Thermal Dark Matter Below an MeV
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1 Thermal Dark Matter Below an MeV ASHER BERLIN TeVPA, Ohio State University August 9, 2017 Collaboration with Nikita Blinov, arxiv:
2 Dark Matter Mass dwarf galaxies MACHO GeV GeV
3 Dark Matter Mass dwarf galaxies QCD axion WIMP MACHO GeV 100 GeV GeV
4 Dark Matter Mass dwarf galaxies QCD axion WIMP MACHO GeV 100 GeV GeV
5 Dark Matter Mass dwarf galaxies QCD axion? WIMP MACHO GeV 100 GeV GeV
6 Dark Matter Mass dwarf galaxies QCD axion WIMP MACHO GeV 100 GeV GeV Thermal Contact
7 Dark Matter Mass dwarf galaxies QCD axion WIMP MACHO GeV 100 GeV GeV Thermal Contact BBN Light DM WIMPs Ω > GeV 10 GeV 10 5 GeV
8 Dark Matter Mass dwarf galaxies QCD axion WIMP MACHO GeV 100 GeV GeV Thermal Contact BBN Light DM WIMPs Ω > GeV 10 GeV 10 5 GeV
9 thermal dark matter noun Definition of THERMAL DARK MATTER : dark matter that acquired its cosmological abundance through thermal contact with the Standard Model bath at large temperatures. First Known Use: 1970s
10 Neff
11 Neff (standard assumption) DM-SM Equilibration > MeV Neutrino-Photon Decoupling ~ MeV T ~ mχ
12 Neff (standard assumption) DM-SM Equilibration > MeV Neutrino-Photon Decoupling ~ MeV T ~ mχ DM-Neutrino Equilibration N e ' /3 21 g & 3.78 &.
13 Sub-MeV: BBN + CMB
14 Sub-MeV: BBN + CMB. N e (BBN) ' 2.85 ± 0.28 ' ± K. Nollett, G. Steigman, arxiv:
15 inos at T & 2 MeV and T. 2 MeV N e ' (7) /41/3 21 g & 3.18 N e ' / 41/3 21 g & 3.18 (8) L ' L ' Sub-MeV: BBN + CMB (9) m. m m. m N e (BBN) (10) ' 2.85 ± 0.28 N e (BBN) ' 2.85 ± 0.28 N e (CMB) (11) ' 3.15 ± 0.23 N e (CMB) ' 3.15 ± 0.23 N e (CMB-S4) (12) ' ±0.027 N e (CMB-S4) ' ±0.027 (13) K. Nollett, G. Steigman, arxiv: Z. Hou, et al., arxiv:
16 inos at T & 2 MeV and T. 2 MeV N e ' (7) /41/3 21 g & 3.18 N e ' / 41/3 21 g & 3.18 (8) L ' L ' Sub-MeV: BBN + CMB (9) m. m m. m N e (BBN) (10) ' 2.85 ± 0.28 N e (BBN) ' 2.85 ± 0.28 N e (CMB) (11) ' 3.15 ± 0.23 N e (CMB) ' 3.15 ± 0.23 N e (CMB-S4) (12) ' ±0.027 N e (CMB-S4) ' ±0.027 (13) Thermal DM should be heavier than an MeV K. Nollett, G. Steigman, arxiv: Z. Hou, et al., arxiv:
17 How ubiquitous is DM-SM Equilibration Before Neutrino-Photon Decoupling?
18 How ubiquitous is DM-SM Equilibration Before Neutrino-Photon Decoupling? DM-Neutrino Equilibration N e ' /3 21 g & 3.78 &.
19 Dark Matter Mass Lee-Weinberg MeV GeV TeV χ SM Z m & m 2 Z GeV (T eq m pl ) 1/2 χ SM Sub-GeV thermal DM requires light mediators: m ' m B. Lee and S. Weinberg, Phys.Rev.Lett. 39 (1977)
20 Equilibration Light Mediator T,m 2 '/T Expansion H T 2 Heavy Mediator T ~ m j Heavy Mediator ' T 3 / 2 G H Light Mediator G = H ~ 1 ê T Æ
21 Equilibration Light Mediator T,m 2 '/T Expansion H T 2 Heavy Mediator T ~ m j Heavy Mediator ' T 3 / 2 G H Light Mediator G = H ~ 1 ê T Æ Light thermal DM naturally enters equilibrium (for high enough TRH)
22 Neff Neutrino-Photon Decoupling ~ MeV DM-SM Equilibration < MeV T ~ mχ DM-Neutrino & Equilibration. N e ' / 41/3 21 g & 3.18 L
23 Neff Neutrino-Photon Decoupling ~ MeV DM-SM Equilibration < MeV T ~ mχ DM-Neutrino & Equilibration. N e ' / 41/3 21 g & 3.18 L ' ± g. few
24 Neff i = Ti/T equil./e ± SM freeze-out T [MeV] ' decay
25 Thermal History Y DM WIMP ~ 1 ê T
26 Thermal History Light ''WIMP'' Y DM WIMP ~ 1 ê T
27 Thermal History Light ''WIMP'' Y DM Freeze-In WIMP ~ 1 ê T
28 A Toy Model ' L ' m. m χ ϕ ν ϕ ν χ ϕ (Freeze-Out) (Equilibration and Decay)
29 A Toy Model ' L ' Thermal Dark Matter Clusters l n = 10-8 mc ê m j 10 1 Ly-a l n = 10-9 Neff l n = m
30 Summary Sub-MeV DM that freezes-out thermally with the SM is possible. Equilibration predicts a limited range for DM-SM coupling. CMB-S4 and 21 cm observations will be sensitive to the entire parameter space.
31 Back Up Slides
32 Neff DM-SM Equilibration? Neutrino-Photon Decoupling ~ MeV End of BBN ~ 100 kev T Recombination ~ ev
33 Neff DM-SM Equilibration? Neutrino-Photon Decoupling ~ MeV End of BBN ~ 100 kev T Recombination ~ ev
34 Neff γ ν γ γ ν DM ν DM ν DM DM N e ' /3 21 g & 3.78 &.
35 Neff γ ν γ γ DM ν ν DM ν DM DM &. N e ' / 41/3 21 g L & 3.18
36 Neff γ ν γ γ DM ν ν DM ν DM DM &. N e ' / 41/3 21 g L & 3.18 (~ cyclic, but ds > 0)
37 Neff 5.5 Ne T eq >T dec 3.5 b 3.0 T eq <T dec a T [MeV]
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