REFERENCES. 5. ANSI/ASME, Measurement uncertainty, PTC 19, Part I, , 1986.

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1 196 REFERENCES 1. Agarwal, S. K. and Raja Rao, M. Heat transfer augmentation for the flow of a viscous liquid in circular tubes using twisted tape inserts, Int. J. Heat Mass transfer, Vol. 39, No. 17, pp , Al-Fahed, S. and Chakroun, W. Effect of tube-tape clearance on heat transfer for fully developed turbulent flow in a horizontal isothermal tube, Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp , Al-Fahed, S., Chamra, L. M. and Chakroun, W. Pressure drop and heat transfer comparison for both microfin tube and twisted-tape inserts in laminar flow, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp , Algifri, A. H. and Bhardwaj, R. K. Prediction of the heat transfer for decaying turbulent swirl flow in a tube, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 28, No. 9, pp , ANSI/ASME, Measurement uncertainty, PTC 19, Part I, , Bharadwaj, P., Khondge, A. D. and Date, A. W. Heat transfer and pressure drop in a spirally grooved tube with twisted tape insert, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, No. 7-8, pp , Bilen, K., Cetin, M., Gul, H. and Balta, T. The investigation of groove geometry effect on heat transfer for internally grooved tubes, Appl. Thermal Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp , Brevi, R., Cumo, M., Palmieri, A. and Pitimada, D. Measurement of the effect of twisted tapes on the forced-convection heat transfer and burnout in heat exchangers, Nuclear Sci. and Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp , Cengel, Y. A. Heat and Mass Transfer, 5 th edition, McGraw-Hill, Chapter 8, Chakroun, W. M. and Al-Fahed, S. F The effect of twisted-tape width on heat transfer and pressure drop for fully developed laminar flow, J. Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 118, No. 3, pp , 1996.

2 Chang, S. W., Jan, Y. J. and Liou, J. S. Turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop in tube fitted with serrated twisted tape, Int. J. Thermal Sciences, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp , 2007a. 12. Chang, S. W., Lees, A. W. and Chang, H. T. Influence of spiky twisted tape insert on thermal fluid performances of tubular air-water bubbly flow, Int. J. Thermal Sciences, Vol. 48, No. 12, pp , Chang, S. W., Yang, T. L. and Liou, J. S. Heat transfer and pressure drop in tube with broken twisted tape insert, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp , 2007b. 14. Chiu, Y. W and Jang, J. Y. 3D numerical and experimental analysis for thermal-hydraulic characteristics of air flow inside a circular tube with different tube inserts, Appl. Thermal Engineering. Vol. 29, No. 2-3, pp , Colburn, A. P. and King, W. J. Heat transfer and pressure drop in empty, baffled and packed tubes, III: Relation between Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop, Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 23, pp , Date, A. W. Flow in tubes containing twisted tapes, Heat. and Vent. Engr, J. Environ. Sci., Vol. 47, pp , Date, A. W. Prediction of fully-developed flow in a tube containing a twisted-tape, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp , Dewan A., Mahanta P., Sumithra Raju, K. and Suresh Kumar, P. Review of passive heat transfer augmentation techniques, J. Power Energy, Vol. 218, No. 7, pp , Dittus, F. W. and Boelter, L. M. K. Heat transfer in automobile radiators of the tubular type, university of California at Berkeley, Publications in Engineering, Vol. 2, pp , Du plessis, J. P. Laminar flow and heat transfer in a smooth tube with a twisted-tape insert, Ph. D Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, Du Plessis, J. P. and Kroger, D. G. Friction factor prediction for fully developed laminar twisted- tape flow, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 27, No. 11, pp , 1984.

3 Eiamsa-ard, S., Pethkool, S., Thianpong, C. and Promvonge, P. Turbulent flow heat transfer and pressure loss in a double pipe heat exchanger with louvered strip inserts, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp , Eiamsa-ard, S. and Promvonge, P. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction characteristics in a circular tube fitted with V-nozzle turbulators, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp , Eiamsa-ard, S. and Promvonge, P. Heat transfer characteristics in a tube fitted with helical screw-tape with/without core-rod inserts, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp , Eiamsa-ard, S., Seemawute, P. and Wongcharee, K. Influences of peripherally-cut twisted tape insert on heat transfer and thermal performance characteristics in laminar and turbulent tube flows, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp , 2010b. 26. Eiamsa-ard, S., Thianpong, C., Eiamsa-ard, P. and Promvonge, P. Convective heat transfer in a circular tube with short-length twisted tape insert, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp , 2009a. 27. Eiamsa-ard, S., Thianpong, C. and Promvonge, P. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and flow friction in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted tape elements, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 10, pp , Eiamsa-ard, S., Wongcharee, K., Eiamsa-ard, P. and Thianpong, C. Heat transfer enhancement in a tube using delta-winglet twisted tape inserts, Appl. Thermal Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp , 2010a. 29. Eiamsa-ard, S., Wongcharee, K. and Sripattanapipat, S. 3-D Numerical simulation of swirling flow and convective heat transfer in a circular tube induced by means of loose-fit twisted tapes, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp , 2009b. 30. Erek, A., Özerdem, B., Bilir, L. and lken, Z. Effect of geometrical parameters on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of plate fin and tube heat exchangers, Appl. Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25, No , pp , 2005.

4 Gambill, W.R. and Bundy, R. D. High-flux heat transfer characteristics of pure ethylene glycol in axial and swirl flow, AIChE J., Vol. 9, No. 1, pp , Genis, G. J. and Rautenbach, W. L. High heat flux, forced convection heat transfer for tubes with twisted tape inserts, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 68, pp. 1-9, Gul, H. and Evin, D. Heat transfer enhancement in circular tubes using helical swirl generator insert at the entrance, Int. J. Thermal Sciences, Vol. 46, No. 12, pp , Gupte, N. S. and Date, A. W. Friction and heat transfer characteristics of helical turbulent air flow in annuli, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp , Hasim, F., Yoshida, M. and Miyashita, H. Compound heat transfer enhancement by a combination of a helically ribbed tube with twisted tape inserts, J. Chemical Engineering of Japan, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp , Hong, S. W. and Bergles A. E. Augmentation of laminar flow heat transfer in tubes by means of twisted-tape inserts, J. Heat Transfer, Trans. ASME, Vol. 98, No. 2, pp , Huang, F. V. and Tsou, F. K. Friction and heat transfer in turbulence free swirl flow in pipes, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 39, pp Jaisankar, S., Radhakrishnan, T. K. and Sheeba, K. N. Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of thermosyphon solar water heater system fitted with spacer at the trailing edge of twisted tapes, Appl. Thermal Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 5-6, pp , 2009a. 39. Jaisankar, S., Radhakrishnan, T. K., Sheeba, K. N. and Suresh, S. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of thermosyphon solar water heater system fitted with spacer at the trailing edge of left-right twisted tapes, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 50, No. 10, pp , 2009b. 40. Koch, R. Pressure loss and heat transfer for turbulent flow, VDI-Forschungsheft, Vol. 24, No. 469, Ser. B, pp , 1958.

5 Kreith, F. and Margolis, D. Heat transfer and friction in turbulent vortex flow, Appl. Scientific Research, Section A, Vol. 8, No.1, pp , Kreith, F. and Sonju, O. K. The decay of a turbulent swirl in a pipe, J. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp , Krishna, S. R., Pathipaka, G. and Sivashanmugam, P. Heat transfer and pressure drop studies in a circular tube fitted with straight full twist, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp , Kumar, A. and Prasad, B. N. Investigation of twisted tape inserted solar water heaters-heat transfer, friction factor and thermal performance results, Renewable Energy, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp , Liao, Q. and Xin, M. D. Augmentation of convective heat transfer inside tubes with three-dimensional internal extended surfaces and twisted-tape inserts, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 78, No. 2-3, pp , Lokanath, M. S. Performance evaluation of full length and half length twisted tape inserts on laminar flow heat transfer in tubes, Proceedings of 14 th National Heat and Mass Transfer Conference and Third ISHMT-ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, IIT Karakpur, India, pp , Paper No. HMT , Lokanath, M. S. and Misal, R. D. An experimental study on the performance of plate heat exchanger and an augmented shell and tube heat exchanger for different types of fluids for marine applications, In Proceedings of 5 th ISHMT-ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, India, pp (Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi), Lopina, R. F. and Bergles, A. E. Heat transfer and pressure drop in tape-generated swirl flow of single-phase water, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp , Manglik, R. M and Bergles, A. E. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for twisted-tape inserts in isothermal tubes, Part I: laminar flows, Trans. ASME J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 115, No. 4, pp , 1993a.

6 Manglik, R. M and Bergles, A. E. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for twisted-tape insert in isothermal tubes, Part II: Transition and turbulent flows, Trans. ASME J. Heat Transfer. Vol. 115, No. 4, pp , 1993b. 51. Naphon, P. Heat transfer and pressure drop in the horizontal double pipes with and without twisted tape insert, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp , Neshumayev, D., Ots, A., Laid, J. and Tiikma, T. Experimental investigation of various turbulator inserts in gas-heated channels, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 28, No. 8, pp , Patil, A. G. Laminar flow heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of power-law fluids inside tubes with varying width twisted tape inserts, ASME J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 122, No. 1, pp , Pethkool, S., Eiamsa-ard, S., Kwankaomeng, S. and Promvonge, P. Turbulent heat transfer enhancement in a heat exchanger using helically corrugated tube, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp , Pinjala, V. V. B. and Raja Rao, M. Heat transfer correlations for laminar non-newtonian flow in tubes with twisted-tape inserts, ASME, HTD, Vol. 174, pp , Promvonge, P. and Eiamsa-ard, S. Heat transfer behaviors in a tube with combined conical-ring and twisted-tape insert, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp , 2007a. 57. Promvonge, P. and Eiamsa-ard, S. Heat transfer in a circular tube fitted with free-spacing snail entry and conical-nozzle turbulators, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp , 2007b. 58. Rao, M. M. and Sastri, V. M. K. Experimental investigation for fluid flow and heat transfer in a rotating tube with twisted-tape inserts, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp , Ray, S. and Date, A.W. Laminar flow and heat transfer through square duct with twisted tape insert, Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp , 2001.

7 Royds, R. Heat transmission by radiation, conduction and convection, Constable and Camp. Ltd., London 1 st ed., pp , Saha, S. K. Thermohydraulics of laminar flow through rectangular and square ducts with axial corrugation roughness and twisted tapes with oblique teeth, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 132, No. 8, pp. 1-12, Saha, S. K. and Bhunia, K. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of varying-pitch twisted-tape-generated laminar smooth swirl flow, In Proceeding of 4 th ISHMT-ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, India, pp (Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi), Saha, S. K. and Chakraborty, D. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow through a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted tape elements with multiple twists, In Proceeding of 3 rd ISHMT-ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, India, pp (Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi), Saha, S. K. and Dutta, A. Thermo hydraulic study of laminar swirl flow through a circular tube fitted with twisted tapes, Trans. ASME J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp , Saha, S. K., Dutta, A. and Dhal, S. K. Friction and heat transfer characteristics of laminar swirl flow through a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 44, No. 22, pp , Saha, S. K., Gaitonde, U. N. and Date, A. W. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp , Saha, S. K., Gaitonde, U. N. and Date, A. W. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of turbulent flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp , Seemawute, P. and Eiamsa-ard, S. Thermohydraulics of turbulent flow through a round tube by a peripherally-cut twisted tape with an alternate axis, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp , 2010.

8 Seigel, L. G. The effect of turbulence promoters on heat transfer coefficients of water flowing in a horizontal tubes, Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp , Seymour, E. V. A note on the improvement in performance obtainable from fitting twisted-tape turbulence-promoters to tubular heat exchangers, J. IChE, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp , Sharma, K. V., Syam Sundar, L. and Sarma, P. K. Estimation of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor in the transition flow with low volume concentration of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid flowing in a circular tube and with twisted tape insert, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp , Shivkumar, C. and Raja Rao, M. Studies on compound augmentation of laminar flow heat transfer to generalized power law fluid in spirally corrugated tubes by means of twisted tape inserts, ASME, HTD, Vol. 96, pp , Sideman, S. and Levin, A. Effect of the configuration on heat transfer to gravity driven films evaporating on grooved tubes, Desalination, Vol. 31, No. 1-3, pp. 7-18, Sivashanmugam, P. and Nagarajan, P. K. Studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of laminar flow through a circular tube fitted with right and left helical screw-tape inserts, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp , Sivashanmugam, P. and Suresh, S. Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of laminar flow through a circular tube fitted with helical screw-tape inserts, Appl. Thermal Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 16, pp , Sivashanmugam, P. and Suresh, S. Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of laminar flow through a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced helical screw-tape inserts, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp , 2007a. 77. Sivashanmugam, P. and Suresh, S. Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of turbulent flow through a circular tube fitted with helical screw-tape inserts, Chem. Eng. Process, Vol. 46, No. 12, pp , 2007b.

9 Sivashanmugam, P. and Suresh, S. Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of turbulent flow through a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced helical screw-tape inserts, Appl. Thermal Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 8-9, pp , 2007c. 79. Smithberg, E. and Landis, F. Friction and forced convection heat transfer characteristics in tubes with twisted tape swirl generators, J. Heat Transfer, Trans. ASME, Vol. 86, No. 1, pp , Sukhatme, S. P., Gaitonde, U. N., Shidore, C. S. and Kuncolienkar, R. S. Forced convection heat transfer to a viscous liquid in laminar flow in a tube with a twisted tape, paper no. HMT 7-87, Section B, pp 1-7, Proc. 9 th National Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, IISc. Bangalore, India, Suresh Kumar, P., Mahanta, P. and Dewan, A. Study of laminar flow in a large diameter annulus with twisted tape inserts, In Proceeding of the 2 nd International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls, Zambia, paper No. KP3, Tam, L. M., and Ghajar, A. J. Transitional heat transfer in plain horizontal tubes, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp , Thianpong, C., Eiamsa-ard, P., WongCharee, K. and Eiamsa-ard, S. Compound heat transfer enhancement of a dimpled tube with a twisted tape swirl generator, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 36, No. 7, pp , Thorsen, R. and Landis, F. Friction and heat transfer characteristics in turbulent swirl flow subjected to large transverse temperature gradient, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 90, pp , Tijing, L. D., Pak, B. C., Baek, B. J. and Lee, D. H. A study on heat transfer enhancement using straight and twisted internal fin inserts, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp , Ujhidy, A., Nemeth, J. and Szepvolgyi, J. Fluid flow in tubes with helical elements, Chem. Engg. Processing, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 1-7, 2003.

10 Van Rooyen, R. S. and Kroeger, D. G. Laminar flow heat transfer in internally finned tubes with twisted-tape inserts, proc. 6 th Int. Heat Transfer Conf., Toronto, Vol. 2, pp , Hemisphere, Publishing Corp, Washington, D.C, Wang, L. and Sunden, B. Performance comparison of some tube inserts, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp , Webb, R. L. and Hyun Kim, N. Principles of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 2nd edition, Taylor Francis Group, 2005, Chapter Yakut, K., Sahin, B. and Canbazoglu, S. Performance and flow-induced vibration characteristics for conical-ring turbulators, Appl. Energy, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp , Yildiz C., Bicer, Y. and Pehlivan, D. Influence of fluid rotation on the heat transfer and pressure drop in double-pipe heat exchangers, Appl. Energy, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp , Zhang, Z., Ma, D., Fang, X. and Gao, X. Experimental and numerical heat transfer in a helically baffled heat exchanger combined with one three-dimensional finned tube", Chem. Engg. Process, Vol. 47, No. 9, pp , Zozulya, N. V. and Shkuratov, I. Y. Effect of length of twisted tape turbulence promoter and its initial twisting pitch on augmentation of heat transfer inside a tube, Heat Transfer Sov. Res., Vol. 6, pp , 1974.

Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a pipe heat exchanger by adding nano particle and twisted tape

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