VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK V SEMESTER EI6502 -INDUSTRIAL

1 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK V SEMESTER EI6502 -INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION I Regulation 2013 Academic Year Prepared by Ms. M. Shanthi, Assistant Professor / EIE Mr. B. Parameswaran, Assistant Professor / EIE Mr. G. Shiva, Assistant Professor / EIE

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203.

balance - Different types of load cells - Hydraulic, Pneumatic, strain gauge - Magneto elastic and Piezoelectric load cells - Different methods of torque measurement:- Strain gauge - Relative angular

2 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT : EI6502 INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION-I SEM / YEAR : V/III UNIT I - MEASUREMENT OF FORCE, TORQUE AND SPEED Electric balance - Different types of load cells - Hydraulic, Pneumatic, strain gauge - Magneto elastic and Piezoelectric load cells - Different methods of torque measurement:- Strain gauge - Relative angular twist-speed measurement:- Capacitive tacho - Drag cup type tacho - D.C and A.C tachogenerators Stroboscope. PART A Q.No Question BT Competence Level 1. What is meant by Strobotron? BTL1 Remember 2. What are the properties of materials used for Piezo electric transducers? 3. Define gauge factor for strain gauge. 4. What is magneto-elastic effect? 5. What are the merits of stroboscope? 6. Define force and write its units. 7. What do you mean by Load Cell? Give the types of load cell. 8. What is the principle of drag cup type Tachometer? 9. Give the different types of strain gauge load cell. 10. Discuss how the torque is measured using strain gauge? 11. What are the classifications of Tachometer? BTL 3 Apply 12. Illustrate the principle of DC Tacho generator. BTL 3 Apply 13. Show how Elastic materials are used for force measurement. BTL 3 Apply 14. Why are dummy gauges used? In what way they affect the output of a strain gauge bridge? BTL 4 Analyze 15. Point out the measurement procedure for force using load cell. BTL 4 Analyze 16. Identify the factors affecting the accuracy of force measurement. BTL 4 Analyze 17. Justify the effect of Temperature in strain gauge bridge circuitry? How it is to be compensated? 18. Summarize the applications of load cell. 19. Prepare a bridge circuit for any measuring instrument and justify its need. BTL 6 Create 20. Propose a suitable signal conditioning circuit for LVDT based force measurement system of your own. BTL 6 Create PART B 1. i.) Explain the principle and working of a strain gauge. Derive the relationship between gauge factor and (8) poison s ratio for a given strain gauge. ii.) A strain gauge has a gauge factor of 4. If the strain (5) gauge is attached to a metal bar, that stretches from 0.25m to 0.258m when strained. What is the

3 percentage of chain in resistance? If the unstrained value of the gauge is 120 ohm, what is the resistance value of the gauge after it is strained? 2. Explain the principle and construction of : i) Hydraulic load cell. (7) ii) Drag cup DC tachogenerator. (6) 3. Describe about Magneto Elastic and Piezo Electric Load (13) cell with a neat diagram. 4. Draw the diagram and describe the working, construction of: i) Inductive torque transducer. (7) ii) Electric balance. (6) 5. Discuss the construction and working of DC and AC (13) Tachogenerator with diagram and mention its advantages and disadvantages. 6. Briefly describe the working of different speed (13) measurement methods. 7. i) With necessary diagram, describe how speed can (7) be measured using Revolution counter. ii) With relevant diagram, describe how proximity (6) sensor can be used for torque measurement. 8. i) Illustrate the basic means of force measurement. (7) ii) Illustrate with neat sketches, the working of (6) pneumatic load cell. 9. With neat diagram explain,the construction and working of i) Strain gauge load cell (7) ii) Stroboscope. (6) 10. i) Illustrate the construction, working of optical (7) torsion meter. ii) Describe the torque measurement principle (6) involving relative angular twist. 11. Explain the following methods of measurement of torque: i) Capacitive torque transducer. (7) ii) Magneto strictive methods (6) 12. i) Illustrate the working of Strobotron. (7) ii) Mention the advantages and disadvantages of (6) stroboscope measurement technique? 13. Propose a method for strain gauge torsion meter. Discuss (13) the construction, working and advantage of the same. 14. Explain any two types of torque measurement with neat (13) sketch. PART C 1. i) Draw and explain the equivalent circuit for (8) piezoelectric transducer. ii) Draw and explain pulse response of piezoelectric (7) transducer. 2. i) A rotating disc has five equispaced radial lines (8) marked on it. When a stroboscope is directed at the disc a true pattern is observed at the highest flash BTL 4 BTL 1 BTL 1 BTL 1 BTL 3 BTL 4 BTL 4 BTL 3 BTL 6 BTL 1 BTL 5 BTL 5 Analyze Remember Remember Remember Apply Analyze Analyze Apply Create Remember Evaluate Evaluate

4 frequency equal to 3000 flashes per seconds. What will be the other flash frequencies which produce a 5 line pattern and 10 line pattern? ii) While measuring the speed of a steam turbine with stroboscope single line images were observed for stroboscope setting of 3000, 4000 and 5230 rpm. Evaluate the speed of turbine. 3. Design a Torsion bar dynamometer for torque measurement. Discuss about the various methods force measurement. 4. Design a Bonded strain gauge transducer for measuring compressive force and explain with bridge circuit. (7) (15) BTL 6 Create (15) BTL 6 Create UNIT II -MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION, VIBRATION AND DENSITY Accelerometers :- LVDT, Piezoelectric, Strain gauge and Variable reluctance type accelerometers - Mechanical type vibration instruments - Seismic instruments as accelerometer - Vibration sensor - Calibration of vibration pickups - Units of density and specific gravity - Baume scale and API scale - Pressure type densitometers - Float type densitometers - Ultrasonic densitometer gas densitometer. PART A Q.No Question BT Level Competence 1. What is a seismic instrument? State the function of seismic transducer. 2. List the properties of spring employed seismic type of instrument for measurement of vibration and acceleration. 3. State the principle of operation of Ultrasonic densitometer. 4. Give any two features of piezo-electric accelerometer. 5. Give the methods of calibration of vibration pickup. 6. Define specific weight and density. 7. Give the units of density used in industries. 8. Summarize the different ways to measure density. 9. Specify the applications of bridge type gas densitometer. 10. What is the basic principle of strain gauge accelerometer? 11. Examine the quantities required in a vibration measurement system. BTL 3 Apply 12. Show the advantages of mechanical type vibration measuring instruments. BTL 3 Apply 13. An accelerometer has a seismic mass of 0.05kg and a spring constant of 3000 N/m. Maximum mass displacement is +/ BTL 3 Apply m. Calculate the natural frequency. 14. Differentiate relative and absolute Acceleration measurement. BTL 4 Analyze 15. Explain how Ultrasonic densitometer used to measure the flow rate of mixture. BTL 4 Analyze 16. Differentiate the two modes of operation of accelerometer. BTL 4 Analyze 17. Compare the terms specific weight and specific gravity. 18. Criticize how a seismic instrument acts as accelerometer. 19. Formulate the expression for sinusoidal vibration. BTL 6 Create

5 20. Draw the setup of Gas densitometer. BTL 6 Create PART B 1. i.) Give a detailed explanation about working of LVDT (8) type and Piezo electric type accelerometers used for measurement of acceleration. ii.) Write their advantages and disadvantages. (5) 2. Discriminate the seismic instruments as a vibrometer and (13) accelerometer. Justify with your answer. 3. Discuss about the quantities involved in vibration (13) measurement. Explain the operation of seismic transducer in different modes of operation. 4. Investigate how relative motion is measured using seismic instruments. (13) BTL 6 Create 5. i) What is a vibrational pick up? Explain about the (8) Measurements? nature of vibration. ii) What are the quantities involved in Vibration (5) 6. i) Describe about the basic of Vibration (8) exposure to vibration. Measurement System. ii) Describe the different methods of Controlling (5) 7. i) Explain in detail about Variable reluctance (8) accelerometer with a neat sketch. BTL 4 Analyze ii) Explain in detail about strain gauge accelerometer. (5) 8. Draw the schematic diagram of Pressure head type (13) densitometer and explain its working and construction. BTL 4 Analyze 9. Explain the following with a neat sketch i) Float type densitometer (6) ii) Electromagnetic suspension type gas densitometer. (7) 10. i) Briefly describe about the construction and (8) working principle of Ultrasonic densitometer. ii) Write short notes on Hydrostatic type (5) densitometer. 11. Explain the working and construction of (13) displacement-type densitometers. 12. Mention in detail about the API scale and Baume scale. (13) BTL 3 Apply 13. Explain the working and construction of Thermal gas (13) BTL 4 Analyze densitometer. 14. Illustrate in detail about the calibration of vibration (13) BTL 3 Apply pickup. PART C 1. Analyze three stages of measuring system for seismic (15) mass accelerometer with the help of neat sketch. 2. Propose method to measure a vibration using Laser (15) BTL 6 Create Doppler technique and discuss above meter in detail. 3. Design an ultrasonic slurry densitometer. Discuss about (15) the attenuation of sonic or ultrasonic pulses increases as the sludge density rises. BTL 6 Create

6 4. Deduce a displacer type densitometer with Torque-Tube. (15) UNIT III - PRESSURE MEASUREMENT Units of pressure - Manometers, different types, Elastic type pressure gauges, Bourdon tube, bellows and diaphragms - Electrical methods:- Elastic elements with LVDT and strain gauges - Capacitive type pressure gauge - Piezo resistive pressure sensor-resonator pressure sensor - Measurement of vacuum-mcleod gauge-thermal conductivity gauge-ionization gauges Cold cathode type and hot cathode type - calibration of pressure gauges - Dead weight tester. PART A Q.No Question BT Competence Level 1. List the transducer used for measuring low pressure. 2. List the applications of piezo resistive pressure sensor. 3. What is a dead weight tester? 4. State the principle of McLeod gauge. 5. Mention any three elastic type pressure gauges. 6. Name the pressure gauges used to measure Vacuum pressure. 7. Illustrate the working principle of thermal conductivity gauge. 8. Give the relationship between pressure and its measuring devices. 9. Express the different units of pressure. 10. Write down the expression for pressure in friction gauge. 11. Classify the types of Diaphragms. BTL 3 Apply 12. What do you infer from the limitations of McLeod gauge? BTL 3 Apply 13. Classify the pressure based on the type of measurement. BTL 3 Apply 14. Categorize the different application of dead weight tester. BTL 4 Analyze 15. Compare the materials used for Diaphragm design. BTL 4 Analyze 16. How is differential pressure measured in multiple fluid column? BTL 4 Analyze 17. Assess the working principle of capacitive transducer for pressure measurement. 18. Why elastic element type gauges are recommended and preferred to liquid column manometers in industry? 19. Develop an arrangement used for calibration of pressure gauge. BTL 6 Create 20. Formulate the expression for pressure in hot cathode type ionization gauge. BTL 6 Create PART B 1. Describe the methods of measurement of pressure using (13) thermal conductivity gauges and ionization gauge. 2. Describe the pressure measurement process using the following: i) Bourdon tubes (4) ii) Bellows (4) iii) Diaphragms (5) 3. With neat sketch describe the method of measurement (13) differential pressure using Capacitive differential pressure sensor. Mention its advantages and disadvantages. 4. Describe the methods of pressure measurement using (13) resistive type pressure transducers 5. Describe the methods of pressure measurement using (13)

7 resistive type pressure transducers. 6. i) What are the different types of electrical pressure transducers commonly used in industries? Discuss. (8) ii) Describe with a neat sketch, the construction and working principles of different types of manometer used for pressure measurement. (5) 7. i) Classify the pressure transducer based on range of measurement and type of measurement. (8) ii) Explain with a neat sketch, the construction and working principles of well type and inclined type manometer used for pressure measurement. (5) BTL 4 Analyze 8. Illustrate, the pressure measurement methods by using the following with neat diagram: i) Capacitance Pressure Transducer (7) BTL 3 Apply ii) Potentiometric Pressure Transducer (6) 9. Demonstrate how a Dead weight tester is used to (13) calibrate Pressure measuring device and mention the factors affecting the accuracy of Dead weight Tester. BTL 3 Apply 10. i) What is meant by pressure? Write short notes on its (8) classification based on Reference pressure. ii) Outline the working cold cathode type ionization (5) gauge. BTL 4 Analyze 11. i) How LVDT is used for process pressure (8) measurement? Explain ii) A pressure gauge in the range of 0 to 100kg/cm 2 is (5) to be calibrated with the help of Deadweight tester. Calibration is used to be checked in the steps of 10kg/cm 2. Recommend the standard weights required if the average area of piston and cylinder is 1cm 2. Assume that the friction and other effects are negligible. 12. Describe the working of all types of bourdon tube (13) pressure gauges with a neat schematic. 13. Explain how McLeod gauge used for low pressure (13) BTL 4 Analyze measurement. Justify this with your answer. 14. Propose a setup to measure vacuum pressure. Explain (13) BTL 6 Create the mechanism behind it. PART C 1. Design a gauge using bellow to measure gauge pressure (15) BTL 6 Create and differential pressure. 2. Prepare a detail notes on various types of diaphragm and bourdon tubes. (15) BTL 6 Create 3. i) A McLeod gauge has volume of bulb capillary and (8) tube down to its opening equal to 90 cm 3 and a capillary diameter of 1 mm. Evaluate the pressure indicated by a reading of 3 cm. ii) Explain about the manometer dynamics. (7) 4. Explain about the testing and obtaining error of pressure (15) gauges by a suitable calibration technique.

8 UNIT-IV TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT-I Definitions and standards - Primary and secondary fixed points - Calibration of thermometers - Different types of filled in system thermometers - Sources of errors in - filled in systems and their compensation - Bimetallic thermometers - RTD - characteristics and signal conditioning - 3 lead and 4 lead RTDs - Thermistors. PART A Q.No Question BT Competence Level 1. Mention the sources of error in filled in system thermometer. 2. Show the relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit. 3. What are the primary standards for temperature measuring calibration? 4. Define boiling point, freezing point and triple point. 5. Enumerate the differences between RTD and thermistor. 6. List out the materials used in thermistors. 7. Differentiate between 3-wire RTD and 4-wire RTD. 8. Express the V-I characteristics of Thermistor with a neat diagram. 9. Illustrate the working principle of bimetallic thermometer. 10. Classify the different temperature measurement types using change in physical properties. 11. Draw the response curve for different bimetallic elements. BTL 3 Apply 12. Draw the different compensation types in filled in system BTL 3 Apply thermometers. 13. Sketch the response curves for resistance thermometers in air BTL 3 Apply and water. 14. Infer the general classes of filled system thermometers. BTL 4 Analyze 15. A bimetal element formed with stainless steel and invar at BTL 4 Analyze C is raised to C. Each strip has a thickness of cm. calculate ρ. 16. Write down the classification of Expansion thermometers. BTL 4 Analyze 17. Predict for what application thermistor is preferred as temperature sensor. 18. Frame the pressure temperature relationship for filled in system thermometer under constant volume condition. 19. Propose the sources of error is occurring in filled system BTL 6 Create thermometer 20. Write the features of liquid in glass thermometer. BTL 6 Create PART B 1. i) What is calibration? Prepare a notes on thermometer (8) should be Calibrated. ii) Prepare short notes on Definitions and Standards of (5) temperature scale. BTL 6 Create 2. i) Describe the different types of thermistor with (8) sketch. ii) Give the merits and demerits of thermistor. (5) 3. i) Demonstrate the applications of bimetallic (8) BTL 3 Apply

9 thermometer in detail. ii) Mention the merits and demerits of bimetallic thermometer. 4. What are the possible sources of errors in filled-in thermometers and how are they compensated? 5. Discuss the features of RTD and explain the working of RTD in 3 wire configuration. 6. Differentiate thermistor and RTD. Discuss about the characteristics of materials used for resistance thermometers. 7. Explain briefly about (5) (13) (13) (13) BTL 4 Analyze i) Primary fixed points (8) BTL 4 Analyze ii) Secondary fixed points. (5) 8. Explain with sketches, Where bimetallic elements are used as i) Temperature sensors. (8) BTL 4 Analyze ii) Compensating elements. (5) 9. Draw the neat sketch and explain the construction and (13) Apply BTL 3 working principle of vapour pressure thermometer. 10. Explain in detail the RTD signal conditioning and their (13) characteristics. 11. With neat sketch, describe the construction and working (13) principle of gas expansion type thermometer. 12. With neat sketch, describe the construction and working (13) principle of Fluid expansion type thermometer. 13. Discuss the features of RTD and explain the construction and working of RTD in 4-wire configuration. (13) 14. Explain the constructional details, principle, (13) characteristics and applications of bimetallic thermometers. PART C 1. Develop RTD 4 wire configuration arrangement and (15) BTL 6 Create compare with the 3 wire configuration. 2. Summarize the notes on installation of Resistance (15) temperature detector. 3. i) A platinum thermometer has a resistance of 100 ohm at 25 0 C. (a) Evaluate its resistance at 65 0 C if the platinum has a resistance temperature co-efficient of (8) / 0 C. (b) If the thermometer has a resistance of 150 ohm. Calculate the temperature. ii) Explain about the compensation technique s used in (7) thermometers. 4. Prepare a detail notes on helix and spiral Bimetallic (15) BTL 6 Create thermometer.

10 UNIT V - TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT II Thermocouples - Laws of thermocouple - Fabrication of industrial thermocouples Signal conditioning for thermocouple - isothermal block reference junctions - Commercial circuits for cold junction compensation - Response of thermocouple - Special techniques for measuring high temperature using thermocouple - Radiation fundamentals - Radiation methods of temperature measurement - Total radiation pyrometers - Optical pyrometers - Two color radiation pyrometers - Fiber optic sensor for temperature measurement. PART A Q.No Question BT Competence Level 1. State the selective radiation pyrometer principle. 2. Define Stefan Boltzman Law. 3. Recall See back effect. 4. List any four types of Thermocouples with composition and temperature range. 5. What is pyrometer? 6. List the uses of Radiation pyrometer. 7. Give few types of Thermocouple with composition and temperature range. 8. Illustrate the need of protective sheath in Thermocouple. 9. Illustrate the need for cold junction compensation. 10. Sketch the thermoelectric characteristics of thermocouple. 11. Draw the transmission characteristics of various Optical BTL 3 Apply materials. 12. Draw the response characteristics of different types of radiation BTL 3 Apply detectors. 13. Classify the types of pyrometers? BTL 3 Apply 14. Point out the factors that affect the response of Thermocouple. BTL 4 Analyze 15. What are the advantages of fiber optic based temperature BTL 4 Analyze measuring instruments? 16. Point out the operation of optical pyrometer. BTL 4 Analyze 17. Discriminate the various images of filament and target. Used in optical pyrometer with neat diagram. 18. Summarize the different response criteria in which radiation detector depends on. 19. Construct the mounting diagram of thermocouple. BTL 6 Create 20. Write down the demerits of optical pyrometer. BTL 6 Create PART B 1. Describe the special techniques adopted for measuring high temperature using thermocouples. (13) BTL 1 Remember 2. i) Describe the construction of Thermocouple. (4) ii) State the laws of thermocouple. (4) iii) What are the common materials used for (5) thermocouple? 3. i) Name different types of Pyrometer and Recall the (5) radiation pyrometers. basic working principle of Pyrometer. ii) Describe the working principle of two color (8) 4. i) Describe the factors to be considered for the (8)

11 selection of thermocouple. ii) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of thermocouple? (5) 5. i) Elaborate how the fiber optic temperature (8) measurement is advantageous than other methods. ii) Explain in detail about the cold junction (5) BTL 4 compensation used in thermocouple. 6. Explain about the construction and working of different (13) types of radiation pyrometer with neat sketch. BTL 4 7. i) Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of (8) radiation pyrometer. ii) Summarize the applications of radiation pyrometer. (5) 8. Draw and explain the signal conditioning circuit diagram (13) BTL 4 of thermocouple. 9. i) Generalize laws of intermediate temperatures and (8) metals. BTL 6 ii) Compare and contrast different types of pyrometers. (5) 10. Explain about Isothermal block reference junctions in (13) thermocouple. BTL i) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of optical (8) pyrometer. ii) Describe the applications of optical pyrometer in (5) detail. 12. Interpret the working principle of i) Total radiation pyrometer. (8) ii) Optical pyrometer. (5) 13. Demonstrate the different types of thermocouple with (13) necessary specification. BTL i) Illustrate the fabrication of industrial thermocouple. (8) ii) How do we relate Thermocouple and Thermopile? (5) BTL 3 Write short notes on thermopile. PART C 1. Explain in detail about the dynamic response of (15) thermocouple. BTL 5 2. Suggest a suitable measuring system to measure the (15) inside temperature of nuclear reactor and explain the BTL 6 method with block diagram. 3. i) Evaluate the thermoelectric sensitivity of a device (8) using bismuth and tellurium as the dissimilar metals. Estimate the maximum output voltage for a C temperature difference at room temperature using one junction. The sensitivity of bismuth is -72 microvolt/ 0 C and that of tellurium 500 microvolt/ 0 C. ii) A copper constantan thermocouple was found to have (7) BTL 5 linear calibration between 0 0 C and C with at maximum temperature (reference junction temperature 0 0 C) equal to 20.68mV. (a) Evaluate the correction what must be made to the indicated emf if the junction temperature is 25 0 C. (b) If the indicated Analyze Analyze Analyze Create Evaluate Apply Apply Evaluate Create Evaluate

12 emf is 8.92 mv in the thermocouple circuit with reference junction at 25 0 C. Determine the temperature of the hot junction. 4. Prepare a short note on installation and protection of thermocouple. (15) BTL 6 Create

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK Name : INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS Code : A70343 Class : IV B. Tech