Fundamentals of Low Intensity Shock Calibration

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Fundamentals of Low Intensity Shock Calibration"

Charity Joseph
5 years ago
Views:

1 Low intensity shock metrology for safety related applications Fundamentals of Low Intensity Shock Calibration Speaker : Yu-Chung Huang Date : Center for Measurement Standards/ Industrial Technology Research Institute Bldg. 16, 321 Kuang Fu Rd, Sec. 2 Hsinchu, Taiwan 1

2 Outline 1. Shock for Industry Application. 2. ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers. 3. Study for ISO Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS. 5. Study for ISO Primary Low Shock Calibration System in CMS. 7. References. 2

3 Outline 1. Shock for Industry Application. 2. ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers. 3. Study for ISO Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS. 5. Study for ISO Primary Low Shock Calibration System in CMS. 7. References. 3

4 Shock for Industry Application Car colliding human 600 m/s 2 chest safety : Automobile collision Shock testing machine Electric equipment shock test 4

5 Example : Lens Shock Test TEST SPECIFICATION: Wave Form :Half sine wave Acceleration :50 g Duration Time :20 ms No. of Shock :Each axis 3 times Shock Direction :X,Y,Z axis X axis Y axis Z axis 5

6 Example : Vehicle Video Recorder TEST SPECIFICATION: Wave Form :Half sine wave Acceleration :50 g Duration Time :26 ms No. of Shock :Each axis 5 times Shock Direction :Y axis 6

7 Example : LCD Monitor TEST SPECIFICATION: (operation ) Wave Form :Half sine wave Acceleration :50 g Velocity Change :11 ms No. of Shock :Each axis 3 times Shock Direction :±X, ±Y, ±Z axis 7

8 Example : Battery SHOCK TEST SPECIFICATION: Wave Form :Half sine wave Acceleration :5,000 g Duration :0.3 ms Test Axis :±X, ±Y, ±Z axis No. of Shock :Each axis 3 times Total Test Time :18 times 8

9 Example : Car Monitor TEST SPECIFICATION: Wave Form :Square wave Acceleration :65 g Velocity Change :4.78 m/sec No. of Shock :Each axis 1 time Shock Direction :±X, ±Y, ±Z axis 9

10 Example : Speaker Box TEST SPECIFICATION: Wave Form :Square wave Acceleration :40 g Duration Time :8.2 ms Test Axis :±X, ±Y, ±Z axis No. of Shock :Each axis 3 times 10

Example : PC Panel TEST SPECIFICATION: (1) Wave Form

axis (2) Wave Form :Sawtooth wave (Non-Operating)

11 Example : PC Panel TEST SPECIFICATION: (1) Wave Form :Sawtooth wave (Operating) Acceleration :40 g Duration Time :11 ms No. of Shock :Each axis 3 times Shock Direction :±X, ±Y, ±Z axis (2) Wave Form :Sawtooth wave (Non-Operating) Acceleration :75 g Duration Time :11 ms No. of Shock :Each axis 3 times Shock Direction :±X, ±Y, ±Z axis 11

12 Outline 1. Shock for Industry Application. 2. ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers. 3. Study for ISO Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS. 5. Study for ISO Primary Low Shock Calibration System in CMS. 7. References. 12

13 ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers ISO Basic Concepts Primary Method Comparison Method Environment Calibration Other Method ISO Primary vibration ISO Reciprocity method ISO Primary shock ISO Primary angular vibration ISO Comparison vibration ISO Comparison shock ISO Comparison angular vibration ISO Transverse vibration sensitivity ISO Resonance test ISO Calibration of laser vibrometers ISO Calibration of seismometer 13

14 Outline 1. Shock for Industry Application. 2. ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers. 3. Study for ISO Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS. 5. Study for ISO Primary Low Shock Calibration System in CMS. 7. References. 14

15 ISO Shock calibration by comparison to a reference transducer 2005(E) 15

Study for ISO Standard 16063-22 Shock Signal Generation by Hammer-Anvil Motion events by two elastic solid bodies bumping.

16 Study for ISO Standard Shock Signal Generation by Hammer-Anvil Motion events by two elastic solid bodies bumping. Different velocity V 1 -V 2 Spring represents the elasticity of contact surfaces. Acceleration, Velocity, Displacement - time waveform Refer SPEKTRA 16

17 Study for ISO Standard Shock Signal Generation by Hopkinson Bar Propagation and reflection characteristics of a mechanical wave in a slender bar. Slender bar : length / diameter >80 CMS Refer SPEKTRA Acceleration, Velocity - time waveform 17

Study for ISO Standard 16063-22 Pendulum Shock Calibrator Shock peak magnitude of 100

18 Study for ISO Standard Pendulum Shock Calibrator Shock peak magnitude of 100 m/s 2 to 1500 m/s 2 with pulse durations of 3 ms to 8 ms are created with pendulum. 18

19 Study for ISO Standard Drop Shock Calibrator mounting of transducers, anvil, and test mass Shock peak magnitude of 100 m/s 2 to 100 km/s 2 with pulse durations of 0.1 ms to 10 ms are created with dropball. 19

Study for ISO Standard 16063-22 Pneumatically Operated Piston Shock Calibrator Shock peak magnitude of 200 m/s 2 to 100 km/s 2 with pulse durations of 0.

20 Study for ISO Standard Pneumatically Operated Piston Shock Calibrator Shock peak magnitude of 200 m/s 2 to 100 km/s 2 with pulse durations of 0.1 ms to 3 ms are created with Pneumatically. Shock pulse in general are determined by velocity of projectile, the mass of the target and deformation of material between them. 20

21 Study for ISO Standard Others Oscilloscope : minimum frequency range from d.c. to 1 MHz Waveform recorder with computer interface: resolution >12 bit room temperature : (23±3) relative humidity:75 % maximum. Calculation of shock sensitivity for anvil shock calibrators Selection of maximum value as peak-value 21

22 Study for ISO Standard Uncertainty reference conditions for secondary shock calibration 22

23 Outline 1. Shock for Industry Application. 2. ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers. 3. Study for ISO Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS. 5. Study for ISO Primary Low Shock Calibration System in CMS. 7. References. 23

shock accelerometer 2 ) Charge amplifier ENDEVCO 2965C Standard accelerometer Calibrated accelerometer Reference

24 Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS from 1990 to 2008 GPIB Computer Scope Steel ball S u =(V u /V r ) S r mv ( m/ s S u : Sensitivity of DUT S r : Sensitivity of Std. shock accelerometer V u : Voltage of DUT V r : Voltage of Std. shock accelerometer 2 ) Charge amplifier ENDEVCO 2965C Standard accelerometer Calibrated accelerometer Reference accelerometer traces to PTB. Expanded Uncertainties 2.5 % with acceleration range from 1000 m/s 2 to m/s 2. Comparison Shock System 24

25 Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS from 2008 to 2014 Reference accelerometer traces to PTB and NML. Expanded Uncertainties 2.1 % with acceleration range from 1000 m/s 2 to m/s 2. 25

26 Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS 2015~ Extend to lower intensity for industry need 26

27 Outline 1. Shock for Industry Application. 2. ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers. 3. Study for ISO Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS. 5. Study for ISO Primary Low Shock Calibration System in CMS. 7. References. 27

28 ISO Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry

29 Study for ISO Standard Signal processing scheme for determining shock sensitivity 2 st () Shock exciter s( t ), v( t ), a ( t ) 1 a() t u ( t ) cos ( t ) p 1 H om odyne: Interferometery u ( t ) r sin( ( t ) ) q 2 Accelerometer H eterodyne: u ( t) u cos( t ( t)) h m h A/D 3 A/D Amplitude: u m Spectrum: U ( f ) U exp j U Modulation 1 ( n) 4 s( n) a Amplitude: Spectrum: m A( f ) A exp j A Shock sensitivity: S Complex sensitivity: S sh u a U m m exp j( ) a U A A 4 29

30 Study for ISO Standard Shock Exciter Hammer Impact Anvil Excitation Rigid Body Motion x x 104 Hopkinson Bar Excitation 3 2 Wave Propagation x 10-3 Shock signal 30

31 Study for ISO Standard Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Curves for Excitation Hammer Impact Anvil Excitation T sin sec sec sec Half-sine squared acceleration shape Velocity Displacement 31

32 Study for ISO Standard Interferometer-- Michelson Interferometer Michelson Interferometer Homodyne One channel output 32

33 Study for ISO Standard Interferometer-- Michelson Interferometer input output Method Vibration Calibration Fringe-Counting Method Shock Calibration Time Sequence Method No phase calibration information 33

34 Study for ISO Standard Interferometer-- Modified Michelson Interferometer Modified Michelson Interferometer Homodyne Orthogonal signal output 34

35 Study for ISO Standard Interferometer-- Modified Michelson Interferometer input output Method Vibration Calibration u1 and u2 phase difference 90 Sine approximation Method Shock Calibration Phase Method Phase calibration information 35

36 Study for ISO Standard Interferometer Quadrature Signals Typical Quadrature Signals for Shock Excitation u1 cos ( t) p u2 r sin[ ( t) ] q u1 u2 sec sec 36

37 Study for ISO Standard Signal Data Processing u 2 u 1 u1( t) ( t) atan[ ( n ) ] u2( t ( t ) ) n S( t) ( t) 4 Quadrature signals a series of modulation phase values a series of displacement values 37

38 Study for ISO Standard Signal Data Processing Signal waveform produced by Shock system of CMS Displacement u1 u2 Velocity Acceleration Accelerometer output voltage Phase 38

39 Study for ISO Standard Calibration Result u max Shock Sensitivity a max S sh u a max max 39

40 Outline 1. Shock for Industry Application. 2. ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers. 3. Study for ISO Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS. 5. Study for ISO Primary Low Shock Calibration System in CMS. 7. References. 40

41 Shock Calibration System in CMS System Structure Shock machine Recorder Interferometer Optical table Shock machine 1. Controller 2. Programmable DC supply 3. High speed electromagnetic hammer 4. Airborne hammer 5.Trigger unit 6. PU rubber 7. Airborne anvil 8. Accelerometer 9. Charge amplifier Interferometer 10. Laser 11. Ligh detectors Recorder 12.Digital scope: NI MHz 12 bit (Quadrature Interferometer signal) NI MHz 16 bit (Accelerometer output Voltage) 41

42 Shock Calibration System in CMS Calibration System Photo Recorder & Display Interferometer Shock machine Acceleration: 200 m/s 2 to m/s 2 Pulse duration : < 3 ms 42

43 Shock Calibration System in CMS Laser Interferometer (Modified Michelson interferometer + Mach-Zehnder interferometer) u 1 u 2 u 1 u 2 Quadrature signals 43

Shock Calibration System in CMS Shock Machine

Electromagnetic controller Vmax DC source supply

hardness 95/85/75/65/55 Porous Air Bushing :

linear and rotary motion and radial air gap 4 µm.

44 Shock Calibration System in CMS Shock Machine High speed electromagnetic hammer Airborne hammer : velocity up to 2.6 m/s Trigger device Airborne anvil Accelerometer Electromagnetic controller Vmax DC source supply Optical table Different hardness PU rubber Shore hardness 95/85/75/65/55 Porous Air Bushing : Allow Airborne anvil and hammer frictionless linear and rotary motion and radial air gap 4 µm. Cylindrical Anvil, Hammer length 200 mm, diameter 25 mm material : steel or aluminum. 44

Maximum transverse motion is about 4 % Y-axis X-axis Z-axis Triaxial accelerometer

45 Shock Calibration System in CMS Transverse Motion Ratio of peak acceleration between z- axis and x-,y- axis. Maximum transverse motion is about 4 % Y-axis X-axis Z-axis Triaxial accelerometer ENDEVCO 2270 and charge amplifier ENDEVCO 133, which accelerometer provides the excellent vibration characteristics: such as maximum transverse sensitivity 0.3 %. 45

46 Shock Calibration System in CMS Relative Motion Back-to back reference standard accelerometer is calibrated Accelerometer Reference Surface and the Spot Sensed by Interferometer 46

47 Shock Calibration System in CMS Different Rubber Black PU rubber shock time : 0.5 ms to 0.8 ms shock acceleration: 1160 m/s 2 to 5980 m/s 2 Two-layer red PU rubber shock time: 3 ms to 4 ms, shock acceleration: 130 m/s 2 to 950 m/s 2 47

48 Rubber V.S. Duration-Pilot Study Comparison Different Rubber 48

0) Relative Humidty:(50 20) % Ambient conditions check Mounting sensor and PU rubber Adjust

49 Shock Calibration System in CMS Calibration Procedure Turn on system and warm up 30 min. Room Temp.:( ) Relative Humidty:(50 20) % Ambient conditions check Mounting sensor and PU rubber Adjust interferometer signal Setting shock acceleration and input voltage Shock acceleration (m/s 2 ) Input Voltage (V) Conduct 10 times calibration 49

50 Shock Calibration System in CMS Software Function 50

51 Shock Calibration System in CMS Ten Times Measurement 51

52 Shock Calibration System in CMS Expression of Uncertainty of measurement in Calibration 52

53 Outline 1. Shock for Industry Application. 2. ISO Standard for Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers. 3. Study for ISO Comparison Shock Calibration System in CMS. 5. Study for ISO Primary Low Shock Calibration System in CMS. 7. References. 53

54 References Hong-Bo Hu, Yu-Chung Huang, Jiun-Kai Chen, Guest Reserach Report on Primary Calibration for Shock Acceleration in NML, 2011 ISO , Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers-part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry, Yu-Chung Huang, Measurement system validation procedure for shock accelerometer- phase operational method, ITRI, Yu-Chung Huang, Jiun-Kai Chen, Hsin-Chia Ho, Chung-Sheng Tu, Chao- Jung Chen, The Set Up of Primary Calibration System for Shock Acceleration in NML,IMEKO TC3, TC5 and TC22 International Conference, pp , Hideaki Nozato, Takashi Usuda, Akihiro Oota, Tamio Ishigami and Katsuhisa Kudo, Development of Shock Acceleration Calibration Machine in NMIJ, IMEKO 20th TC3, 3rd TC16 and 1st TC22 International Conference, pp ,

55 Thanks for your attention 55

Primary Calibration of Shock Transducers Influence of the Laser Spot Position

Primary Calibration of Shock Transducers Influence of the Laser Spot Position Dr. Martin Brucke, Philipp Begoff, Michael Mende, Frank Schulz Introduction Shock Exciters according to ISO 16063-13 (1) 1.