Walsh Series and Transforms

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1 Walsh Series and Transforms Theory and Applications by B. Golubov Moscow Institute of Engineering, A. Efimov Moscow Institute of Engineering, and V. Skvortsov Moscow State University, W KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON?

2 Series Editor 's Preface Preface Foreword v xi xiii Chapter 1 WALSH FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GENERALIZATIONS 1.1 The Walsh functions on the interval [0,1) The Walsh System on the group Other definitions of the Walsh System. Its connection with the Haar System Walsh series. The Dirichlet kernel Multiplicative Systems and their continual analogues 21 Chapter 2 WALSH-FOURIER SERIES BASIC PROPERTIES 2.1 Elementary properties of Walsh-Fourier series. Formulae for partial sums The Lebesgue constants Moduli of continuity of functions and uniform convergence of Walsh-Fourier series Other tests for uniform convergence The localization principle. Tests for convergence of a Walsh-Fourier series at a point The Walsh System as a complete, closed System Estimates of Walsh-Fourier coefficients. Absolute convergence of Walsh-Fourier series Fourier series in multiplicative Systems 66 Chapter 3 GENERAL WALSH SERIES AND FOURIER-STIELTJES SERIES QUESTIONS ON UNIQUENESS OF REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS BY WALSH SERIES 3.1 General Walsh series as a generalized Stieltjes series Uniqueness theorems for representation of functions by pointwise convergent Walsh series A localization theorem for general Walsh series Examples of null series in the Walsh System. The concept of (7-sets and M-sets 89?

3 i viii Chapter 4 SUMMATION OF WALSH SERIES BY THE METHOD OF ARITHMETIC MEANS 4.1 Linear methods of summation. Regularity of the arithmetic means The kernel for the method of arithmetic means for Walsh- Fourier series Uniform (C, 1) summability of Walsh-Fourier series of continuous functions (C, 1) summability of Fourier-Stieltjes series 103 Chapter 5 OPERATORS IN THE THEORY OF WALSH-FOURIER SERIES 5.1 Some Information from the theory of Operators on Spaces of measurable functions The Hardy-Littlewood maximal Operator corresponding to sequences of dyadic nets Partial sums of Walsh-Fourier series as Operators Convergence of Walsh-Fourier series in L p [0,1) 124 Chapter 6 GENERALIZED MULTIPLICATIVE TRANSFORMS 6.1 Existence and properties of generalized multiplicative transforms Representation of functions in L 1 (0, oo) by their multiplicative transforms Representation of functions in L p (0,oo), 1 < p < 2, by their multiplicative transforms.147 Chapter 7 WALSH SERIES WITH MONOTONE DECREASING COEFFICIENTS 7.1 Convergence and integrability Series with quasiconvex coeflicients Fourier series of functions in L p 166 Chapter 8 LACUNARY SUBSYSTEMS OF THE WALSH SYSTEM 8.1 The Rademacher System Other lacunary Subsystems The Central Limit Theorem for lacunary Walsh series 185

4 V- ix Chapter 9 DIVERGENT WALSH-FOURIER SERIES ALMOST EVERYWHERE CONVERGENCE OF WALSH-FOURIER SERIES OF L 2 FUNCTIONS 9.1 Everywhere divergent Walsh-Fourier series Almost everywhere convergence of Walsh-Fourier series of L 2 [0,1) functions 198 Chapter 10 APPROXIMATIONS BY WALSH AND HAAR POLYNOMIALS 10.1 Approximation in uniform norm Approximation in the L p norm Connections between best approximations and integrability conditions Connections between best approximations and integrability conditions (continued) Best approximations by means of multiplicative and step functions 255 Chapter 11 APPLICATIONS OF MULTIPLICATIVE SERIES AND TRANSFORMS TO DIGITAL INFORMATION PROCESSING 11.1 Discrete multiplicative transforms Computation of the discrete multiplicative transform Applications of discrete multiplicative transforms to information compression Peculiarities of processing two-dimensional numerical problems with discrete multiplicative transforms A description of classes of discrete transforms which allow fast algorithms 298 Chapter 12 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF MULTIPLICATIVE FUNCTIONS AND TRANSFORMS 12.1 Construction of digital Alters based on multiplicative transforms Multiplicative holographic transformations for image processing Solutions to certain optimization problems 323

5 V APPENDICES Appendix 1 Abelian groups 341 Appendix 2 Metrie Spaces. Metrie groups 342 Appendix 3 Measure Spaces 343 Appendix 4 Measurable functions. The Lebesgue integral 345 Appendix 5 Normed linear spaces. Hubert Spaces 350 Commentary 354 References 359 Index 365

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