2017 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to LIGO Black Hole Researchers

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "2017 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to LIGO Black Hole Researchers"

Teresa Pitts
5 years ago
Views:

1 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to LIGO Black Hole Researchers

October 3, 2017 Lecture 3 of 3 @ ORICL Philosophical Society How much of Dark Matter in the Earth?

2 October 3, 2017 Lecture 3 of ORICL Philosophical Society How much of Dark Matter in the Earth? Yuri Kamyshkov/ University of Tennessee kamyshkov@utk.edu All lectures are posted at

3 Summary of Lectures 1 and 2 Existence of DM is unquestionable. Nature of it is unknown. All known manifestations are due to gravity forces. We are discussing Mirror Matter (MM) as a possible model for DM. MM interact with MM is the same way as OM interact with OM (self-interacting). Besides gravity and self-interactions MM can interact with OM by a new force.

4 g Oscillations of neutral particles might be a portals between OM and MM via neutral particles: photons, neutrinos, neutrons, «g' oscillations of virtual photons n «n oscillations to "sterile" neutrinos n «n neutron to mirror neutron oscillations e Kinetic photon mixing Holdom particle e 10 g g The strength of these new BSM interactions is unknown p p 4

5 Summary of Lectures 1 and 2 Such MM-OM interaction will lead to accumulation of MM inside the Earth (Sun). MM is thermalized within Earth interior and forms the atmosphere around the Earth. Mirror atmosphere consists of mirror Hydrogen and mirror He with the pressure 1/1000 atm on the Earth surface

6 Summary of Lectures 1 and 2 Due to thermalization and self interaction MM gas atmosphere of Earth shines weakly as a black body with mirror photons. That means that if there are mirror planet and stars exist in the universe they will accumulate the OM in a similar way and will shine weakly with the ordinary photons. Due to thermalization and self interaction MM gas will be in ionized state. Dragging MM ionized gas with Earth rotation will cause mirror currents in Earth and, as a result, will create mirror magnetic field B. This mirror magnetic field can be the ordinary magnetic field B. Amount of MM in the Earth can be ~ 0.1% my mass or less.

7 One of possible interactions between MM and OM is transformation of How this transformation occurs?

8 It is important that energy levels of two oscillating components should be close

9 n n n n in vacuum is mixed with + e n e n n n Complementarity of Yin and Yang time Period of free oscillations is determined by value of Two-level system in Quantum Mechanics

10 Neutron mirror neutron oscillation in magnetic field Energy in vacuum no B, no B B ¹ 0 B ¹ 0 n mixed with n n + e n D E = mb D E = mb D E = m B B ¹ 0 Time Uncertainty principle: DE Dt 10

11 31 Aug

12 Neutron Disappearance and Regeneration + +

13 Neutron Disappearance

14 Neutron Regeneration

15 SNS Beamport 14 A BL13 BL14B BL14A not used 15

16 Beam 14 A channel inside SNS hall 16

17 Beamline 14 A outside the hall 17

18 2 Oct

Another disturbing indication is coming from Two Methods of Neutron

025 ev Neutron disappearance detected 4 x 10-5 T magnetic field ~700 s

19 Another disturbing indication is coming from Two Methods of Neutron Lifetime Measurement Beam Measurement Bottle Measurement Proton appearance detected 4.6 T magnetic field 10 ms storage Cold neutrons, ~0.025 ev Neutron disappearance detected 4 x 10-5 T magnetic field ~700 s storage Ultracold neutrons, ~ 62.3 nev A. T. Yue et al, Phys.Rev.Lett. 111 (2013) no.22, A. P. Serebrov et al., Phys. Rev. C 78, (2008). 19

20 History of Neutron Lifetime Measurements History of n lifetime measurements, PDG,

21 Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) 9.2 s ~ 3 σ or <1% probability of statistical fluctuation Dewey, et. al., (NIST), ± 1.2 ± 3.2 s A.T. Yue, et. al., (UTK), ± 1.2 ± 1.9 s Serebrov, et. al., ± 0.7 ± 0.3 s PDG Weighted Average V. Ezhov, et al., 878.3±1.9 s Not published This effect can be explained as oscillation in UCN trap (suppressed in the beam experiment due to high mag. field) followed by mirror neutrons interaction with mirror gas in the vessel. 21

Scientific American, April 2016, pp. 36 41 Greene, Geoffrey L.; Geltenbort, Peter A few theorists have taken this notion seriously.

mirror neutron that no longer interacts with normal matter and would thus seem to disappear. Such mirror matter could contribute to the total amount of dark matter in the universe.

22 Scientific American, April 2016, pp Greene, Geoffrey L.; Geltenbort, Peter A few theorists have taken this notion seriously. Zurab Berezhiani of the University of L Aquila in Italy and his colleagues have suggested such a secondary process: a free neutron, they propose, might sometimes transform into a hypothesized mirror neutron that no longer interacts with normal matter and would thus seem to disappear. Such mirror matter could contribute to the total amount of dark matter in the universe. Although this idea is quite stimulating, it remains highly speculative. More definitive confirmation of the divergence between the bottle and beam methods of measuring the neutron lifetime is necessary before most physicists would accept a concept as radical as mirror matter 22

23 Y.N. Pokotilovski et al., Talk at International Workshop: Probing Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions with UCN 1-15 April 2016 JGU Mainz, Germany 23

24 How this happens? 24

25 Jonathan Feng 25

26 [ ~ amu ] H He J. Feng and S. Ritz, Snowmass Cosmic Frontier, (2 Nov. 2013), < 26

27 Why low DM masses are difficult to detect? CDMS-Si 7 kev 4m M T (max) = T recoil m M nuc DM 0 2 ( + ) nuc DM DAMA-Na 2keV v 250 km/s Target Materials 27

28 MM effect possibly might be seen in Disappearance-Regeneration Experiment being planned for HFIR Neutron lifetime experiments of disappearance and appearance types will establish difference between their measurements with larger confidence. New detectors will be designed and used in the future to detect H and He Dark Matter

29 29

30 30

Louis Varriano University of Tennessee, Knoxville P599 PPAC Seminar April 16, 2014

Louis Varriano University of Tennessee, Knoxville P599 PPAC Seminar April 16, 2014 Adviser: Dr. Yuri Kamyshkov and Dr. Zurab Berezhiani, L Aquila University Dark matter is prevalent in the universe. It