Tom BLASINGAME Texas A&M U. Slide 1

Transcription

1 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Slde 1

2 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Slde 2

3 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012) Slde 3

4 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Reservor Engneerng Asects "Accountng" Concet of Materal Balance: Requre all nflows/outflows/generatons. (Average) reservor ressure rofle s REQUIRED. Requre rock, flud, and rock-flud roertes (at some scale). Ol Materal Balance: Less common than gas materal balance (ressure requred). Gas Materal Balance: Volumetrc dry gas reservor (/z versus G (straght-lne)). Abnormally-ressured gas reservors (varous technques). Waterdrve/water nflux cases (always roblematc) (.e., we don't know the nflux, so we use a model). Materal Balance yelds RESERVOIR VOLUME! (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Slde 4

5 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Concet Dagram General Concet of Materal Balance... a. Intal reservor condtons. b. Condtons after roducng N STB of ol, and G SCF of gas, and W STB of water. From: Petroleum Reservor Engneerng Amyx, Bass, and Whtng (1960). Materal Balance: Key Issues Must have accurate roducton measurements (ol, water, gas). Estmates of average reservor ressure (from ressure tests). Sutes of PVT data (ol, gas, water). Reservor roertes: saturatons, formaton comressblty, etc. (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Slde 5

6 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Average Reservor Pressure Average Reservor Pressure From: Engneerng Features of the Schuler Feld and Unt Oeraton Kaveler (SPE-AIME, 1944). Average Reservor Pressure: Key Issues Must "average" ressures over volume or area (aroxmaton). Pressure tests must be reresentatve ( avg extraolaton vald). Can average usng cumulatve roducton (surrogate for volume). (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Slde 6

7 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Examle Black Ol From: Alcaton of the Materal Balance to a Partal Waterdrve Reservor van Everdngen (SPE, 1953). Black Ol Materal Balance Case: (Examle) Note that all flud functons are gven: N, W, and GOR (for G ). Average reservor ressure s resumed correct. Authors cte "artal waterdrve" remans a contentous ssue. (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Slde 7

8 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Relatons Black Ol Ol Materal Balance Relatons: "Black Ol" Materal Balance: (> b ) 1 B o N Nct Bo "Soluton Gas Drve" (Ol) Materal Balance: (all ) N B o ( R R s ) B g W B w (Wthdrawal (RB)) N ( B o B o ) ( R s R s ) B g (Ol Exanson (RB)) mnb W B e o (1 m) NB w B B g g o 1 ( c S w w (1 S c w ) f ) ( ) (Gas Ca Exanson (RB)) (Water Ex./Pore Vol. Com. (RB)) (Water Influx (RB)) (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Slde 8

9 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets General Gas Materal Balance: "Dry Gas" Materal Balance: (no reservor lquds ) "Abnormal Pressure" Materal Balance: (c f =f()) e w nj g sw nj e W B W W B R W G G G z z c z ) ( ) )( ( 1 G G z z 1 1 G G c z z e 1 ) )( ( 1 1 ) ( ) (1 1 ) ( f w R AQ R NNP f w w w e c c V V V V c c S S c Gas Materal Balance Relatons: (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Materal Balance Relatons Dry Gas Slde 9

10 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Relatons Volumetrc Dry Gas "Dry Gas" Materal Balance: Normally Pressured Reservor Examle Volumetrc reservor no external energy (gas exanson only). /z versus G yelds unque straght-lne trend. Lnear extraolaton yeld gas-n-lace (G). (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Slde 10

11 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Relatons "Abnormal Pressure" Dry Gas "Dry Gas" Materal Balance: Abnormally Pressured Reservor Examle Volumetrc reservor no water nflux or leakage. /z versus G yelds unque quadratc trend (from aroxmated MBE). Quadratc extraolaton yeld gas-n-lace (G). (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Slde 11

12 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Materal Balance Relatons "Water Influx" Dry Gas a. Gas Materal Balance Plot: /z vs. G smulated erformance. Note effect of aqufer ermeablty on feld erformance. b. Gas Materal Balance Plot: /z vs. G smulated erformance. Note effect of dslacement effcency (E ). Gas Materal Balance: Water Drve Gas Reservor Pressure (hence /z) s mantaned durng roducton va communcaton wth an unsteadystate aqufer (ths study). Unsteady-State Performance of Water Drve Gas Reservors, Agarwal (Texas A&M Ph.D., 1967). (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (2012)) Slde 12

13 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Volumetrc Ol Reservors Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (1984) Slde 13

14 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets [Volumetrc Ol Reservors] (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (1984)) Slde 14

15 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets [Volumetrc Ol Reservors] (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (1984)) Slde 15

16 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets [Volumetrc Ol Reservors] (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (1984)) Slde 16

17 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets Gas Reservors Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (1984) Slde 17

18 Fundamental Flow Lecture 3 Materal Balance Concets [Gas Reservors] (Materal Balance Notes from Deartment of Petroleum Engneerng Course Notes (1984)) Slde 18