlez6uuvf//zuqmjloomisq1vjd5oijlyeiuv44gtffi+mqstbsztyiywgotywoq2bc8xzexix9wv6p7d+e1xnwrrhmo4bhowymlamatnmehao/wdk/w5kjnxxl3puatjaeyoyq/cd5/aoqijum=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="ewk39/qrth5vcdeenp0w7ckg/gu=">aaab7hicbvbns8naej3ur1q/qh69lbbbu0leug9flx6rmlbqhrlzbtq1m92wuxfk6h/w4khfqz/im//gtzudtj4yelw3w8y8mofmg9f9dkorq2vrg+xnytb2zu5edf+gpwwqcpwj5fj1qqwpz4l6hhloo4mioa45byfjm9xvp1glmrqpzplqimzdwsjgslfsq5do1r/vv2tu3z0blroviduo0oxxv3odsdkyckm41rrruykjmqwmi5xok71u0wstmr7srqucx1qh2ezaktqxygbfutksbs3u3xmzjrwexkhtjlez6uuvf//zuqmjloomisq1vjd5oijlyeiuv44gtffi+mqstbsztyiywgotywoq2bc8xzexix9wv6p7d+e1xnwrrhmo4bhowymlamatnmehao/wdk/w5kjnxxl3puatjaeyoyq/cd5/aoqijum=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="ewk39/qrth5vcdeenp0w7ckg/gu=">aaab7hicbvbns8naej3ur1q/qh69lbbbu0leug9flx6rmlbqhrlzbtq1m92wuxfk6h/w4khfqz/im//gtzudtj4yelw3w8y8mofmg9f9dkorq2vrg+xnytb2zu5edf+gpwwqcpwj5fj1qqwpz4l6hhloo4mioa45byfjm9xvp1glmrqpzplqimzdwsjgslfsq5do1r/vv2tu3z0blroviduo0oxxv3odsdkyckm41rrruykjmqwmi5xok71u0wstmr7srqucx1qh2ezaktqxygbfutksbs3u3xmzjrwexkhtjlez6uuvf//zuqmjloomisq1vjd5oijlyeiuv44gtffi+mqstbsztyiywgotywoq2bc8xzexix9wv6p7d+e1xnwrrhmo4bhowymlamatnmehao/wdk/w5kjnxxl3puatjaeyoyq/cd5/aoqijum=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="ewk39/qrth5vcdeenp0w7ckg/gu=">aaab7hicbvbns8naej3ur1q/qh69lbbbu0leug9flx6rmlbqhrlzbtq1m92wuxfk6h/w4khfqz/im//gtzudtj4yelw3w8y8mofmg9f9dkorq2vrg+xnytb2zu5edf+gpwwqcpwj5fj1qqwpz4l6hhloo4mioa45byfjm9xvp1glmrqpzplqimzdwsjgslfsq5do1r/vv2tu3z0blroviduo0oxxv3odsdkyckm41rrruykjmqwmi5xok71u0wstmr7srqucx1qh2ezaktqxygbfutksbs3u3xmzjrwexkhtjlez6uuvf//zuqmjloomisq1vjd5oijlyeiuv44gtffi+mqstbsztyiywgotywoq2bc8xzexix9wv6p7d+e1xnwrrhmo4bhowymlamatnmehao/wdk/w5kjnxxl3puatjaeyoyq/cd5/aoqijum=</latexit> I jµ B = µ )B Z j0 B dv = B R UNIFORM j B 0 = B/V = n B n B = i( )B = 1 2 ( R I R I )B
36 <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="f9fiounszeji7je5eefjsgnficy=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="rtvvpcwv6+iqefyebvssqfgiwgm=">aaacfnicbvdlsgmxfm3uv62vuzdugkuqhdojgrorunfzwdpcp5q7adqgjjpt5i5ssv/cjb/ixowkw3hn35g+ftp6iha451xu7gktkqx63retwvhcwl7jrubw1jc2t9ztntstp5rxmotlrkshgc5fxmsoupjqojmoupjk2l0a+zv7ro2io1vsj7yuob2jlmcavmq4hqcfbhlaazaaanhuiggdp9decrccpj16rcejoa1kqcpnewvvddpp/cnjkylkdfcramysvtxcjsgymu8lwb+arsekh+ac1paewbfavgzpbiqb+mb815aewkvjw7g2l0i6vn9pdeaz01ehtsrajpn1ruj/xi3f1nl9ikikrr6xyajwkingdfqsbqrngcq+jcc0sh+lramagnoqc7yef/bkevi+kvwu/jvtfpfy2kaw7jf9ckh8ckak5jqusjkw8kieyst5c56cf+fd+zhem850zpf8gfp5azronus=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="rtvvpcwv6+iqefyebvssqfgiwgm=">aaacfnicbvdlsgmxfm3uv62vuzdugkuqhdojgrorunfzwdpcp5q7adqgjjpt5i5ssv/cjb/ixowkw3hn35g+ftp6iha451xu7gktkqx63retwvhcwl7jrubw1jc2t9ztntstp5rxmotlrkshgc5fxmsoupjqojmoupjk2l0a+zv7ro2io1vsj7yuob2jlmcavmq4hqcfbhlaazaaanhuiggdp9decrccpj16rcejoa1kqcpnewvvddpp/cnjkylkdfcramysvtxcjsgymu8lwb+arsekh+ac1paewbfavgzpbiqb+mb815aewkvjw7g2l0i6vn9pdeaz01ehtsrajpn1ruj/xi3f1nl9ikikrr6xyajwkingdfqsbqrngcq+jcc0sh+lramagnoqc7yef/bkevi+kvwu/jvtfpfy2kaw7jf9ckh8ckak5jqusjkw8kieyst5c56cf+fd+zhem850zpf8gfp5azronus=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="rtvvpcwv6+iqefyebvssqfgiwgm=">aaacfnicbvdlsgmxfm3uv62vuzdugkuqhdojgrorunfzwdpcp5q7adqgjjpt5i5ssv/cjb/ixowkw3hn35g+ftp6iha451xu7gktkqx63retwvhcwl7jrubw1jc2t9ztntstp5rxmotlrkshgc5fxmsoupjqojmoupjk2l0a+zv7ro2io1vsj7yuob2jlmcavmq4hqcfbhlaazaaanhuiggdp9decrccpj16rcejoa1kqcpnewvvddpp/cnjkylkdfcramysvtxcjsgymu8lwb+arsekh+ac1paewbfavgzpbiqb+mb815aewkvjw7g2l0i6vn9pdeaz01ehtsrajpn1ruj/xi3f1nl9ikikrr6xyajwkingdfqsbqrngcq+jcc0sh+lramagnoqc7yef/bkevi+kvwu/jvtfpfy2kaw7jf9ckh8ckak5jqusjkw8kieyst5c56cf+fd+zhem850zpf8gfp5azronus=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="rtvvpcwv6+iqefyebvssqfgiwgm=">aaacfnicbvdlsgmxfm3uv62vuzdugkuqhdojgrorunfzwdpcp5q7adqgjjpt5i5ssv/cjb/ixowkw3hn35g+ftp6iha451xu7gktkqx63retwvhcwl7jrubw1jc2t9ztntstp5rxmotlrkshgc5fxmsoupjqojmoupjk2l0a+zv7ro2io1vsj7yuob2jlmcavmq4hqcfbhlaazaaanhuiggdp9decrccpj16rcejoa1kqcpnewvvddpp/cnjkylkdfcramysvtxcjsgymu8lwb+arsekh+ac1paewbfavgzpbiqb+mb815aewkvjw7g2l0i6vn9pdeaz01ehtsrajpn1ruj/xi3f1nl9ikikrr6xyajwkingdfqsbqrngcq+jcc0sh+lramagnoqc7yef/bkevi+kvwu/jvtfpfy2kaw7jf9ckh8ckak5jqusjkw8kieyst5c56cf+fd+zhem850zpf8gfp5azronus=</latexit> AFFLECK-DINE BARYOGENESIS V ( ) =m 2 + i 2 ( 4 4 ) WHEN IS LARGE B AND CP VIOLATING QUARTIC COUPLINGS DOMINATE. n B IS CREATED LATER QUADRATIC TERMS DOMINATE. NO NEW n B DECAYS (e.g. q <latexit sha1_base64="fyjx9pkpa3xd4pnojcgdbdivkbg=">aaab6nicbvbnswmxej2tx7v+vt16crbbu9kvqb0vvxis4npcu5rsmm1dk2xiskjz+he8efdx6i/y5r8x2+5bqw8ghu/nmdmvvpwz6/tfxmvldw19o7pz29re2d2r7x88mdtthiyk5anuxthqziqnlbocdpwmwmscduljtef3hqk2ljx3dqpojpbisoqrbauprwwb1bt+058d/svbsrpqoj2of/ahkckelzzwbewv8jwncqwti5zoav3muixjbi9oz1gjbtvrpr91hk6cmkrjql1ji+bqz4kcc2ominadatuxwfyk8t+vl9nkmsqzvjmlkiwwjrlhnkxf42jincwwtx3brdn3kyjjrdgxlp6acyfyfvkvcc+av83g7rzrui7tqmirhmmpbhablbifnorayaxp8akvnvcevtfvfdfa8cqzq/gf7+mbkwoohg==</latexit> c! q/ q + ) AND GET BAU 36
37 SUSY FLAT DIRECTIONS DECREASE DELAYED THERMALISATION DURING REHEATING 37
38 e.g., q qa µ A µ NON-ZERO VALUE OF GIVES MASS TO GAUGE BOSONS (BREAKS GAUGE SYMMETRY), FLAT DIRECTION EXPECTATION VALUE CAN BE GEV OR HIGHER THERMALISATION DURING REHEATING DUE TO PROCESSES MEDIATED BY GAUGE BOSONS PHOTONS (EM), GLUONS (STRONG) 38
39 IF ALL GAUGE BOSONS GET MASS [LLddd, QuQue], IT SLOWS DOWN THERMALISATION AFTER INFLATION A PHOTON C B D
40 STANDARD PICTURE OF REHEATING: INFLATON DECAYS THERMALISE KINETIC EQM CHEMICAL EQM FLAT DIRECTIONS: INFLATON DECAYS DELAYED THERMALISATION DILUTE PLASMA GRAVITINOS PRODUCED BY SCATTERING OF INFLATON DECAY PRODUCTS [n.n] ALLAHVERDI AND MAZUMDAR; RR AND A. SARKAR
41 GRAVITINO PROBLEM AGAIN! WITH SOME FLAT DIRECTIONS, HIT A RESONANCE GRAVITINO ABUNDANCE GENERATED IS VERY LARGE AND GREATER THAN THE COSMOLOGICAL UPPER BOUND FOR MOST PARAMETER SPACE COSMOLOGICAL UPPER BOUND IS Y < FOR DIFFERENT SETS OF PARAMETERS WHY AMBIGUITY? Y = MAHAJAN, RR AND A. SARKAR 41
42 SUSY FLAT DIRECTIONS GENERATE PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELDS 42
43 PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELDS DETECTED MAGNETIC FIELDS ON DIFFERENT COSMOLOGICAL LENGTH SCALES FROM GALAXIES TO CLUSTERS ORIGIN IS UNKNOWN DYNAMO THEORY: PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELD, AMPLIFIED BY DYNAMO PROCESS SOURCE OF PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELD UNKNOWN KANDASWAMY 43
44 <latexit sha1_base64="th3qaitzwztbyrnz0c8exffcfjw=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="th3qaitzwztbyrnz0c8exffcfjw=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="th3qaitzwztbyrnz0c8exffcfjw=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="th3qaitzwztbyrnz0c8exffcfjw=">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</latexit> PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATE THE PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELD DURING INFLATION GAUGE FIELD A µ (x) = X Z d 3 k µ (k)a k (t)exp(ik.x)a k + h.c. SOLVE EOM FOR A k IN CURVED SPACETIME A k (t) CAN GROW IF m A 0 EQUIVALENT TO CREATING E AND B FIELDS E DISAPPEARS. GET PRIMORDIAL B.
45 PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELDS q qa µ A µ NON-ZERO VALUE OF AFFLECK-DINE FIELD GIVES MASS TO A μ FLAT DIRECTIONS CAN GIVE RISE TO PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELDS ENQVIST, JOKINEN AND MAZUMDAR 45
46 SUSY DARK MATTER IF R PARITY IS CONSERVED, LSP IS STABLE IF IT IS FEEBLY INTERACTING WITH LIGHT AND OTHER PARTICLES (NEUTRAL, COLOURLESS), AND HAS THE RIGHT ENERGY DENSITY TODAY IT CAN BE THE DARK MATTER IT TURNS OUT THAT AN LSP (NEUTRALINO, SNEUTRINO) SATISFIES THESE PROPERTIES AND WITH THE MASS ~ 100 GeV HAS THE RIGHT ENERGY DENSITY (WIMP MIRACLE) 46
47 SUSY DARK MATTER EARLY UNIVERSE ALL SUSY AND SM PARTICLES IN THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM, Γ > H AS PARTICLES BECOME NON-RELATIVISTIC THEY TEND TO ANNIHILATE AND DISAPPEAR (HEAVY QUARKS, MUONS, TAU, HIGGS, SUSY PARTICLES) ONLY THE LIGHTEST SURVIVE (ELECTRON; u, d à p, n; PHOTON, LIGHT NEUTRINOS, LSP) 47
48 <latexit sha1_base64="jmrdim1payh6ow00aebqvc/mrjm=">aaacixicbzbnswmxeiazftb6terrs7aihqtsqqa9ceuvhqtyw2jqkk2zbwg2uyzzosz7w7z4v7x4uoln/dom2ylaohdy5j0zjvp6mwdko86nnte/sli0xfgprq6tb2zaw9t3kkokoxus8ug2fawoz4lwndocnmnjcehz2vd7l6n845fkxsjxqwcxbye4k1jacnzg8uxkecle5dkinsmqokphot+u0ocmokbikt7kj/vjzjbjlosknl1yyk4ecbbccztajgqepusdicqhfzpwrftldwldtrhujhcafvgiaixjh3dpy6daivxtnf8xg/tg6cagkuyidxp1d0ekq6ugow8qq6x7ajo3ev/ltridnlvtjujeu0hgg4keqx3bkv+wwyqlmg8myckz+sskpww80cbvkqnu9mqzud8qv8ru9umpejfxowb2wr44ac44bvvwbwqgdgh4ai/gdbxbz9ar9wenx6vz1qrnb/wj6+sbvl+hww==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="jmrdim1payh6ow00aebqvc/mrjm=">aaacixicbzbnswmxeiazftb6terrs7aihqtsqqa9ceuvhqtyw2jqkk2zbwg2uyzzosz7w7z4v7x4uoln/dom2ylaohdy5j0zjvp6mwdko86nnte/sli0xfgprq6tb2zaw9t3kkokoxus8ug2fawoz4lwndocnmnjcehz2vd7l6n845fkxsjxqwcxbye4k1jacnzg8uxkecle5dkinsmqokphot+u0ocmokbikt7kj/vjzjbjlosknl1yyk4ecbbccztajgqepusdicqhfzpwrftldwldtrhujhcafvgiaixjh3dpy6daivxtnf8xg/tg6cagkuyidxp1d0ekq6ugow8qq6x7ajo3ev/ltridnlvtjujeu0hgg4keqx3bkv+wwyqlmg8myckz+sskpww80cbvkqnu9mqzud8qv8ru9umpejfxowb2wr44ac44bvvwbwqgdgh4ai/gdbxbz9ar9wenx6vz1qrnb/wj6+sbvl+hww==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="jmrdim1payh6ow00aebqvc/mrjm=">aaacixicbzbnswmxeiazftb6terrs7aihqtsqqa9ceuvhqtyw2jqkk2zbwg2uyzzosz7w7z4v7x4uoln/dom2ylaohdy5j0zjvp6mwdko86nnte/sli0xfgprq6tb2zaw9t3kkokoxus8ug2fawoz4lwndocnmnjcehz2vd7l6n845fkxsjxqwcxbye4k1jacnzg8uxkecle5dkinsmqokphot+u0ocmokbikt7kj/vjzjbjlosknl1yyk4ecbbccztajgqepusdicqhfzpwrftldwldtrhujhcafvgiaixjh3dpy6daivxtnf8xg/tg6cagkuyidxp1d0ekq6ugow8qq6x7ajo3ev/ltridnlvtjujeu0hgg4keqx3bkv+wwyqlmg8myckz+sskpww80cbvkqnu9mqzud8qv8ru9umpejfxowb2wr44ac44bvvwbwqgdgh4ai/gdbxbz9ar9wenx6vz1qrnb/wj6+sbvl+hww==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="jmrdim1payh6ow00aebqvc/mrjm=">aaacixicbzbnswmxeiazftb6terrs7aihqtsqqa9ceuvhqtyw2jqkk2zbwg2uyzzosz7w7z4v7x4uoln/dom2ylaohdy5j0zjvp6mwdko86nnte/sli0xfgprq6tb2zaw9t3kkokoxus8ug2fawoz4lwndocnmnjcehz2vd7l6n845fkxsjxqwcxbye4k1jacnzg8uxkecle5dkinsmqokphot+u0ocmokbikt7kj/vjzjbjlosknl1yyk4ecbbccztajgqepusdicqhfzpwrftldwldtrhujhcafvgiaixjh3dpy6daivxtnf8xg/tg6cagkuyidxp1d0ekq6ugow8qq6x7ajo3ev/ltridnlvtjujeu0hgg4keqx3bkv+wwyqlmg8myckz+sskpww80cbvkqnu9mqzud8qv8ru9umpejfxowb2wr44ac44bvvwbwqgdgh4ai/gdbxbz9ar9wenx6vz1qrnb/wj6+sbvl+hww==</latexit> SOME LIGHTEST PARTICLES GO OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM WHEN THEY ARE RELATIVISTIC (LIGHT NEUTRINOS) AND SOME AFTER THEY BECOME NON- RELATIVISTIC (ELECTRON, n, p, LSP) Γ = H (FREEZE OUT CONDITION) AFTER OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM, n ~ 1/R 3, Y=n/s FROZEN 0 = mn 0 = mn eq R 3 eq R 3 0 R ~ 1/T IF NO ENTROPY RELEASE = mn(t eq ) T 3 0 T 3 eq 48
49 KNOWING T eq IS IMPORTANT. OBTAIN IT FROM Γ = n <! v > = H <.. > IS FOR THERMALLY AVERAGED CROSS SECTION WHEN A SPECIES BECOMES NON-RELATIVISTIC, n ~ exp(-m/t) AND! FALL, AND Γ < H FOR THE LSP, WE FIND T eq = m/20 (WEAK INTERACTIONS. FOR ELECTRON IT IS m/10 6 AND FOR PROTON IT IS m/10 9 ) 49
50 <latexit sha1_base64="gvs0jfbittjwn7vvd5fzr6c51b0=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="gvs0jfbittjwn7vvd5fzr6c51b0=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="gvs0jfbittjwn7vvd5fzr6c51b0=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="gvs0jfbittjwn7vvd5fzr6c51b0=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="/e/z/fe/3xrqi4pb0t0xcasj4bw=">aaace3icbzdnssnafiun9a/wv6hln4nfqcgluufdceu3liu0ttdemjlo2qgtszyzccxkidz4km5cqlh14863cdpmoa0hbj7ovzc79/gxo1jz1rdrmjtfwfwqlpdwvtfwn8znrvszjqktjo5yjno+korrtpqkkkbassao9blp+yorub31qiskew+oyuzcepu4dshgslueeecifgqvyaidq15pecm5z/adqcccnjzr7jhlj56mkmewrao1fpwfo4cyyfx3zc+ng+ekjfxhhqts2fas3bqjrtejwcljjikrhqae6wjkkctstcdhzxbpo10yrei/rudy/t2roldkyejrzhcpvpyujcz/ap1ebwdusnmckmlxzfgqmkgioeoidqkgwlghboqf1x+fui90ikrnoarbnj55fpph1foqfxnsrl3martbdtgffwcdu1ad16aomgcdr/amxsgb8ws8go/gx6s1yoqz2+cpjm8f8+ydha==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="/e/z/fe/3xrqi4pb0t0xcasj4bw=">aaace3icbzdnssnafiun9a/wv6hln4nfqcgluufdceu3liu0ttdemjlo2qgtszyzccxkidz4km5cqlh14863cdpmoa0hbj7ovzc79/gxo1jz1rdrmjtfwfwqlpdwvtfwn8znrvszjqktjo5yjno+korrtpqkkkbassao9blp+yorub31qiskew+oyuzcepu4dshgslueeecifgqvyaidq15pecm5z/adqcccnjzr7jhlj56mkmewrao1fpwfo4cyyfx3zc+ng+ekjfxhhqts2fas3bqjrtejwcljjikrhqae6wjkkctstcdhzxbpo10yrei/rudy/t2roldkyejrzhcpvpyujcz/ap1ebwdusnmckmlxzfgqmkgioeoidqkgwlghboqf1x+fui90ikrnoarbnj55fpph1foqfxnsrl3martbdtgffwcdu1ad16aomgcdr/amxsgb8ws8go/gx6s1yoqz2+cpjm8f8+ydha==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="/e/z/fe/3xrqi4pb0t0xcasj4bw=">aaace3icbzdnssnafiun9a/wv6hln4nfqcgluufdceu3liu0ttdemjlo2qgtszyzccxkidz4km5cqlh14863cdpmoa0hbj7ovzc79/gxo1jz1rdrmjtfwfwqlpdwvtfwn8znrvszjqktjo5yjno+korrtpqkkkbassao9blp+yorub31qiskew+oyuzcepu4dshgslueeecifgqvyaidq15pecm5z/adqcccnjzr7jhlj56mkmewrao1fpwfo4cyyfx3zc+ng+ekjfxhhqts2fas3bqjrtejwcljjikrhqae6wjkkctstcdhzxbpo10yrei/rudy/t2roldkyejrzhcpvpyujcz/ap1ebwdusnmckmlxzfgqmkgioeoidqkgwlghboqf1x+fui90ikrnoarbnj55fpph1foqfxnsrl3martbdtgffwcdu1ad16aomgcdr/amxsgb8ws8go/gx6s1yoqz2+cpjm8f8+ydha==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="/e/z/fe/3xrqi4pb0t0xcasj4bw=">aaace3icbzdnssnafiun9a/wv6hln4nfqcgluufdceu3liu0ttdemjlo2qgtszyzccxkidz4km5cqlh14863cdpmoa0hbj7ovzc79/gxo1jz1rdrmjtfwfwqlpdwvtfwn8znrvszjqktjo5yjno+korrtpqkkkbassao9blp+yorub31qiskew+oyuzcepu4dshgslueeecifgqvyaidq15pecm5z/adqcccnjzr7jhlj56mkmewrao1fpwfo4cyyfx3zc+ng+ekjfxhhqts2fas3bqjrtejwcljjikrhqae6wjkkctstcdhzxbpo10yrei/rudy/t2roldkyejrzhcpvpyujcz/ap1ebwdusnmckmlxzfgqmkgioeoidqkgwlghboqf1x+fui90ikrnoarbnj55fpph1foqfxnsrl3martbdtgffwcdu1ad16aomgcdr/amxsgb8ws8go/gx6s1yoqz2+cpjm8f8+ydha==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="kf6azhqigk8k/k1aw+/ju6bsko4=">aaab+nicbzbps8mwgmbt+w/of3uevqsh4gm0iqghyaghl8ie6wzbkwmwbmfpupjuhkvfxyshfa9+em9+g7oub918ipdjed+x980tjowq7tjfvmvpewv1rbpe29jc2t6xd+spsqqsew8ljmq3riowyomnqwakm0ic4pcrtji+mty7j0qqkvi9nitej9gq04hipi0v2pw+hinagrewgoz6ng/shtn0csffcetogfltwp7qdwroy8i1zkipnusk2s+q1bqzktf6qsijwmm0jd2dhmve+vlxew4pjtoakzdmcq0l9/dehmkljnfoomokr2q+njx/q/vshz35gevjqgnhs0vryqawcboehfbjsgytawhlam6feiqkwtrevtmhupnfxgtvuhnedo9ogq3lmo0q2ach4ai44bs0wa1oaw9g8asewst4s3lrxxq3pmatfauc2qn/zh3+ac9xk3e=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="kf6azhqigk8k/k1aw+/ju6bsko4=">aaab+nicbzbps8mwgmbt+w/of3uevqsh4gm0iqghyaghl8ie6wzbkwmwbmfpupjuhkvfxyshfa9+em9+g7oub918ipdjed+x980tjowq7tjfvmvpewv1rbpe29jc2t6xd+spsqqsew8ljmq3riowyomnqwakm0ic4pcrtji+mty7j0qqkvi9nitej9gq04hipi0v2pw+hinagrewgoz6ng/shtn0csffcetogfltwp7qdwroy8i1zkipnusk2s+q1bqzktf6qsijwmm0jd2dhmve+vlxew4pjtoakzdmcq0l9/dehmkljnfoomokr2q+njx/q/vshz35gevjqgnhs0vryqawcboehfbjsgytawhlam6feiqkwtrevtmhupnfxgtvuhnedo9ogq3lmo0q2ach4ai44bs0wa1oaw9g8asewst4s3lrxxq3pmatfauc2qn/zh3+ac9xk3e=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="kf6azhqigk8k/k1aw+/ju6bsko4=">aaab+nicbzbps8mwgmbt+w/of3uevqsh4gm0iqghyaghl8ie6wzbkwmwbmfpupjuhkvfxyshfa9+em9+g7oub918ipdjed+x980tjowq7tjfvmvpewv1rbpe29jc2t6xd+spsqqsew8ljmq3riowyomnqwakm0ic4pcrtji+mty7j0qqkvi9nitej9gq04hipi0v2pw+hinagrewgoz6ng/shtn0csffcetogfltwp7qdwroy8i1zkipnusk2s+q1bqzktf6qsijwmm0jd2dhmve+vlxew4pjtoakzdmcq0l9/dehmkljnfoomokr2q+njx/q/vshz35gevjqgnhs0vryqawcboehfbjsgytawhlam6feiqkwtrevtmhupnfxgtvuhnedo9ogq3lmo0q2ach4ai44bs0wa1oaw9g8asewst4s3lrxxq3pmatfauc2qn/zh3+ac9xk3e=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="kf6azhqigk8k/k1aw+/ju6bsko4=">aaab+nicbzbps8mwgmbt+w/of3uevqsh4gm0iqghyaghl8ie6wzbkwmwbmfpupjuhkvfxyshfa9+em9+g7oub918ipdjed+x980tjowq7tjfvmvpewv1rbpe29jc2t6xd+spsqqsew8ljmq3riowyomnqwakm0ic4pcrtji+mty7j0qqkvi9nitej9gq04hipi0v2pw+hinagrewgoz6ng/shtn0csffcetogfltwp7qdwroy8i1zkipnusk2s+q1bqzktf6qsijwmm0jd2dhmve+vlxew4pjtoakzdmcq0l9/dehmkljnfoomokr2q+njx/q/vshz35gevjqgnhs0vryqawcboehfbjsgytawhlam6feiqkwtrevtmhupnfxgtvuhnedo9ogq3lmo0q2ach4ai44bs0wa1oaw9g8asewst4s3lrxxq3pmatfauc2qn/zh3+ac9xk3e=</latexit> FOR THE LSP, WE FIND T eq = m/20 = mn(t eq ) T 3 0 T 3 eq n(t )=g mt 2 3/2 e m/t FOR m ~ 100 GeV, 0 = DM WIMP MIRACLE 50
51 CANDIDATE SUSY DARK MATTER NEUTRALINOS (LIGHTEST COMBO OF WINO, BINO, 2 NEUTRAL HIGGSINOS) SNEUTRINOS m ~ 100 GeV; WIMP MIRACLE NEUTRALINO NOT SEEN YET (MODEL DEPENDENT) SNEUTRINOCURRENTLY RULED OUT IN MSSM 51
52 CANDIDATE SUSY DARK MATTER GRAVITINO VERY WEAKLY COUPLED, DIFFICULT TO DETECT; CREATED THROUGH DECAY OF NLSP AS NOT THERMAL IN EARLY UNIV DUE TO VERY WEAK COUPLING, m ~ ev AXINO CREATED THROUGH THERMAL SCATTERING OF PARTICLES (LIKE GRAVITINO) OR OUT OF EQM DECAY OF NLSP m ~ kev - TeV 52
Gravitinos, Reheating and the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry of the Universe
Gravitinos, Reheating and the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry of the Universe Raghavan Rangarajan Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad with N. Sahu, A. Sarkar, N. Mahajan OUTLINE THE MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY
More informationOrigin of the Universe - 2 ASTR 2120 Sarazin. What does it all mean?
Origin of the Universe - 2 ASTR 2120 Sarazin What does it all mean? Fundamental Questions in Cosmology 1. Why did the Big Bang occur? 2. Why is the Universe old? 3. Why is the Universe made of matter?
More informationSUPERSYMETRY FOR ASTROPHYSICISTS
Dark Matter: From the Cosmos to the Laboratory SUPERSYMETRY FOR ASTROPHYSICISTS Jonathan Feng University of California, Irvine 29 Jul 1 Aug 2007 SLAC Summer Institute 30 Jul 1 Aug 07 Feng 1 Graphic: N.
More informationLecture 18 - Beyond the Standard Model
Lecture 18 - Beyond the Standard Model Why is the Standard Model incomplete? Grand Unification Baryon and Lepton Number Violation More Higgs Bosons? Supersymmetry (SUSY) Experimental signatures for SUSY
More informationIntroduction to Cosmology
Introduction to Cosmology Subir Sarkar CERN Summer training Programme, 22-28 July 2008 Seeing the edge of the Universe: From speculation to science Constructing the Universe: The history of the Universe:
More informationProject Paper May 13, A Selection of Dark Matter Candidates
A688R Holly Sheets Project Paper May 13, 2008 A Selection of Dark Matter Candidates Dark matter was first introduced as a solution to the unexpected shape of our galactic rotation curve; instead of showing
More informationBig Bang Nucleosynthesis and Particle Physics
New Generation Quantum Theory -Particle Physics, Cosmology and Chemistry- Kyoto University Mar.7-9 2016 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Particle Physics Masahiro Kawasaki (ICRR & Kavli IPMU, University of
More informationIs SUSY still alive? Dmitri Kazakov JINR
2 1 0 2 The l o o h c S n a e p o r Eu y g r e n E h g i of H s c i s y PAnhjou, France 2 1 0 2 e n 6 19 Ju Is SUSY still alive? Dmitri Kazakov JINR 1 1 Why do we love SUSY? Unifying various spins SUSY
More informationHot Big Bang model: early Universe and history of matter
Hot Big Bang model: early Universe and history of matter nitial soup with elementary particles and radiation in thermal equilibrium. adiation dominated era (recall energy density grows faster than matter
More informationThe first one second of the early universe and physics beyond the Standard Model
The first one second of the early universe and physics beyond the Standard Model Koichi Hamaguchi (University of Tokyo) @ Colloquium at Yonsei University, November 9th, 2016. Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/M.Markevitch
More informationMaking Dark Matter. Manuel Drees. Bonn University & Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics. Making Dark Matter p. 1/35
Making Dark Matter Manuel Drees Bonn University & Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics Making Dark Matter p. 1/35 Contents 1 Introduction: The need for DM Making Dark Matter p. 2/35 Contents 1 Introduction:
More informationRelating the Baryon Asymmetry to WIMP Miracle Dark Matter
Brussels 20/4/12 Relating the Baryon Asymmetry to WIMP Miracle Dark Matter PRD 84 (2011) 103514 (arxiv:1108.4653) + PRD 83 (2011) 083509 (arxiv:1009.3227) John McDonald, LMS Consortium for Fundamental
More information2. The evolution and structure of the universe is governed by General Relativity (GR).
7/11 Chapter 12 Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe. We start with two assumptions: 1. Cosmological Principle: On a large enough scale (large compared
More informationSupersymmetry and other theories of Dark Matter Candidates
Supersymmetry and other theories of Dark Matter Candidates Ellie Lockner 798G Presentation 3/1/07 798G 3/1/07 1 Overview Why bother with a new theory? Why is Supersymmetry a good solution? Basics of Supersymmetry
More informationPhysics 662. Particle Physics Phenomenology. February 21, Physics 662, lecture 13 1
Physics 662 Particle Physics Phenomenology February 21, 2002 Physics 662, lecture 13 1 Physics Beyond the Standard Model Supersymmetry Grand Unified Theories: the SU(5) GUT Unification energy and weak
More informationAstronomy 182: Origin and Evolution of the Universe
Astronomy 182: Origin and Evolution of the Universe Prof. Josh Frieman Lecture 12 Nov. 18, 2015 Today Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Neutrinos Particle Physics & the Early Universe Standard Model of Particle
More informationWeek 3 - Part 2 Recombination and Dark Matter. Joel Primack
Astro/Phys 224 Spring 2012 Origin and Evolution of the Universe Week 3 - Part 2 Recombination and Dark Matter Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz http://pdg.lbl.gov/ In addition to the textbooks
More informationThe Early Universe. Overview: The Early Universe. Accelerators recreate the early universe. Simple Friedmann equation for the radiation era:
The Early Universe Notes based on Teaching Company lectures, and associated undergraduate text with some additional material added. ) From µs to s: quark confinement; particle freezout. 2) From s to 3
More informationKaluza-Klein Theories - basic idea. Fig. from B. Greene, 00
Kaluza-Klein Theories - basic idea Fig. from B. Greene, 00 Kaluza-Klein Theories - basic idea mued mass spectrum Figure 3.2: (Taken from [46]). The full spectrum of the UED model at the first KK level,
More informationThe Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry and New Interactions
The Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry and New Interactions The baryon (matter) asymmetry The Sakharov conditions Possible mechanisms A new very weak interaction Recent Reviews M. Trodden, Electroweak baryogenesis,
More informationGravitino LSP as Dark Matter in the Constrained MSSM
Gravitino LSP as Dark Matter in the Constrained MSSM Ki Young Choi The Dark Side of the Universe, Madrid, 20-24 June 2006 Astro-Particle Theory and Cosmology Group The University of Sheffield, UK In collaboration
More informationLecture 03. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part III Extensions of the Standard Model
Lecture 03 The Standard Model of Particle Physics Part III Extensions of the Standard Model Where the SM Works Excellent description of 3 of the 4 fundamental forces Explains nuclear structure, quark confinement,
More informationInflation from a SUSY Axion Model
Inflation from a SUSY Axion Model Masahiro Kawasaki (ICRR, Univ of Tokyo) with Naoya Kitajima (ICRR, Univ of Tokyo) Kazunori Nakayama (Univ of Tokyo) Based on papers MK, Kitajima, Nakayama, PRD 82, 123531
More informationSupersymmetry and a Candidate for Dark Matter
Supersymmetry and a Candidate for Dark Matter Elizabeth Lockner Department of Physics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 April 20, 2007. The Standard Model has been a powerful tool in understanding
More informationAn Introduction to Particle Physics
An Introduction to Particle Physics The Universe started with a Big Bang The Universe started with a Big Bang What is our Universe made of? Particle physics aims to understand Elementary (fundamental)
More informationA Minimal Supersymmetric Cosmological Model
A Minimal Supersymmetric Cosmological Model Ewan Stewart KAIST COSMO/CosPA 2010 University of Tokyo 29 September 2010 EDS, M Kawasaki, T Yanagida D Jeong, K Kadota, W-I Park, EDS G N Felder, H Kim, W-I
More informationNovember 24, Scalar Dark Matter from Grand Unified Theories. T. Daniel Brennan. Standard Model. Dark Matter. GUTs. Babu- Mohapatra Model
Scalar from November 24, 2014 1 2 3 4 5 What is the? Gauge theory that explains strong weak, and electromagnetic forces SU(3) C SU(2) W U(1) Y Each generation (3) has 2 quark flavors (each comes in one
More informationAxino Phenomenology in the Kim-Nilles mechanism
CP3, SDU, Odense, 11 Aug. 2014 Axino Phenomenology in the Kim-Nilles mechanism Eung Jin Chun Outline Introduction to strong CP problem & axion. KSVZ & DFSZ axion models. Supersymmetric axion models and
More informationSUSY Phenomenology & Experimental searches
SUSY Phenomenology & Experimental searches Slides available at: Alex Tapper http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/~tapper/lecture.html Objectives - Know what Supersymmetry (SUSY) is - Understand qualitatively the
More informationAstroparticle Physics at Colliders
Astroparticle Physics at Colliders Manuel Drees Bonn University Astroparticle Physics p. 1/29 Contents 1) Introduction: A brief history of the universe Astroparticle Physics p. 2/29 Contents 1) Introduction:
More informationChapter 22 Back to the Beginning of Time
Chapter 22 Back to the Beginning of Time Expansion of Universe implies dense, hot start: Big Bang Back to the Big Bang The early Universe was both dense and hot. Equivalent mass density of radiation (E=mc
More informationBaryogenesis and Particle Antiparticle Oscillations
Baryogenesis and Particle Antiparticle Oscillations Seyda Ipek UC Irvine SI, John March-Russell, arxiv:1604.00009 Sneak peek There is more matter than antimatter - baryogenesis SM cannot explain this There
More informationPhysics Beyond the Standard Model. Marina Cobal Fisica Sperimentale Nucleare e Sub-Nucleare
Physics Beyond the Standard Model Marina Cobal Fisica Sperimentale Nucleare e Sub-Nucleare Increasingly General Theories Grand Unified Theories of electroweak and strong interactions Supersymmetry
More informationDARK MATTER. Martti Raidal NICPB & University of Helsinki Tvärminne summer school 1
DARK MATTER Martti Raidal NICPB & University of Helsinki 28.05.2010 Tvärminne summer school 1 Energy budget of the Universe 73,4% - Dark Energy WMAP fits to the ΛCDM model Distant supernova 23% - Dark
More informationBaryon-Dark Matter Coincidence. Bhaskar Dutta. Texas A&M University
Baryon-Dark Matter Coincidence Bhaskar Dutta Texas A&M University Based on work in Collaboration with Rouzbeh Allahverdi and Kuver Sinha Phys.Rev. D83 (2011) 083502, Phys.Rev. D82 (2010) 035004 Miami 2011
More informationDark Matter and Dark Energy components chapter 7
Dark Matter and Dark Energy components chapter 7 Lecture 3 See also Dark Matter awareness week December 2010 http://www.sissa.it/ap/dmg/index.html The early universe chapters 5 to 8 Particle Astrophysics,
More informationOpen Questions in Particle Physics. Carlos Wagner Physics Department, EFI and KICP, Univ. of Chicago HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Open Questions in Particle Physics Carlos Wagner Physics Department, EFI and KICP, Univ. of Chicago HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory Society of Physics Students, Univ. of Chicago, Nov. 21, 2016
More informationAstroparticle Physics and the LC
Astroparticle Physics and the LC Manuel Drees Bonn University Astroparticle Physics p. 1/32 Contents 1) Introduction: A brief history of the universe Astroparticle Physics p. 2/32 Contents 1) Introduction:
More informationPangenesis in a Baryon-Symmetric Universe: Dark and Visible Matter via the Affleck-Dine Mechanism
Pangenesis in a Baryon-Symmetric Universe: Dark and Visible Matter via the Affleck-Dine Mechanism Kalliopi Petraki University of Melbourne (in collaboration with: R. Volkas, N. Bell, I. Shoemaker) COSMO
More informationChapter 22: Cosmology - Back to the Beginning of Time
Chapter 22: Cosmology - Back to the Beginning of Time Expansion of Universe implies dense, hot start: Big Bang Future of universe depends on the total amount of dark and normal matter Amount of matter
More informationPhysics 133: Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology. Week 8
Physics 133: Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology Week 8 Outline for Week 8 Primordial Nucleosynthesis Successes of the standard Big Bang model Olbers paradox/age of the Universe Hubble s law CMB Chemical/Physical
More informationBig-Bang nucleosynthesis, early Universe and relic particles. Alexandre Arbey. Moriond Cosmology La Thuile, Italy March 23rd, 2018
Big-Bang nucleosynthesis, early Universe and relic particles Alexandre Arbey Lyon U. & CERN TH Moriond Cosmology 2018 La Thuile, Italy March 23rd, 2018 Introduction Alexandre Arbey Moriond Cosmology 2018
More informationSupersymmetry Basics. J. Hewett SSI J. Hewett
Supersymmetry Basics J. Hewett SSI 2012 J. Hewett Basic SUSY References A Supersymmetry Primer, Steve Martin hep-ph/9709356 Theory and Phenomenology of Sparticles, Manual Drees, Rohini Godbole, Probir
More informationBig Bang Nucleosynthesis
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis George Gamow (1904-1968) 5 t dec ~10 yr T dec 0.26 ev Neutrons-protons inter-converting processes At the equilibrium: Equilibrium holds until 0 t ~14 Gyr Freeze-out temperature
More informationIMPLICATIONS OF PARTICLE PHYSICS FOR COSMOLOGY
IMPLICATIONS OF PARTICLE PHYSICS FOR COSMOLOGY Jonathan Feng University of California, Irvine 28-29 July 2005 PiTP, IAS, Princeton 28-29 July 05 Feng 1 Graphic: N. Graf OVERVIEW This Program anticipates
More informationThe Dark Matter Puzzle and a Supersymmetric Solution. Andrew Box UH Physics
The Dark Matter Puzzle and a Supersymmetric Solution Andrew Box UH Physics Outline What is the Dark Matter (DM) problem? How can we solve it? What is Supersymmetry (SUSY)? One possible SUSY solution How
More informationKiwoon Choi (KAIST) 3 rd GCOE Symposium Feb (Tohoku Univ.)
Exploring New Physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics Kiwoon Choi (KAIST) 3 rd GCOE Symposium Feb. 2011 (Tohoku Univ.) We are confronting a critical moment of particle physics with the CERN
More informationParticle Physics and Cosmology II: Dark Matter
Particle Physics and Cosmology II: Dark Matter Mark Trodden Center for Particle Cosmology University of Pennsylvania Second Lecture Puerto Vallarta Mexico 1/13/2011 Problems of Modern Cosmology Is cosmic
More informationEntropy, Baryon Asymmetry and Dark Matter from Heavy Neutrino Decays.
Entropy, Baryon Asymmetry and Dark Matter from Heavy Neutrino Decays. Kai Schmitz Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany Based on arxiv:1008.2355 [hep-ph] and arxiv:1104.2750 [hep-ph].
More informationThe Standard Model of particle physics and beyond
The Standard Model of particle physics and beyond - Lecture 3: Beyond the Standard Model Avelino Vicente IFIC CSIC / U. Valencia Physics and astrophysics of cosmic rays in space Milano September 2016 1
More informationIt is possible for a couple of elliptical galaxies to collide and become a spiral and for two spiral galaxies to collide and form an elliptical.
7/16 Ellipticals: 1. Very little gas and dust an no star formation. 2. Composed of old stars. 3. Masses range from hundreds of thousands to 10's of trillions of solar masses. 4. Sizes range from 3000 ly
More informationFirst some Introductory Stuff => On The Web.
First some Introductory Stuff => On The Web http://hep.physics.utoronto.ca/~orr/wwwroot/phy357/phy357s.htm PHY357 = What is the Universe Made Of? Is the Universe Made of These? Proton = (u u d) held
More informationAn intimate relationship between Higgs forces, dark matter, and dark energy. Copyright June 2014, by Antonio A. Colella
Antonio A. Colella 1 1 Introduction M062914 An intimate relationship between Higgs forces, dark matter, and dark energy Copyright June 2014, by Antonio A. Colella Abstract. Our universe s eight permanent
More informationOverview of Dark Matter models. Kai Schmidt-Hoberg
Overview of Dark Matter models. Kai Schmidt-Hoberg Evidence for dark matter. Compelling evidence for dark matter on all astrophysical scales: Galactic scales: Rotation curves of Galaxies Kai Schmidt-Hoberg
More informationMass (Energy) in the Universe:
Mass (Energy) in the Universe: smooth (vacuum) clumping Parameters of our Universe present values H = (71±4)km/s/Mpc = 1.0±0.0 m = 0.7±0.0 incl. b = 0.044±0.004 and < 0.014 photons r = 4.9-5 dark energy
More informationCP Violation, Baryon violation, RPV in SUSY, Mesino Oscillations, and Baryogenesis
CP Violation, Baryon violation, RPV in SUSY, Mesino Oscillations, and Baryogenesis David McKeen and AEN, arxiv:1512.05359 Akshay Ghalsasi, David McKeen, AEN., arxiv:1508.05392 (Thursday: Kyle Aitken, David
More informationSearch for SUperSYmmetry SUSY
PART 3 Search for SUperSYmmetry SUSY SUPERSYMMETRY Symmetry between fermions (matter) and bosons (forces) for each particle p with spin s, there exists a SUSY partner p~ with spin s-1/2. q ~ g (s=1)
More informationDark Matter in Particle Physics
High Energy Theory Group, Northwestern University July, 2006 Outline Framework - General Relativity and Particle Physics Observed Universe and Inference Dark Energy, (DM) DM DM Direct Detection DM at Colliders
More informationSFB 676 selected theory issues (with a broad brush)
SFB 676 selected theory issues (with a broad brush) Leszek Motyka Hamburg University, Hamburg & Jagellonian University, Krakow Physics of HERA and goals of the Large Hadron Collider The Higgs boson Supersymmetry
More informationBeyond the SM: SUSY. Marina Cobal University of Udine
Beyond the SM: SUSY Marina Cobal University of Udine Why the SM is not enough The gauge hierarchy problem Characteristic energy of the SM: M W ~100 GeV Characteristic energy scale of gravity: M P ~ 10
More informationChapter 27 The Early Universe Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 27 The Early Universe Units of Chapter 27 27.1 Back to the Big Bang 27.2 The Evolution of the Universe More on Fundamental Forces 27.3 The Formation of Nuclei and Atoms 27.4 The Inflationary Universe
More informationUnsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics V. BASHIRY CYPRUS INTRNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Unsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics V. BASHIRY CYPRUS INTRNATIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 I am going to go through some of the major unsolved problems in theoretical physics. I mean the existing theories seem
More informationPseudo-Dirac Bino as Dark Matter and Signatures of D-Type G
and Signatures of D-Type Gauge Mediation Ken Hsieh Michigan State Univeristy KH, Ph. D. Thesis (2007) ArXiv:0708.3970 [hep-ph] Other works with M. Luty and Y. Cai (to appear) MSU HEP Seminar November 6,
More informationAsymmetric Sneutrino Dark Matter
Asymmetric Sneutrino Dark Matter Stephen West Oxford University Asymmetric Sneutrino Dark Matter and the Ω b /Ω dm Puzzle; hep-ph/0410114, PLB, Dan Hooper, John March- Russell, and SW from earlier work,
More informationAbout the format of the literature report
About the format of the literature report Minimum 3 pages! Suggested structure: Introduction Main text Discussion Conclusion References Use bracket-number (e.g. [3]) or author-year (e.g. Zackrisson et
More informationA model of the basic interactions between elementary particles is defined by the following three ingredients:
I. THE STANDARD MODEL A model of the basic interactions between elementary particles is defined by the following three ingredients:. The symmetries of the Lagrangian; 2. The representations of fermions
More informationBig Bang Planck Era. This theory: cosmological model of the universe that is best supported by several aspects of scientific evidence and observation
Big Bang Planck Era Source: http://www.crystalinks.com/bigbang.html Source: http://www.odec.ca/index.htm This theory: cosmological model of the universe that is best supported by several aspects of scientific
More informationNon-Thermal Dark Matter from Moduli Decay. Bhaskar Dutta. Texas A&M University
Non-Thermal Dark Matter rom Moduli Decay Bhaskar Dutta Texas A&M University Allahverdi, Dutta, Sinha, PRD87 (2013) 075024, PRDD86 (2012) 095016, PRD83 (2011) 083502, PRD82 (2010) 035004 Allahverdi, Dutta,
More informationJohn Ellison University of California, Riverside. Quarknet 2008 at UCR
Overview of Particle Physics John Ellison University of California, Riverside Quarknet 2008 at UCR 1 Particle Physics What is it? Study of the elementary constituents of matter And the fundamental forces
More informationLecture 24: Cosmology: The First Three Minutes. Astronomy 111 Monday November 27, 2017
Lecture 24: Cosmology: The First Three Minutes Astronomy 111 Monday November 27, 2017 Reminders Last star party of the semester tomorrow night! Online homework #11 due Monday at 3pm The first three minutes
More informationCOSMOLOGY and DARK MATTER
Physics 10 1 st Lecture September 28, 2004 COSMOLOGY and DARK MATTER Joel Primack Introduction Modern cosmology the study of the universe as a whole is undergoing a scientific revolution. New ground- and
More informationDark Matter WIMP and SuperWIMP
Dark Matter WIMP and SuperWIMP Shufang Su U. of Arizona S. Su Dark Matters Outline Dark matter evidence New physics and dark matter WIMP candidates: neutralino LSP in MSSM direct/indirect DM searches,
More informationString Theory in the LHC Era
String Theory in the LHC Era J Marsano (marsano@uchicago.edu) 1 String Theory in the LHC Era 1. Electromagnetism and Special Relativity 2. The Quantum World 3. Why do we need the Higgs? 4. The Standard
More informationBSM physics and Dark Matter
BSM physics and Dark Matter Andrea Mammarella University of Debrecen 26-11-2013 1 Introduction and motivation 2 Dark Matter 3 MiAUMSSM 4 Dark Matter in the MiAUMSSM 5 Conclusion Introduction and motivation
More informationSearches for SUSY & Exotics with ATLAS
Searches for SUSY & Exotics with ATLAS Evelyn Thomson University of Pennsylvania May 17 2017 BLV 2017 Cleveland, Ohio 1 Outline Introduction Supersymmetry searches Gluinos Scalar top Electroweakinos Exotic
More informationPHY323:Lecture 11 SUSY and UED Higgs and Supersymmetry The Neutralino Extra Dimensions How WIMPs interact
PHY323:Lecture 11 SUSY and UED Higgs and Supersymmetry The Neutralino Extra Dimensions How WIMPs interact Candidates for Dark Matter III The New Particle Zoo Here are a few of the candidates on a plot
More informationAntiproton Limits on Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter
Antiproton Limits on Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter Michael Grefe Departamento de Física Teórica Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Particle Theory Journal Club Rudolf
More informationLab Monday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lab Tuesday optional: review for Quiz 3.
Announcements SEIs! Quiz 3 Friday. Lab Monday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lab Tuesday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lecture today, Wednesday, next Monday. Final Labs Monday & Tuesday next week. Quiz 3
More informationPhysics Spring Week 7 INFLATION, BEFORE AND AFTER
Physics 224 - Spring 2010 Week 7 INFLATION, BEFORE AND AFTER Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz Motivations for Inflation Joel Primack, in Formation of Structure in the Universe, ed. Dekel
More informationPOST-INFLATIONARY HIGGS RELAXATION AND THE ORIGIN OF MATTER- ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY
POST-INFLATIONARY HIGGS RELAXATION AND THE ORIGIN OF MATTER- ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY LOUIS YANG ( 楊智軒 ) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES (UCLA) DEC 27, 2016 NATIONAL TSING HUA UNIVERSITY OUTLINE Big
More informationSearching for sneutrinos at the bottom of the MSSM spectrum
Searching for sneutrinos at the bottom of the MSSM spectrum Arindam Chatterjee Harish-Chandra Research Insitute, Allahabad In collaboration with Narendra Sahu; Nabarun Chakraborty, Biswarup Mukhopadhyay
More informationTheory Group. Masahiro Kawasaki
Theory Group Masahiro Kawasaki Current members of theory group Staffs Masahiro Kawasaki (2004~) cosmology Masahiro Ibe (2011~) particle physics Postdoctoral Fellows Shuichiro Yokoyama Shohei Sugiyama Daisuke
More informationUNVEILING THE ULTIMATE LAWS OF NATURE: DARK MATTER, SUPERSYMMETRY, AND THE LHC. Gordon Kane, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics Warsaw, June 2009
UNVEILING THE ULTIMATE LAWS OF NATURE: DARK MATTER, SUPERSYMMETRY, AND THE LHC Gordon Kane, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics Warsaw, June 2009 OUTLINE! Some things we ve learned about the physical
More informationLeptogenesis via Higgs Condensate Relaxation
The Motivation Quantum Fluctuations Higgs Relaxation Leptogenesis Summary Leptogenesis via Higgs Condensate Relaxation Louis Yang Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California, Los Angeles
More informationFeebly Interacting Massive Particles and their signatures
Feebly Interacting Massive Particles and their signatures Geneviève Bélanger LAPTH Annecy-le-Vieux See : GB, Boudjema, Goudelis, Pukhov, Zaldivar, 1801.03509 GB, Desai, Goudelis, Harz, Lessa, No, Pukhov,
More informationINFLATION. - EARLY EXPONENTIAL PHASE OF GROWTH OF SCALE FACTOR (after T ~ TGUT ~ GeV)
INFLATION - EARLY EXPONENTIAL PHASE OF GROWTH OF SCALE FACTOR (after T ~ TGUT ~ 10 15 GeV) -Phenomenologically similar to Universe with a dominant cosmological constant, however inflation needs to end
More informationLecture 36: The First Three Minutes Readings: Sections 29-1, 29-2, and 29-4 (29-3)
Lecture 36: The First Three Minutes Readings: Sections 29-1, 29-2, and 29-4 (29-3) Key Ideas Physics of the Early Universe Informed by experimental & theoretical physics Later stages confirmed by observations
More informationRevisiting gravitino dark matter in thermal leptogenesis
Revisiting gravitino dark matter in thermal leptogenesis Motoo Suzuki Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) The University of Tokyo arxiv:1609.06834 JHEP1702(2017)063 In collaboration with Masahiro
More informationAstr 2320 Thurs. May 7, 2015 Today s Topics Chapter 24: New Cosmology Problems with the Standard Model Cosmic Nucleosynthesis Particle Physics Cosmic
Astr 2320 Thurs. May 7, 2015 Today s Topics Chapter 24: New Cosmology Problems with the Standard Model Cosmic Nucleosynthesis Particle Physics Cosmic Inflation Galaxy Formation 1 Chapter 24: #3 Chapter
More informationWhat is cosmic inflation? A short period of fast expansion, happening very early in the history of the Universe. Outline.
Outline Covers chapters 1 & 11 in Ryden Grand Unification Grand Unification II Gravity? Theory of Everything? Strong force Weak force EM t Planck : ~1-43 s t GUT : ~1-36 s t EW : ~1-12 s t Phase Transitions
More informationKatsushi Arisaka University of California, Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy
11/14/12 Katsushi Arisaka 1 Katsushi Arisaka University of California, Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy arisaka@physics.ucla.edu Seven Phases of Cosmic Evolution 11/14/12 Katsushi Arisaka
More informationSUSY and Exotics. UK HEP Forum"From the Tevatron to the LHC, Cosener s House, May /05/2009 Steve King, UK HEP Forum '09, Abingdon 1
SUSY and Exotics Standard Model and the Origin of Mass Puzzles of Standard Model and Cosmology Bottom-up and top-down motivation Extra dimensions Supersymmetry - MSSM -NMSSM -E 6 SSM and its exotics UK
More informationDARK MATTER MEETS THE SUSY FLAVOR PROBLEM
DARK MATTER MEETS THE SUSY FLAVOR PROBLEM Work with Manoj Kaplinghat, Jason Kumar, John Learned, Arvind Rajaraman, Louie Strigari, Fumihiro Takayama, Huitzu Tu, Haibo Yu Jonathan Feng University of California,
More informationEarlier in time, all the matter must have been squeezed more tightly together and a lot hotter AT R=0 have the Big Bang
Re-cap from last lecture Discovery of the CMB- logic From Hubble s observations, we know the Universe is expanding This can be understood theoretically in terms of solutions of GR equations Earlier in
More informationKaluza-Klein Dark Matter
Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter Hsin-Chia Cheng UC Davis Pre-SUSY06 Workshop Complementary between Dark Matter Searches and Collider Experiments Introduction Dark matter is the best evidence for physics beyond
More informationParticle Cosmology. V.A. Rubakov. Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow and Moscow State University
Particle Cosmology V.A. Rubakov Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow and Moscow State University Topics Basics of Hot Big Bang cosmology Dark matter: WIMPs Axions Warm
More informationInflation, Gravity Waves, and Dark Matter. Qaisar Shafi
Inflation, Gravity Waves, and Dark Matter Qaisar Shafi Bartol Research Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware Feb 2015 University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA Units ћ =
More informationMICROPHYSICS AND THE DARK UNIVERSE
MICROPHYSICS AND THE DARK UNIVERSE Jonathan Feng University of California, Irvine CAP Congress 20 June 2007 20 June 07 Feng 1 WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE MADE OF? Recently there have been remarkable advances
More informationkev sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in Extensions of the Standard Model
kev sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in Extensions of the Standard Model Manfred Lindner Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg F. Bezrukov, H. Hettmannsperger, ML, arxiv:0912.4415, PRD81,085032 The
More informationPlasma Universe. The origin of CMB
Plasma Universe As we go back in time, temperature goes up. T=2.73(1+z) K At z~1100, T~3000 K About the same temperature as M-dwarfs Ionization of hydrogen atoms H + photon! p + e - Inverse process: recombination
More information