ECON Homework #2 - ANSWERS. Y C I = G 0 b(1 t)y +C = a. ky li = M 0
|
|
- Phebe Briggs
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ECON Homework #2 - ANSWERS 1. IS-LM model in a closed economy: a Equilibrium in the real goods sector: Y = C + I + G National income = Total planned expenditures. Equilibrium in the monetary sector: M d = M s Money demand = Money supply. b At the equilibrium, the goods market satisfy: Y = C + I + G C = a + b1 ty I = d ei G = G 0 At the equilibrium, the monetary market satisfy: M d = M s M d = ky li M s = M 0 Y C I = G 0 b1 ty +C = a ky li = M 0 M d = M s = M 0 I +ei = d G = G 0 When we combine the 2 sectors at the equilibrium, we have the following system: Y C I = G Y b1 ty +C = a b1 t C I +ei = d e I = ky li = M 0 k 0 0 l i G 0 a d M 0 c To answer, we need to calculate the determinant of the coecient matrix found in b. Since it is a 4,4-matrix, we need to use the expansion in cofactors: we develop 1
2 according to the third row that contains 2 zeros any other expansion acceptable! det b1 t e k 0 0 l = +1 det b1 t 1 0 e det b1 t 1 0 k 0 l = l det ek det b1 t = l[b1 t 1] ek 0 by assumption k 0 0 where the third equality follows from an expansion according to the third column for the rst 3,3-matrix and an expansion according to the third row for the second one. Since the determinant of the coecient matrix of the system is nonzero, Cramer's rule applies and we have: Y = G a det d 0 1 e M l l[b1 t 1] ek The numerator is equal to: G G det a d 0 1 e = a det 0 1 e + det d 1 e 0 0 l M 0 0 l M l 1 e 1 e = a 1 det + G 0 det + det 0 l 0 l = em 0 la + d + G 0 d M 0 e l 2
3 Finally: Y = e ek + l[1 b1 t] M l 0 + ek + [1 b1 t] a + g + G 0 e Note: Coecient is called money-supply multiplier. ek+l[1 b1 t] l Coecient is called government-expenditure coecient. ek+[1 b1 t] 2. We have a linear system with 3 equations and 3 unknowns. So we solve it by gaussian elimination. Note that since there are 2 parameters a and b, we have to make sure transformations of the system are valid and yield to an equivalent system. We will likely have to distinguish dierent cases. x + ay 21z = 2 L2 3x + 7y + az = b L ay 18z = 3 L1 + L2 y + 9 az = 3 b 3L1 L3 y + 9 az = 3 b L ay 18z = 3 L2 Next, I should get rid of y in L3. However, to do so, I have to multiply L2 by 2 + a: this is a valid transformation only when 2 + a 0. We then have 2 cases. - case 1: a = 2. The system writes: y + 11z = 3 b L3 + 18z = 3 L2 x = 67/6 2b y = b 29/6 z = 1/6 There is a unique solution for any real number b. There is 0 degree of freedom. - case 2: a 2. The system writes: y + 9 az = 3 b L2 + [ 9 a2 + a + 18]z = 2 + ab al2 L3 Next, I should be able to deduce z as a function of the parameter from L3. But I can only do that if the coecient of z in L3 is nonzero. First we nd the values of a for 3
4 which this coecient is 0: 9 a2 + a + 18 = 0 a 2 7a = 0 aa 7 = 0 a = 0 or a = 7 Again, we have several cases to distinguish. - case i: a = 0 or a = 7 ie coecient of z in L3 is null. We consider L3 alone for now L3 0 = 2 + ab 3 3 b = 9 2 when a = 0 OR b = 10 3 when a = 7 Here again we have 2 cases: - a = 0 and b 9/2 OR a = 7 and b 10/3 ie L3 does not hold: the system does not have a solution. - a = 0 and b = 9/2 OR a = 7 and b = 10/3 ie L3 holds and can be deleted b/c it states 0=0: the system becomes y + 9 az = 3 b L2 x = 2[9 az + b 3] 3z + 1 y = az + 7 2b x = 2[9 az + b 3] 3z + 1 y = 9 az + b 3 There are innitely many solutions. We have been able to express them as functions of 1 variable only z, so it means that there is 1 degree of freedom. - case ii: a 0 and a 7 ie coecient of z in L3 is nonzero. The system writes: x = 1 2y 3z y = 9 az + b 3 z = 2+ab a2+a the above solution can be simplied more... There is a unique solution, so 0 degree of freedom. x = a2+ab 3 39 a 18 9 a2+a y = 9 a2+ab 3 39 a 18 9 a2+a + b 3 z = 2+ab a2+a 2b ab a2+a To conclude, we can summarize the dierent cases: - when a = 0 and b = 9/2 or when a = 7 and b = 10/3, there are innitely many solutions and one degree of freedom. - when a = 0 and b 9/2 or when a = 7 and b 10/3, there is no solution. - when a 0 and a 7, for any b real number, there is a unique solution and zero degree of freedom. 4
5 3. a M I = α α α 1 The determinant is obtained after an expansion in cofactors according to the rst row other expansions possible!: 1 1 M I = α α α α = α 1 b When α = 1, we have: x +y +z = x y +z = 0 Mv = v x y z = y x 2y z = 0 x +y +z = z x +y = 0 x +2y +z = 0 L2 y +z = 0 L1 x +y = 0 L3 x +2y +z = 0 y +z = 0 y +z = 0 L1 L3 x = 2y z y = z x = z y = z For any real number z, the vectors z z satisfy the system Mv = v the system z has 1 degree of freedom!. Here we are looking for a vector of length 1, so we need 1 z = ± 1 3, so v = ±
6 c M 2 v = MMv = Mv = v,, so M n v = v for all n. We can easily demonstrate this formula by recurrence. 4. a We are looking for symmetric matrix A of order 2, solution of the equation A 2 a b = O 2. Therefore, let A =. Then, we have: b d A 2 a 2 + b 2 ba + d 0 0 = O 2 = ba + d b 2 + d a 2 + b 2 = 0 i ba + d = 0 ii b 2 + d 2 = 0 iii We study these equations one by one: i a 2 + b 2 = 0 a = 0 and b = 0 b/c the square of a real number is always nonnegative. ii Similarly, b 2 + d 2 = 0 b = d = 0. iii Finally: ba + d = 0 b = 0 or a = d. Hence, for the three above equations to hold simultaneously, there is only one solution: a = b = d = 0, that is the only symmetric matrix solution of the equation is A = O 2. b We are now looking for matrix A of order 2 non necessarily symmetric, solution of the equation A 2 a b = O 2. Therefore, let A =. Then, we have: c d a 2 + bc = 0 A 2 a 2 + bc ba + d 0 0 ba + d = 0 = O 2 = ca + d bc + d ca + d = 0 bc + d 2 = 0 a 2 = bc i b = 0 or a = d ii c = 0 or a = d iii d 2 = bc iv 6
7 There are several cases: - case 1: b = 0 then from equations i and iv, we deduce that a = d = 0; c is a free parameter ie it can be any real number. So the family of matrices solutions of the equation can be written as: A c = 0 0 c 0 where c is any real number Note1: the unique symmetric solution we found in a belongs to this family when c = 0. - case 2: c = 0 and b 0 then from equations i and iv, we deduce that a = d = 0; b is a free non-zero parameter. So the family of matrices solutions of the equation can be written as: A b = 0 b 0 0 where b is any non-zero real number Note2: we exclude the case b = 0 because it already belongs to the previous family. - case 3: b 0 and c 0 then from equation ii d = a; from equation iv c = d 2 /b = a 2 /b; a and b are 2 free parameters. So the family of matrices solutions of the equation can be written as: A a,b = a a 2 /b b a where a, b are any non-zero real numbers Note3: I chose here as free parameters a and b ie all the other variables are expressed as functions of a and b. This is not the only possibility: for instance, you can choose a and c and you get family of matrices: A = a a 2 /c c a real numbers. And the 2 families are equivalent in the sense that they give the exact same family of matrices when their parameters take all the possible values. Note4: all the solutions we have found are non-symmetric matrices except family 1 when c = 0. So there is no contradiction with question a. Note5: this system cannot be solved by Gaussian elimination since it is nonlinear. 7 where a, c are any non-zero
8 c We have to check that all solutions can be written in general as A = pq with p, q column-vectors of size 2 s.t. p q = 0. The three families can be reexpressed as follows: c A c = = c 0 and 0 1 = 0 c b 1 0 A b = = 0 b and 1 0 = b a b 1 a A a,b = = a b and 1 a/b = 0 a 2 /b a a/b b All three cases are of the form A = pq with p q = 0. Conversely, if A = pq then A 2 = pq pq = pq pq = pp q q = O 2 whenever pq = 0. 8
ECON2285: Mathematical Economics
ECON2285: Mathematical Economics Yulei Luo FBE, HKU September 2, 2018 Luo, Y. (FBE, HKU) ME September 2, 2018 1 / 35 Course Outline Economics: The study of the choices people (consumers, firm managers,
More informationECON0702: Mathematical Methods in Economics
ECON0702: Mathematical Methods in Economics Yulei Luo SEF of HKU January 12, 2009 Luo, Y. (SEF of HKU) MME January 12, 2009 1 / 35 Course Outline Economics: The study of the choices people (consumers,
More informationECON 331 Homework #2 - Solution. In a closed model the vector of external demand is zero, so the matrix equation writes:
ECON 33 Homework #2 - Solution. (Leontief model) (a) (i) The matrix of input-output A and the vector of level of production X are, respectively:.2.3.2 x A =.5.2.3 and X = y.3.5.5 z In a closed model the
More informationElementary maths for GMT
Elementary maths for GMT Linear Algebra Part 2: Matrices, Elimination and Determinant m n matrices The system of m linear equations in n variables x 1, x 2,, x n a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1n x n = b 1
More informationMatrix algebra. Econ Pre-Session Math Solutions of Problem Sheet 2 30/08/2017
Econ Pre-Session Math Solutions of Problem Sheet /8/7 Matrix algebra (ABC = A(BC In general AB BA!! (A + BC = AC + BC (A T T = A (A + B T = A T + B T (AB T = B T A T rank(a: is the number of pivot elements
More informationTOPIC III LINEAR ALGEBRA
[1] Linear Equations TOPIC III LINEAR ALGEBRA (1) Case of Two Endogenous Variables 1) Linear vs. Nonlinear Equations Linear equation: ax + by = c, where a, b and c are constants. 2 Nonlinear equation:
More information1. (3pts) State three of the properties of matrix multiplication.
Math 125 Exam 2 Version 1 October 23, 2006 60 points possible 1. (a) (3pts) State three of the properties of matrix multiplication. Solution: From page 72 of the notes: Theorem: The Properties of Matrix
More information6.4 Determinants and Cramer s Rule
6.4 Determinants and Cramer s Rule Objectives Determinant of a 2 x 2 Matrix Determinant of an 3 x 3 Matrix Determinant of a n x n Matrix Cramer s Rule If a matrix is square (that is, if it has the same
More informationMath Camp Notes: Linear Algebra I
Math Camp Notes: Linear Algebra I Basic Matrix Operations and Properties Consider two n m matrices: a a m A = a n a nm Then the basic matrix operations are as follows: a + b a m + b m A + B = a n + b n
More informationDigital Workbook for GRA 6035 Mathematics
Eivind Eriksen Digital Workbook for GRA 6035 Mathematics November 10, 2014 BI Norwegian Business School Contents Part I Lectures in GRA6035 Mathematics 1 Linear Systems and Gaussian Elimination........................
More informationLinear Systems and Matrices
Department of Mathematics The Chinese University of Hong Kong 1 System of m linear equations in n unknowns (linear system) a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1n x n = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 22 x 2 + + a 2n x n = b 2.......
More informationMATH 2050 Assignment 8 Fall [10] 1. Find the determinant by reducing to triangular form for the following matrices.
MATH 2050 Assignment 8 Fall 2016 [10] 1. Find the determinant by reducing to triangular form for the following matrices. 0 1 2 (a) A = 2 1 4. ANS: We perform the Gaussian Elimination on A by the following
More informationA 2. =... = c c N. 's arise from the three types of elementary row operations. If rref A = I its determinant is 1, and A = c 1
Theorem: Let A n n Then A 1 exists if and only if det A 0 proof: We already know that A 1 exists if and only if the reduced row echelon form of A is the identity matrix Now, consider reducing A to its
More informationTutorial 1: Linear Algebra
Tutorial : Linear Algebra ECOF. Suppose p + x q, y r If x y, find p, q, r.. Which of the following sets of vectors are linearly dependent? [ ] [ ] [ ] (a),, (b),, (c),, 9 (d) 9,,. Let Find A [ ], B [ ]
More informationMethods for Solving Linear Systems Part 2
Methods for Solving Linear Systems Part 2 We have studied the properties of matrices and found out that there are more ways that we can solve Linear Systems. In Section 7.3, we learned that we can use
More informationLemma 8: Suppose the N by N matrix A has the following block upper triangular form:
17 4 Determinants and the Inverse of a Square Matrix In this section, we are going to use our knowledge of determinants and their properties to derive an explicit formula for the inverse of a square matrix
More informationLinear Algebra (part 1) : Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations (by Evan Dummit, 2016, v. 2.02)
Linear Algebra (part ) : Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations (by Evan Dummit, 206, v 202) Contents 2 Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations 2 Systems of Linear Equations 2 Elimination, Matrix Formulation
More information3 Matrix Algebra. 3.1 Operations on matrices
3 Matrix Algebra A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers; it is of size m n if it has m rows and n columns. A 1 n matrix is a row vector; an m 1 matrix is a column vector. For example: 1 5 3 5 3 5 8
More informationMaterials engineering Collage \\ Ceramic & construction materials department Numerical Analysis \\Third stage by \\ Dalya Hekmat
Materials engineering Collage \\ Ceramic & construction materials department Numerical Analysis \\Third stage by \\ Dalya Hekmat Linear Algebra Lecture 2 1.3.7 Matrix Matrix multiplication using Falk s
More informationLinear Algebra: Linear Systems and Matrices - Quadratic Forms and Deniteness - Eigenvalues and Markov Chains
Linear Algebra: Linear Systems and Matrices - Quadratic Forms and Deniteness - Eigenvalues and Markov Chains Joshua Wilde, revised by Isabel Tecu, Takeshi Suzuki and María José Boccardi August 3, 3 Systems
More information11 a 12 a 13 a 21 a 22 a b 12 b 13 b 21 b 22 b b 11 a 12 + b 12 a 13 + b 13 a 21 + b 21 a 22 + b 22 a 23 + b 23
Chapter 2 (3 3) Matrices The methods used described in the previous chapter for solving sets of linear equations are equally applicable to 3 3 matrices. The algebra becomes more drawn out for larger matrices,
More informationMath Matrix Theory - Spring 2012
Math 440 - Matrix Theory - Spring 202 HW #2 Solutions Which of the following are true? Why? If not true, give an example to show that If true, give your reasoning (a) Inverse of an elementary matrix is
More informationTopic 4: Matrices Reading: Jacques: Chapter 7, Section
Topic 4: Matrices Reading: Jacques: Chapter 7, Section 7.1-7.3 1. dding, sutracting and multiplying matrices 2. Matrix inversion 3. pplication: National Income Determination What is a matrix? Matrix is
More informationMATRIX ALGEBRA AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS. + + x 1 x 2. x n 8 (4) 3 4 2
MATRIX ALGEBRA AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND MATRICES Representation of a linear system The general system of m equations in n unknowns can be written a x + a 2 x 2 + + a n x n b a
More information1 Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations
Linear Algebra (part ) : Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations (by Evan Dummit, 207, v 260) Contents Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations Systems of Linear Equations Elimination, Matrix Formulation
More informationCHAPTER 8: Matrices and Determinants
(Exercises for Chapter 8: Matrices and Determinants) E.8.1 CHAPTER 8: Matrices and Determinants (A) means refer to Part A, (B) means refer to Part B, etc. Most of these exercises can be done without a
More informationLecture 22: Section 4.7
Lecture 22: Section 47 Shuanglin Shao December 2, 213 Row Space, Column Space, and Null Space Definition For an m n, a 11 a 12 a 1n a 21 a 22 a 2n A = a m1 a m2 a mn, the vectors r 1 = [ a 11 a 12 a 1n
More informationLinear Algebra and Vector Analysis MATH 1120
Faculty of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department Linear Algebra and Vector Analysis MATH 1120 : Instructor Dr. O. Philips Agboola Determinants and Cramer s Rule Determinants If a matrix is square
More informationDeterminants Chapter 3 of Lay
Determinants Chapter of Lay Dr. Doreen De Leon Math 152, Fall 201 1 Introduction to Determinants Section.1 of Lay Given a square matrix A = [a ij, the determinant of A is denoted by det A or a 11 a 1j
More informationChapter 7. Linear Algebra: Matrices, Vectors,
Chapter 7. Linear Algebra: Matrices, Vectors, Determinants. Linear Systems Linear algebra includes the theory and application of linear systems of equations, linear transformations, and eigenvalue problems.
More informationMATRIX DETERMINANTS. 1 Reminder Definition and components of a matrix
MATRIX DETERMINANTS Summary Uses... 1 1 Reminder Definition and components of a matrix... 1 2 The matrix determinant... 2 3 Calculation of the determinant for a matrix... 2 4 Exercise... 3 5 Definition
More informationAlgebra & Trig. I. For example, the system. x y 2 z. may be represented by the augmented matrix
Algebra & Trig. I 8.1 Matrix Solutions to Linear Systems A matrix is a rectangular array of elements. o An array is a systematic arrangement of numbers or symbols in rows and columns. Matrices (the plural
More informationLecture 11: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Lecture : Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors De nition.. Let A be a square matrix (or linear transformation). A number λ is called an eigenvalue of A if there exists a non-zero vector u such that A u λ u. ()
More informationif we factor non-zero factors out of rows, we factor the same factors out of the determinants.
Theorem: Let A n n. Then A 1 exists if and only if det A 0. proof: We already know that A 1 exists if and only if the reduced row echelon form of A is the identity matrix. Now, consider reducing A to its
More informationMA2501 Numerical Methods Spring 2015
Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Mathematics MA2501 Numerical Methods Spring 2015 Solutions to exercise set 3 1 Attempt to verify experimentally the calculation from class that
More informationLecture Notes in Linear Algebra
Lecture Notes in Linear Algebra Dr. Abdullah Al-Azemi Mathematics Department Kuwait University February 4, 2017 Contents 1 Linear Equations and Matrices 1 1.2 Matrices............................................
More informationMatrices and Determinants
Math Assignment Eperts is a leading provider of online Math help. Our eperts have prepared sample assignments to demonstrate the quality of solution we provide. If you are looking for mathematics help
More informationConceptual Questions for Review
Conceptual Questions for Review Chapter 1 1.1 Which vectors are linear combinations of v = (3, 1) and w = (4, 3)? 1.2 Compare the dot product of v = (3, 1) and w = (4, 3) to the product of their lengths.
More informationAPPENDIX: MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION AND OTHER FORMS OF PROOF
ELEMENTARY LINEAR ALGEBRA WORKBOOK/FOR USE WITH RON LARSON S TEXTBOOK ELEMENTARY LINEAR ALGEBRA CREATED BY SHANNON MARTIN MYERS APPENDIX: MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION AND OTHER FORMS OF PROOF When you are done
More informationMATH 240 Spring, Chapter 1: Linear Equations and Matrices
MATH 240 Spring, 2006 Chapter Summaries for Kolman / Hill, Elementary Linear Algebra, 8th Ed. Sections 1.1 1.6, 2.1 2.2, 3.2 3.8, 4.3 4.5, 5.1 5.3, 5.5, 6.1 6.5, 7.1 7.2, 7.4 DEFINITIONS Chapter 1: Linear
More informationMATH 1003 Review: Part 2. Matrices. MATH 1003 Review: Part 2. Matrices
Matrices (Ch.4) (i) System of linear equations in 2 variables (L.5, Ch4.1) Find solutions by graphing Supply and demand curve (ii) Basic ideas about Matrices (L.6, Ch4.2) To know a matrix Row operation
More informationFundamentals of Engineering Analysis (650163)
Philadelphia University Faculty of Engineering Communications and Electronics Engineering Fundamentals of Engineering Analysis (6563) Part Dr. Omar R Daoud Matrices: Introduction DEFINITION A matrix is
More informationMatrices 2. Slide for MA1203 Business Mathematics II Week 4
Matrices 2 Slide for MA1203 Business Mathematics II Week 4 2.7 Leontief Input Output Model Input Output Analysis One important applications of matrix theory to the field of economics is the study of the
More informationn n matrices The system of m linear equations in n variables x 1, x 2,..., x n can be written as a matrix equation by Ax = b, or in full
n n matrices Matrices Definitions Diagonal, Identity, and zero matrices Addition Multiplication Transpose and inverse The system of m linear equations in n variables x 1, x 2,..., x n a 11 x 1 + a 12 x
More informationA Review of Matrix Analysis
Matrix Notation Part Matrix Operations Matrices are simply rectangular arrays of quantities Each quantity in the array is called an element of the matrix and an element can be either a numerical value
More informationReview for Exam Find all a for which the following linear system has no solutions, one solution, and infinitely many solutions.
Review for Exam. Find all a for which the following linear system has no solutions, one solution, and infinitely many solutions. x + y z = 2 x + 2y + z = 3 x + y + (a 2 5)z = a 2 The augmented matrix for
More informationMath113: Linear Algebra. Beifang Chen
Math3: Linear Algebra Beifang Chen Spring 26 Contents Systems of Linear Equations 3 Systems of Linear Equations 3 Linear Systems 3 2 Geometric Interpretation 3 3 Matrices of Linear Systems 4 4 Elementary
More informationMTH Linear Algebra. Study Guide. Dr. Tony Yee Department of Mathematics and Information Technology The Hong Kong Institute of Education
MTH 3 Linear Algebra Study Guide Dr. Tony Yee Department of Mathematics and Information Technology The Hong Kong Institute of Education June 3, ii Contents Table of Contents iii Matrix Algebra. Real Life
More informationElementary Linear Algebra
Elementary Linear Algebra Linear algebra is the study of; linear sets of equations and their transformation properties. Linear algebra allows the analysis of; rotations in space, least squares fitting,
More informationSolving Linear Systems Using Gaussian Elimination
Solving Linear Systems Using Gaussian Elimination DEFINITION: A linear equation in the variables x 1,..., x n is an equation that can be written in the form a 1 x 1 +...+a n x n = b, where a 1,...,a n
More informationLinear Algebra V = T = ( 4 3 ).
Linear Algebra Vectors A column vector is a list of numbers stored vertically The dimension of a column vector is the number of values in the vector W is a -dimensional column vector and V is a 5-dimensional
More informationDeterminants and Scalar Multiplication
Properties of Determinants In the last section, we saw how determinants interact with the elementary row operations. There are other operations on matrices, though, such as scalar multiplication, matrix
More informationMA 138 Calculus 2 with Life Science Applications Matrices (Section 9.2)
MA 38 Calculus 2 with Life Science Applications Matrices (Section 92) Alberto Corso albertocorso@ukyedu Department of Mathematics University of Kentucky Friday, March 3, 207 Identity Matrix and Inverse
More informationLinear algebra I Homework #1 due Thursday, Oct. 5
Homework #1 due Thursday, Oct. 5 1. Show that A(5,3,4), B(1,0,2) and C(3, 4,4) are the vertices of a right triangle. 2. Find the equation of the plane that passes through the points A(2,4,3), B(2,3,5),
More informationLinear Algebra review Powers of a diagonalizable matrix Spectral decomposition
Linear Algebra review Powers of a diagonalizable matrix Spectral decomposition Prof. Tesler Math 283 Fall 2016 Also see the separate version of this with Matlab and R commands. Prof. Tesler Diagonalizing
More informationECON Answers Homework #2
ECON 33 - Answers Homework #2 Exercise : Denote by x the number of containers of tye H roduced, y the number of containers of tye T and z the number of containers of tye I. There are 3 inut equations that
More informationENGR-1100 Introduction to Engineering Analysis. Lecture 21
ENGR-1100 Introduction to Engineering Analysis Lecture 21 Lecture outline Procedure (algorithm) for finding the inverse of invertible matrix. Investigate the system of linear equation and invertibility
More informationIS-LM Analysis. Math 202. Brian D. Fitzpatrick. Duke University. February 14, 2018 MATH
IS-LM Analysis Math 202 Brian D. Fitzpatrick Duke University February 14, 2018 MATH Overview Background History Variables The GDP Equation Definition of GDP Assumptions The GDP Equation with Assumptions
More informationChapter 5. Linear Algebra. A linear (algebraic) equation in. unknowns, x 1, x 2,..., x n, is. an equation of the form
Chapter 5. Linear Algebra A linear (algebraic) equation in n unknowns, x 1, x 2,..., x n, is an equation of the form a 1 x 1 + a 2 x 2 + + a n x n = b where a 1, a 2,..., a n and b are real numbers. 1
More information22m:033 Notes: 3.1 Introduction to Determinants
22m:033 Notes: 3. Introduction to Determinants Dennis Roseman University of Iowa Iowa City, IA http://www.math.uiowa.edu/ roseman October 27, 2009 When does a 2 2 matrix have an inverse? ( ) a a If A =
More informationMath 320, spring 2011 before the first midterm
Math 320, spring 2011 before the first midterm Typical Exam Problems 1 Consider the linear system of equations 2x 1 + 3x 2 2x 3 + x 4 = y 1 x 1 + 3x 2 2x 3 + 2x 4 = y 2 x 1 + 2x 3 x 4 = y 3 where x 1,,
More information9 Appendix. Determinants and Cramer s formula
LINEAR ALGEBRA: THEORY Version: August 12, 2000 133 9 Appendix Determinants and Cramer s formula Here we the definition of the determinant in the general case and summarize some features Then we show how
More informationProperties of the Determinant Function
Properties of the Determinant Function MATH 322, Linear Algebra I J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Spring 2015 Overview Today s discussion will illuminate some of the properties of the determinant:
More informationDependent ( ) Independent (1 or Ø) These lines coincide so they are a.k.a coincident.
Notes #3- Date: 7.1 Solving Systems of Two Equations (568) The solution to a system of linear equations is the ordered pair (x, y) where the lines intersect! A solution can be substituted into both equations
More informationThis operation is - associative A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C; - commutative A + B = B + A; - has a neutral element O + A = A, here O is the null matrix
1 Matrix Algebra Reading [SB] 81-85, pp 153-180 11 Matrix Operations 1 Addition a 11 a 12 a 1n a 21 a 22 a 2n a m1 a m2 a mn + b 11 b 12 b 1n b 21 b 22 b 2n b m1 b m2 b mn a 11 + b 11 a 12 + b 12 a 1n
More informationHOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS
HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS 1. Chapter 3, Problem 18 (Graded) Let H and K be subgroups of G. Then e, the identity, must be in H and K, so it must be in H K. Thus, H K is nonempty, so we can
More informationLinear Algebra and Matrix Inversion
Jim Lambers MAT 46/56 Spring Semester 29- Lecture 2 Notes These notes correspond to Section 63 in the text Linear Algebra and Matrix Inversion Vector Spaces and Linear Transformations Matrices are much
More informationMATRICES. a m,1 a m,n A =
MATRICES Matrices are rectangular arrays of real or complex numbers With them, we define arithmetic operations that are generalizations of those for real and complex numbers The general form a matrix of
More informationCalculus and linear algebra for biomedical engineering Week 3: Matrices, linear systems of equations, and the Gauss algorithm
Calculus and linear algebra for biomedical engineering Week 3: Matrices, linear systems of equations, and the Gauss algorithm Hartmut Führ fuehr@matha.rwth-aachen.de Lehrstuhl A für Mathematik, RWTH Aachen
More informationLINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS
SEVENTH EDITION LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS Instructor s Solutions Manual Steven J. Leon PREFACE This solutions manual is designed to accompany the seventh edition of Linear Algebra with Applications
More informationSection 5.3 Systems of Linear Equations: Determinants
Section 5. Systems of Linear Equations: Determinants In this section, we will explore another technique for solving systems called Cramer's Rule. Cramer's rule can only be used if the number of equations
More informationMatrices (Ch.4) MATH 1003 Review: Part 2. Matrices. Matrices (Ch.4) Matrices (Ch.4)
Matrices (Ch.4) Maosheng Xiong Department of Mathematics, HKUST (i) System of linear equations in 2 variables (L.5, Ch4.) Find solutions by graphing Supply and demand curve (ii) Basic ideas about Matrices
More informationdet(ka) = k n det A.
Properties of determinants Theorem. If A is n n, then for any k, det(ka) = k n det A. Multiplying one row of A by k multiplies the determinant by k. But ka has every row multiplied by k, so the determinant
More informationDeterminant of a Matrix
13 March 2018 Goals We will define determinant of SQUARE matrices, inductively, using the definition of Minors and cofactors. We will see that determinant of triangular matrices is the product of its diagonal
More informationSAMPLE OF THE STUDY MATERIAL PART OF CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Linear Algebra
1.1. Introduction SAMPLE OF THE STUDY MATERIAL PART OF CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Linear algebra is a specific branch of mathematics dealing with the study of vectors, vector spaces with functions that
More informationMatrix Arithmetic. j=1
An m n matrix is an array A = Matrix Arithmetic a 11 a 12 a 1n a 21 a 22 a 2n a m1 a m2 a mn of real numbers a ij An m n matrix has m rows and n columns a ij is the entry in the i-th row and j-th column
More informationLinear Algebra review Powers of a diagonalizable matrix Spectral decomposition
Linear Algebra review Powers of a diagonalizable matrix Spectral decomposition Prof. Tesler Math 283 Fall 2018 Also see the separate version of this with Matlab and R commands. Prof. Tesler Diagonalizing
More informationHomework Set #8 Solutions
Exercises.2 (p. 19) Homework Set #8 Solutions Assignment: Do #6, 8, 12, 14, 2, 24, 26, 29, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 40, 42 6. Reducing the matrix to echelon form: 1 5 2 1 R2 R2 R1 1 5 0 18 12 2 1 R R 2R1 1 5
More informationMatrices Gaussian elimination Determinants. Graphics 2009/2010, period 1. Lecture 4: matrices
Graphics 2009/2010, period 1 Lecture 4 Matrices m n matrices Matrices Definitions Diagonal, Identity, and zero matrices Addition Multiplication Transpose and inverse The system of m linear equations in
More informationSAMPLE OF THE STUDY MATERIAL PART OF CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Linear Algebra
SAMPLE OF THE STUDY MATERIAL PART OF CHAPTER 1 Introduction to 1.1. Introduction Linear algebra is a specific branch of mathematics dealing with the study of vectors, vector spaces with functions that
More information3.4 Elementary Matrices and Matrix Inverse
Math 220: Summer 2015 3.4 Elementary Matrices and Matrix Inverse A n n elementary matrix is a matrix which is obtained from the n n identity matrix I n n by a single elementary row operation. Elementary
More informationUNIT 1 DETERMINANTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OBJECTIVES. Structure
UNIT 1 DETERMINANTS Determinants Structure 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Determinants of Order 2 and 3 1.3 Determinants of Order 3 1.4 Properties of Determinants 1.5 Application of Determinants 1.6
More informationRelationships Between Planes
Relationships Between Planes Definition: consistent (system of equations) A system of equations is consistent if there exists one (or more than one) solution that satisfies the system. System 1: {, System
More informationThis MUST hold matrix multiplication satisfies the distributive property.
The columns of AB are combinations of the columns of A. The reason is that each column of AB equals A times the corresponding column of B. But that is a linear combination of the columns of A with coefficients
More information1.1 Introduction to Linear Systems and Row Reduction
.. INTRODUTION TO LINEAR SYSTEMS AND ROW REDUTION. Introduction to Linear Systems and Row Reduction MATH 9 FALL 98 PRELIM # 9FA8PQ.tex.. Solve the following systems of linear equations. If there is no
More informationMAC Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives (Cont.) Module 10 System of Equations and Inequalities II
MAC 1140 Module 10 System of Equations and Inequalities II Learning Objectives Upon completing this module, you should be able to 1. represent systems of linear equations with matrices. 2. transform a
More informationMatrix Operations: Determinant
Matrix Operations: Determinant Determinants Determinants are only applicable for square matrices. Determinant of the square matrix A is denoted as: det(a) or A Recall that the absolute value of the determinant
More informationFundamentals of Linear Algebra. Marcel B. Finan Arkansas Tech University c All Rights Reserved
Fundamentals of Linear Algebra Marcel B. Finan Arkansas Tech University c All Rights Reserved 2 PREFACE Linear algebra has evolved as a branch of mathematics with wide range of applications to the natural
More informationLecture 12: Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Gaussian Elimination
Lecture 12: Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Gaussian Elimination Winfried Just, Ohio University September 22, 2017 Review: The coefficient matrix Consider a system of m linear equations in n variables.
More information7.6 The Inverse of a Square Matrix
7.6 The Inverse of a Square Matrix Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What You Should Learn Verify that two matrices are inverses of each other. Use Gauss-Jordan elimination to find inverses
More information1 Determinants. 1.1 Determinant
1 Determinants [SB], Chapter 9, p.188-196. [SB], Chapter 26, p.719-739. Bellow w ll study the central question: which additional conditions must satisfy a quadratic matrix A to be invertible, that is to
More informationELEMENTARY LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS. 1. Linear Equations and Matrices
ELEMENTARY LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS KOLMAN & HILL NOTES BY OTTO MUTZBAUER 11 Systems of Linear Equations 1 Linear Equations and Matrices Numbers in our context are either real numbers or complex
More informationLecture 7: Vectors and Matrices II Introduction to Matrices (See Sections, 3.3, 3.6, 3.7 and 3.9 in Boas)
Lecture 7: Vectors and Matrices II Introduction to Matrices (See Sections 3.3 3.6 3.7 and 3.9 in Boas) Here we will continue our discussion of vectors and their transformations. In Lecture 6 we gained
More information3.4 Exercises. 136 Chapter 3 Determinants. 0.2x 1 0.3x x 1 4x A 26. x 1 x 2 x x 3. 21x x 1. 4x x 3 30.
Chapter Determinants. Exercises See www.calcchat.com for worked-out solutions to odd-numbered exercises. Finding the Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix In Exercises 8, find the adjoint of the matrix A. Then
More informationIntroduction to Matrices
214 Analysis and Design of Feedback Control Systems Introduction to Matrices Derek Rowell October 2002 Modern system dynamics is based upon a matrix representation of the dynamic equations governing the
More informationMATH 1140(M12A) Semester I. Ax =0 (1) x 4. x 2. x 3. By using Gaussian Elimination, we obtain the solution
MATH 4(M2A) Semester I Homogeneous Systems These are systems of linear equations of the form Ax = () whereais the coefficient matrix and x is the vector of unknowns. Example x 2x 2 4x 3 3x 4 = 2x +x 2
More informationEquality: Two matrices A and B are equal, i.e., A = B if A and B have the same order and the entries of A and B are the same.
Introduction Matrix Operations Matrix: An m n matrix A is an m-by-n array of scalars from a field (for example real numbers) of the form a a a n a a a n A a m a m a mn The order (or size) of A is m n (read
More informationA Brief Outline of Math 355
A Brief Outline of Math 355 Lecture 1 The geometry of linear equations; elimination with matrices A system of m linear equations with n unknowns can be thought of geometrically as m hyperplanes intersecting
More informationLinear Algebra Primer
Linear Algebra Primer D.S. Stutts November 8, 995 Introduction This primer was written to provide a brief overview of the main concepts and methods in elementary linear algebra. It was not intended to
More informationLinear Algebra Primer
Introduction Linear Algebra Primer Daniel S. Stutts, Ph.D. Original Edition: 2/99 Current Edition: 4//4 This primer was written to provide a brief overview of the main concepts and methods in elementary
More information