T-Test QUESTION T-TEST GROUPS = sex(1 2) /MISSING = ANALYSIS /VARIABLES = quiz1 quiz2 quiz3 quiz4 quiz5 final total /CRITERIA = CI(.95).

Transcription

1 QUESTION 11.1 GROUPS = sex(1 2) /MISSING = ANALYSIS /VARIABLES = quiz2 quiz3 quiz4 quiz5 final total /CRITERIA = CI(.95). Group Statistics quiz2 quiz3 quiz4 quiz5 final total sex N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Page 1

2 Levene's Test for Equality of Variances quiz2 quiz3 quiz4 quiz5 final total Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances F Sig Page 2

3 t-test for Equality of Means quiz2 quiz3 quiz4 quiz5 final total Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Page 3

4 quiz2 quiz3 quiz4 quiz5 final total Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances Equal variances t-test for Equality of Means Std. Error Difference Lower Upper In order to explore gender differences in scores on quiz 1, and independent groups t-test was conducted. Results indicated that women (M = 7.72; SD = 2.31) and men (M = 7.07; SD = 2.72) did not differ in the scores to quiz 1, t(103) = 1.31, p =.20; d =.26. Despite these results, the size of the effect exceeded Cohen's (1988) convention for a small effect size. QUESTION 11.2 PAIRS = WITH quiz2 quiz3 quiz4 quiz5 (PAIRED) /CRITERIA = CI(.95) /MISSING = ANALYSIS. Page 4

5 Paired Samples Statistics Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 quiz2 quiz3 quiz4 quiz5 Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Paired Samples Correlations Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 & quiz2 & quiz3 & quiz4 & quiz5 N Correlation Sig Paired Samples Test Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 - quiz2 - quiz3 - quiz4 - quiz5 Paired Differences Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Lower Upper t Paired Samples Test Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 - quiz2 - quiz3 - quiz4 - quiz5 df Sig. (2-tailed) In order to test the hypothesis that stutudents scores changed from to quiz 2, a paired-samples t-test was conducted. Results indicated that scores increased significantly from (M = 7.47; SD = 2.48) to quiz2 (M = 7.98; SD = 1.62), t(104) = , p =.005. Page 5

6 QUESTION 11.3 /TESTVAL = 2.89 /MISSING = ANALYSIS /VARIABLES = gpa /CRITERIA = CI(.95). One-Sample Statistics gpa N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean One-Sample Test gpa Test Value = 2.89 t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper In order to test the hypothesis that the mean GPA of the class (M = 2.78; SD = 0.76) differed significantly from the mean GPA (M = 2.89)of the university, a one-sample t-test was conducted. Results indicated that the class GPA did not differ significantly from the GPA of the university, t(104) = -1.49, p =.14. QUESTION 11.8 GROUPS = group(1 2) /MISSING = ANALYSIS /VARIABLES = performance /CRITERIA = CI(.95). Group Statistics Performance score Group Assignment Control Training N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Page 6

7 Levene's Test for Equality of Variances Performance score Equal variances F Sig Page 7

8 t-test for Equality of Means Performance score Equal variances t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Page 8

9 Performance score Equal variances t-test for Equality of Means Std. Error Difference Lower Upper These results mean that there was no difference in the scores for the training group as compared to the control group. These results likely reflect the differening skews of the two distributions, small sample size, and a consequent lack of normality within the data. QUESTION 11.9 PAIRS = TIME1 WITH TIME2 (PAIRED) /CRITERIA = CI(.95) /MISSING = ANALYSIS. Paired Samples Statistics TIME 1 TIME 2 Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Paired Samples Correlations TIME 1 & TIME 2 N Correlation Sig Paired Samples Test TIME 1 - TIME 2 Paired Differences Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Lower Upper t Page 9

10 Paired Samples Test TIME 1 - TIME 2 df Sig. (2-tailed) These results indicate that individuals at time 2 performed better than individuals at time 1. These results demonstrate how repeated measures designs reduce the amount of error variance within the test, given that the same data was found to be statistically non-significant in question QUESTION /TESTVAL = 3 /MISSING = ANALYSIS /VARIABLES = TIME2 /CRITERIA = CI(.95). One-Sample Statistics TIME 2 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean One-Sample Test TIME 2 Test Value = 3 t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper These results indicate that the time 2 data do not differ significantly from the population mean. Page 10