Shallow Transition Task Skills and Knowledge

Transcription

1 Shallow Transition Task Skills and Knowledge Name.. Multiple Choice /67 Longer Response /71 Total /138 Green Amber Red What are you going to do in the coming weeks to improve on those topics you ve rated red?

2 Multiple Choice Questions Q1. Which of the following is the unit for tension expressed in SI base units? A N B N s C kg m s 1 D kg m s 2 (1) Q2. A tennis ball of mass 0.06kg moves towards a wall at a velocity of 5 m s 1 as shown. The tennis ball hits the wall perpendicularly and rebounds at the same speed. What is the change in momentum of the ball? A 0.60kg m s 1 B 0.30kg m s 1 C 0.30kg m s 1 D 0.60kg m s 1 Q3. Which of the following correctly defines electromotive force? A Force per unit charge to move a charge across a component. B Force per unit charge to move a charge around a circuit. C Work done per unit charge to move a charge across a component. D Work done per unit charge to move a charge around a circuit. (1) (1) Q4. The diagram shows a force-extension graph for a wire. L is the elastic limit. Which point represents the yield point? A B C D (1)

3 Q5. In an experiment a student is taking a measurement of a time interval in seconds. He repeats the measurement and collects the following three readings: Which one of the following is a correct statement? 3.2s 3.2s 3.3s A The reading of 3.3 s is an error. B The average should be recorded as 3.23 s. C The uncertainty is 0.1 s. D The error is 0.1 s. (1) Q6. The graphs shown represent the displacement-time and velocity-time graphs for the horizontal component of the motion of a ball. Which of the following situations could produce this motion of the ball? A Rolling down one ramp and then rolling up a second ramp. B Rolling down a ramp then along the floor. C Rolling up one ramp and down a second ramp. D Rolling up a ramp and rolling back down the same ramp. (1) Q7. The graph shows the variation of displacement with time for two waves. What is the phase difference between these two waves? A 6 ms B 0.20 cm C π radians D 90 degrees (1)

4 Q8. A source of unpolarised light is viewed through two crossed polarising filters X and Y. Which row in the table correctly describes the light emerging from the two filters? (1) Q9. Sound waves are produced by a vibrating guitar string. Which row in the table correctly describes the waves produced? (1) Q10. Which of the following is a correct unit for intensity of light? A J m 2 B W s 2 C W m 2 D J s 2 (1)

5 Q11. A student set up the circuit below and moved a sliding contact along a uniform conducting wire. The student recorded the potential difference V across each length of wire l under test. Which graph correctly shows how V varies with l? (1) Q12. A pilot wishes to fly due east. A wind is blowing in a northerly direction. The direction of north is as shown. Which of the following correctly shows the direction the plane should point? (1)

6 Q13. A force was applied across the ends of an iron bar. The following stress-strain graph was obtained. The shaded area represents Q14. The diagram shows a potential divider circuit that contains a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. The temperature of the room containing the circuit increases. Select the row of the table that correctly shows the changes in readings on the meters. Q15. The current in a filament lamp is 250 ma. How much charge flows through the lamp in 3 minutes? A B C D 0.75 C 45 C 750 C C

7 Q16. The correct definition of the term centre of gravity is the point at which A all of the force acts on a body. B gravity acts on a body. C the weight of a body may be considered to act. D the weight is concentrated. Q17. A climber slides down a rope attached to a rock face, as shown in the photograph. Select a possible free-body force diagram for the climber. A B C D Q18. The diagram represents a stationary wave on a string. Which diagram correctly shows the position of nodes N and/or antinodes A?

8 Q19. A light illuminates a circular area of radius 30 cm. In a time of 20 s the total incident energy from the light is 70 J. The radiation flux can be calculated from Q20. A box is dropped from a plane flying at a constant velocity and height. Assuming that air resistance is negligible, as the box falls to the ground its horizontal position will A remain unchanged. B lag behind the plane. C move ahead of the plane. D remain directly under the plane. Q21. A student carries out an experiment to calculate a value for g, the acceleration of free fall. A marble is dropped from a height of 2.0 m and the time taken for the marble to fall to the floor is recorded. The following readings were obtained: 0.55 s 0.57 s 0.49 s 0.56 s Select the equation that would, by itself, enable the student to calculate a value for g. A mgh = mv 2 B s = ut + at 2 C v = u + at D v 2 = u 2 + 2as Q22. Radiation of frequency f and wavelength λ is emitted when an electron falls from energy level E 2 to energy level E 1. E 2 E 1 is equal to

9 Q23. A ball is thrown from position L and caught at position N. L and N are the same height above the ground. The trajectory of the ball is shown. If vectors directed upwards are taken as positive, and air resistance is neglected then the acceleration of the ball at L is g and its speed is v. Select the row of the table that correctly gives the acceleration and speed of the ball as it reaches N. Q24. Which of the following expresses the volt in SI base units? A B C D kg m 2 s 2 C 1 kg m 2 s 3 C kg m 2 s A 1 kg m 2 s 3 A 1 Q25. Which of the following can be explained only by the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation? A B C D atomic line spectra electron diffraction photoelectric effect X-ray diffraction

10 Q26. A student uses a force F to push a block of weight W all the way up a frictionless ramp, at a constant speed. The work done by the student can be calculated using A Fh B (F W) l C Wh D Wl Q27. The mass of a rocket including fuel at take-off is kg. The engines produce an upwards vertical thrust of N. The acceleration, in m s 2, of the rocket at take-off is found using Q28. The diagram shows a combination of three identical resistors. What is the combined resistance between P and Q? A B C D 4 Ω 6 Ω 8 Ω 12 Ω

11 Q29. A child slides down four frictionless slides A, B, C and D. The speed of the child at the bottom of slides A, B, C and D is given by v A, v B, v C and v D respectively. Choose the correct statement. A v A = v B = v C = v D B v A > v B and v C > v D C v A > v B > v C = v D D v A > v C and v B > v D Q30. A car of mass m travelling with a velocity v comes to rest over a distance d in time t. The constant frictional force acting on the car while it is braking is found using Q31. The diagram shows a resistor of resistance R across a cell of e.m.f. ε and internal resistance r. Which of the following is a correct expression for the current I? A I = ε / r B I = ε / R C I = ε / (R + r) D I = ε / (R r)

12 Q32. A spring obeys Hooke's law. A force of 2.0 N extends the spring by 0.30 m. The energy stored in the spring when a force of 2.0 N is applied is A B C D 0.09 J 0.30 J 0.60 J 0.90 J Q33. The current through a wire of cross-sectional area A is I when the drift velocity of the electrons in the wire is v and the charge carrier density is n. The wire is replaced with a wire of a different metal with half the charge carrier density but the same cross-sectional area A. If the current in the new wire is 2I, the drift velocity is A v/2 B C D v 2v 4v Q34. A mass of 0.05 kg is lifted at a slow steady speed by a 5 W electric motor. The height the mass rises in 8 s is found using Q35. A spring obeys Hooke's law. A force of 2.0 N extends the spring by 0.30 m. A 6.0 N force will extend the spring by A 0.10 m B 0.30 m C 0.60 m D 0.90 m

13 Q36. Which of the following current-potential difference (I-V) graphs correctly shows the behaviour of a diode? Q37. Which of the following does not apply to longitudinal waves? A B C D coherence polarisation superposition transmission Q38. Waves from a point light source follow separate paths and recombine at a point after travelling different distances. When the waves recombine the path difference is λ/2. The corresponding phase difference is A 360 B π/2 radians C 180 D 2π radians

14 Q39. An experiment is carried out to find a value for g, the acceleration of free fall. A weighted card of known length l is dropped through two light gates. The light gates are attached to a data logger and a computer. By inputting the length of the card into the computer two values of velocity and the time interval between them can be obtained. Using these values of velocity, a value of g can be determined. Assuming that air resistance is negligible, which of the following would produce a more reliable value of g? A B C D Drop the card from a greater height. Ensure that the card is dropped from rest. Make the card shorter. Move the light gates further apart. Q40. A spanner is thrown horizontally. As it moves it spins in a clockwise direction in a vertical plane. Which row of the table could not show the relative positions of the spanner when released and during motion?

15 Q41. A copper wire of length 2.5 m and cross-sectional area m 2 has a resistivity of Ω m What is the resistance of the wire? A B C D Ω Ω 0.18 Ω 5.6 Ω Q42. A force F is resolved into two components, F h and F v, at right angles to one another. Which statement is not true? F. A Decreasing θ increases the magnitude of F h. B Increasing θ increases the magnitude of F v. C F h and F v have magnitudes that when added together give a total equal to the magnitude of F. D F h and F v have magnitudes that when added together give a total greater than the magnitude of Q43. Two ropes are attached to a box. Each rope is pulled with a force of 40 N at an angle of 35 to the direction of travel. The box is moved 20m in the direction shown. The work done, in joules, is found using A 40 cos35 20 B 2 40 cos35 20 C 40 sin35 20 D 2 40 sin35 20

16 Q44. Which of the following is a correct unit for resistance? A J C 1 B V C 1 s 1 C J C 2 s D J C 2 s 1 Q45. A spring with a spring constant 140 Nm 1 is extended. The elastic potential energy stored is 1.6 J The extension of the wire is found using Q46. The wave and particle models of light have both contributed to our understanding of light. Which row of the table correctly matches properties of light to the model that best explains them? Q47. When a semiconductor has its temperature increased from room temperature, its resistance usually decreases because A the electrons are moving faster. B the lattice atoms vibrate with greater amplitude. C the lattice atoms vibrate with smaller amplitude. D the number of charge carriers per unit volume increases.

17 Q48. The diagram shows the forces acting on a hot air balloon when at a constant height. Below is a free-body force diagram for the balloon when a wind is blowing. The magnitude of the resultant force acting on the balloon is A 400 N B 500 N C 700 N D N Q49. A ball is dropped from a height of 1.3 m. The graph shows how the height above the ground varies with time for several bounces. How can the velocity of the ball at time t = 2.5 s be determined from the graph? A Calculate the area between the graph and the time axis up to t = 2.5 s. B Divide the displacement at t = 2.5 s by 2.5 s. C Divide the height at t = 2.5 s by 2.5 s. D Draw a tangent to the graph at t = 2.5 s and calculate its gradient.

18 Q50. The diagrams show the motions of a source of sound, S, and an observer, O. Which line of the table correctly shows the effect this relative motion has on the frequency of the sound heard by the observer. Q51. An electric motor with potential difference V and current I lifts a mass m through a height h in time t at a steady speed v. The efficiency of the motor is given by Q52. The diagram shows the forces acting on a hot air balloon when at a constant height. Select the row in the table that correctly describes the situation when the air in the balloon is heated.

19 Q53. Which term may be defined as the number of waves passing a point in one second? A wave speed B wavelength C period D frequency Q54. The diagram shows a current I flowing through a sample of material of length l and cross-sectional area A. The drift velocity of the free electrons is v. If the area and length are both doubled, but the current remains the same, the drift velocity will be A v / 4 B v / 2 C 2v D 4v Q55. Which of the following current potential difference (I V) graphs shows the correct behaviour for a filament bulb? A B C D

20 Q56. The diagram shows displacement-time graphs for two oscillations, X and Y. Which of the following statements correctly describes their phase relationship? A X and Y are in antiphase B X and Y are in phase C X is π/2 radians ahead of Y D Y is π/2 radians ahead of X Q57. The diagram shows a displacement-distance graph at an instant for two waves, X and Y, travelling to the right. Which of the following statements correctly describes the phase relationship between the two waves? A X and Y are in antiphase B X and Y are in phase C X is π/2 radians ahead of Y D Y is π/2 radians ahead of X

21 Q58. Light from a lamp passes through two polarising filters, P1 and P2, before reaching a detector. The filters initially have their planes of polarisation parallel. The intensity of light at the detector will be greatest if A P1 is rotated by 45 and P2 is rotated by 315 in the same direction. B P1 is rotated by 90 and P2 is rotated by 270 in the same direction. C P1 is rotated by 45 and P2 is rotated by 270 in the same direction. D P1 is rotated by 90 and P2 is rotated by 315 in the same direction. Q59. The diagram shows a uniform wire XY across which a potential difference V 0 is applied. Which of the following correctly shows the output potential difference across XZ? Q60. Light is shone perpendicularly onto a photovoltaic cell of area 0.01 m 2. In 60 seconds, the total energy falling on the cell is 3 J. The radiation flux is A W m 2 B 5 W m 2 C 1.8 W m 2 D W m 2

22 Q61. The diagram shows a ray of light incident upon the surface of a glass block. Which line could correctly show the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction? Q62. Which of the following is a standing wave? A B C D light emitted as a line spectrum ripples on water from a stone thrown into a pond sound from an opera singer in a theatre vibrations on a violin string as it is played Q63. A standing wave is created on a string stretched between two supports. Which statement is always true? A There is a node at each end. B There is a node in the centre. C There is an antinode at each end. D There is an antinode in the centre.

23 Q64. The diagram shows a ray of white light striking a thin layer of oil on water. Light reflects from the upper and lower surfaces of the oil, so that two rays reach the eye of an observer. With the eye in different positions the observer sees different colours from the oil. Which of the following phenomena is not involved in the production of the colours seen? A polarisation B reflection C refraction D superposition Q65. A projectile is launched at an angle of 45 to the horizontal. Ignoring air resistance, which pair of graphs correctly shows how the vertical and horizontal components of velocity vary with time for the projectile until it lands?

24 Q66. Which of these statements about work is not correct? A B C D For work to be done a force must always be applied. When work is done energy is transferred. Work done is the product of force and distance moved perpendicular to the force. Work done is a scalar quantity. Q67. A steel wire and a brass wire, with identical cross sectional areas and lengths, are fused together. The Young modulus for steel is approximately twice that of brass. The combined wire is stretched. The ratio is approximately A 2.0 B 1.0 C 0.50 D 0.25

25 Longer Response Questions Q1. The diagram shows a coherent beam of light incident on a metal ball bearing. The ball bearing shown in the experimental set-up has a diameter of about 1 cm. Describe how the diameter could be measured accurately. (2) Q2. A student carries out an experiment using a guitar string. She investigates the effect of varying the tension in the guitar string on the frequency of sound produced when the string is plucked. (a) The student records the following data and plots a graph. Complete the table and graph. (3)

26 (b) The student reads that guitar strings have a mass per unit length of between kg m 1 and kg m 1. Determine whether the guitar string used in this experiment lies within this range. length of string vibrating = 0.40 m Q3. Road trains are used in Australia to transport freight across large, flat areas of the country. They consist of a minimum of three trailers connected to a cab unit to pull them along. (5) (a) The braking distance of a road train travelling at 15m s 1 is 70m. Assuming that the same braking force is applied at all speeds, show that the braking distance of a road train when travelling at 25m s 1 is about 190m. (3)

27 (b) A car accelerates uniformly at 3.7m s 2 as it passes a stationary road train. The initial speed of the car is 30m s 1 and it reaches the speed limit of 130km h 1 as it passes the front of the cab. Calculate the length of the road train. (3) Length of the road train =...

28 Q5. A portable basketball set has a base and a post arrangement. The post arrangement consists of a post, backboard, hoop and net. The base can be filled with water to increase stability. (a) The base has a capacity of 85.0 litres. Show that the maximum weight of the base is about 870N. mass of 1.00 litre of water = 1.00 kg mass of base when empty = 3.50 kg (b) Due to the large area of the backboard, the basketball set may topple over when the wind blows. (2)

29 Calculate the minimum force of the wind F w that will cause the basketball set to be blown over when it is at the angle shown. Ignore the effect of the wind on the base. weight of post arrangement = 27.0 N (5) Minimum force of the wind F w =... (c) The base is filled with sand instead of water. The density of sand is greater than the density of water. State and justify what would happen to the value of F w calculated in part (b). (3) Q6. A student set up a circuit containing a light dependent resistor (LDR) in series with a fixed resistor as shown. As the student moved a lamp towards the circuit she observed the potential difference (p.d.) changing across the fixed resistor. With reference to the electrons in the LDR explain this observation. (5)

30 Q7. One region of Australia decided to trial the removal of the speed limit on some roads. The following statements were made in an online forum discussing this issue. Justify the statement in the reply. (3) Q8. The diagram shows a coherent beam of light incident on a metal ball bearing. A dark shadow is seen on a screen behind the ball bearing. There is a small spot of light in the centre of the shadow. This spot of light is known as the Arago spot. (a) Use Huygens' construction to explain the behaviour of light as it travels past the edge of the ball bearing. (2)

31 (b) Explain why a spot of light is produced at the centre of the shadow. Q9. Shrilk is a new material made from discarded shrimp shells. It is biodegradable and is easily moulded into different shapes. Shrilk is an alternative to polythene and could be used to make waste bags in the future. The graph shows a stress-strain curve for a 25.0 cm length of shrilk and for a similar length of polythene, up to breaking point. (3) (a) (i) Calculate the force applied to the shrilk at a strain of 0.02 cross-sectional area = m 2 (3) Force =... (ii) Determine the extension of the shrilk at a strain of 0.04 (2) Extension =...

32 (b) Deduce whether shrilk or polythene is better for making waste bags. (3) Q10. A telescope consists of a convex lens (objective) of power D and a second lens (eyepiece) as shown. The objective produces an image at P. This image becomes the object of the eyepiece, which produces a final image at Q. The eyepiece is at a distance of 100 mm from the image at P. To give a reasonable magnification, the final image at Q should be a virtual image at a distance of 300 mm from the eyepiece. The following lenses are available: diverging lens focal length 150 mm, converging lens focal length 150 mm, diverging lens focal length 100 mm, converging lens focal length 100 mm. Deduce which lens should be used for the eyepiece. (3)

33 Q11. In a game of tug-of-war two teams of children pull on opposite ends of a rope. The team that pulls the other team over a marker wins the game. (a) Initially Team A and Team B are stationary. Add labels to the free-body force diagram for the child at the end of the rope for Team A at this instant. (3) *(b) Team B wins by pulling Team A over the marker. By considering the forces on the children and on the rope explain, in terms of Newton's laws, the process by which Team A loses the game. (6)

34 Q12. An electron beam is directed onto crystalline graphite. A fluorescent screen on the other side of the crystal shows the pattern in Figure 1. The brighter areas correspond to higher electron intensity. The speed of the electrons is increased and the resulting pattern is shown in Figure 2. * Discuss the conclusions that can be drawn from this information about the behaviour of electrons and the structure of graphite. (6)

35 Q13. In 2010, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for producing, identifying and studying graphene. Graphene is a form of carbon which exists only as a single atomic layer of graphite. It has a breaking stress of 130 GPa compared to 0.5 GPa for steel. Some scientists claim that graphene is the strongest material ever measured. (a) Explain why graphene, despite its greater strength, is unlikely to replace steel in many applications. (b) Graphite used in pencils consists of many layers of carbon. It can be assumed that a pencil deposits approximately 100 layers of carbon atoms when drawn across a piece of paper. A student carried out an experiment to determine the resistivity of the graphite in a pencil. A line of length 0.200m and width 0.50mm was drawn on a piece of paper. An ohmmeter was then used to measure the resistance of the graphite line. (2) Calculate the resistivity of graphite. resistance = Ω diameter of carbon atom = m Resistivity of graphite =... (4)