Radioactive Decay BSEN-625 ADVANCES IN FOOD ENGINEERING
|
|
- Meredith Berry
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Radioacive Decay BSE-65 DVCES I FOOD EGIEERIG
2 civiy The rae of decay of a radionuclide I is he number of aoms ha decay per uni ime Unis Bacquarel (Bq): one desinegaion/second Bq s - Curie-(Ci): aciviy of g of Ra 6 Ci: Ci 3.7x0 0 Bq
3 Exponenial decay The aciviy of a pure radionuclide decreases exponenially wih ime /o
4 Exponenial radioacive decay law If # of aoms of a radionuclide in a a given ime: I. C.: o, 0; d d d d d d ln + c ln o 0 + c ln ln or o o + ln e o
5 Half-life, T Time required for he aciviy of a radionuclide drop by a facor of onehalf e o T e T ln ln ln T Decay consan
6 Exponenial decay in erm of T o o ln o o T / T e 0.63 / T ln T /o T o e 0.63 T T 3T
7 Example Calculae he aciviy of a 30-MBq source of a-4 afer.5 d. Wha is is decay consan Soluion T half-life 5 h (appendix D) h T 5 o 30MBq,.5d 4h / d 30e ( ).88MBq 60h
8 Mean life, τ The average of all he individual lifeimes ha aoms in a sample of he radionuclide experience The mean value of under he exponenial curve /o τ e
9 Mean life, τ I defines a recangle wih area equal o: τ τ > T e d e T τ 0 0 /o e τ
10 Specific civiy, S civiy per uni mass Bq/g For a pure radionuclide he S is deermined by is decay consan,, or half-life T, and by is aomic weigh M: S M MT 3 [ Bq / g] # of aoms per gram of nuclide In [s]
11 Example Wha is he S of Ra 6 in Bq/g T 600y( appendix M S MT S s ( ) g Bq / g
12 S (T,) S Ci 600 T [ Ci Bq / g] T is expressed in years
13 Serial radioaciviy decay sample in which one radionuclide produces one or more radioacive offspring in a chain Secular equilibrium Transien equilibrium o equilibrium
14 Secular equilibrium (T >>T ) any ime a Long-Lived paren () decays ino a Shor-Lived daugher (), which decays o a sable nuclide T >>T of he paren is consan (assuming shor inervals of ime compared o T ) any ime T +
15 Secular equilibrium (T >>T ) d u du d du u d d d d ; consan e e c C I c ) ( ln ) ln( ) ln( + +
16 Secular equilibrium civiy relaively shorlived radionuclide as funcion of ime I.C: 0 0 civiy of daugher builds up o ha of paren in abou 7 half-lives Daugher decays a he same rae i is produced () Secular equilibrium is said o exis Toal aciviy is () civiies secular equilibrium T>>T 0 ~7T
17 Secular equilibrium In erms of numbers of aoms chain of n shor-lived radionuclides can all be in secular equilibrium wih a long-lived paren The aciviy of each member of he chain aciviy of paren Toal aciviy (n+)( of original paren)
18 General Case If here is no resricion on he relaive magniudes of T and T: equilibrium)!!!(alsodescribesa secular 0 ) ( and e e C I d d >>
19 Transien equilibrium (T >T ) 0 0 T >T of he daugher iniially build-up seadily Wih ime, e - becomes negligible, since >
20 Transien equilibrium (T >T ) ) ( ) ( 0 ) ( >> e e e e
21 civiies as funcion of ime fer iniially increasing, he daugher aciviy goes hru a maximum and decreases a he same rae as he paren aciviy Thus, ransien equilibrium exis The oal aciviy also reaches a maximum, early han he daugher The ime ransien equilibrium is reached depends on T & T aciviies Transien equilibrium T > T
22 o Equilibrium (T < T ) When a daugher ( 0 0) has a longer T han he paren T is aciviy build ups a maximum and hen declines The paren evenually decays away (T is shorer) Thus, only he daugher is lef o equilibrium occurs
23 o Equilibrium (T < T ) civiies as funcion of ime when T > T and 0 0 on equilibrium occurs 0 aciviies T > T + Only he daugher aciviy remains 0
24 Example Saring wih a 0 GBq (0 0 Bq) sample of pure Sr 90 a ime 0, how long will i ake for he oal aciviy (Sr 90 + Y 90 ) o build up 7.5 GBq?
25 Soluion ppendix D 38 Sr 90 β - decays wih a T 9. y ino 39 Y 90, which β - decays ino sable 40 Zr 90 wih T 64 h T >> T Secular equilibrium is reached in abou 7T 7x64 448h he end of his ime, he Sr 90 aciviy has no diminished appreciably The Y 90 aciviy has increased o he level 0 GBq Toal aciviy T 0 GBq
26 Soluion Time a which Y 90 reaches 7.5 GBq The answer will be less han 448 h 0 ( e / T 7.5 0( e ) ) 0 e 0.008h ; 0GBq, 7.5GBq 8h
27 Example How many gram of Y 90 are in secular equilibrium wih mg of Sr 90?
28 Soluion The amoun of Y 90 will be ha having he same aciviy as mg of Sr 90 The S of Sr 90 of (T 9.y) is: S 38Ci / g g 38Ci / g 0.38Ci S m (secular equilibrium) 600y d y 64h 90 4 h 365 d 0.38Ci 0.5µ g Ci / g 5 Ci / g
29 Example sample conains mci of Os 9 a ime 0. The isoope decays by β- emission ino measable Ir 9m which hen decay by γ emission ino Ir m γ 9 77 Os Ir β 5.4d 4.94s Ir
30 Example (a) how many grams of Os 9 are presen a 0? (b) how many mci of Ir 9m are presen a 5 d? (c) how many aoms of Ir 9m decay beween 00s and 0s? (c) how many aoms of Ir 9m decay beween 30d and 40d?
31 Soluion Secular equilibrium is reached a 7X s Thus, a he equilibrium However, during he ime considered a (b) and (d) will have decayed appreciably (ransien equilibrium)
32 Soluion (a) Grams of Os S Ci 8 m.3 0 g Ci / g (b) 5d 4 Ci / g /5.4 e 0. 35mCi
33 Soluion (c) Beween 00s and 0 s secular equilibrium exiss wih he osmium source essenially sill a is original 00s mci during he nex s #aoms s s s
34 Soluion (d) Beween 30 and 40s and do no say consan Transien equilibrium exiss, so he # of aoms of Paren and Daugher ha decay are equal e / ( ) e
Nuclear Decay kinetics : Transient and Secular Equilibrium. What can we say about the plot to the right?
uclear Decay kineics : Transien and Secular Equilibrium Wha can we say abou he plo o he righ? IV. Paren-Daugher Relaionships Key poin: The Rae-Deermining Sep. Case of Radioacive Daugher (Paren) 1/2 ()
More informationRadioactive Decay. or N = N 0 e -λt. or A = A 0 e -λt 1
Radioacive Decay Aciviy: Unis: he number of aoms ha decay per uni ime: (disineraions per second). Becquerel (Bq) = 1 dps Curie (Ci) [old uni] = 3.7 x 10 10 Bq exacly (oriinally defined as he aciviy of
More informationRANDOM PROCESS: Identical to Unimolecular Decomposition. ΔE a
7 Lecure 13: Radioacive Decay Kineics I. Kineics of Firs-Order Processes. Mechanism: 1. ucleus has Inernal Srucure Z X Z Decay involves inernal + Y + Q ; Q =+ rearrangemen of sysem. RDOM PROCESS: Idenical
More informationQuiz (15 Points) Identify the daughter and the decay mode for the following isotopes 3-2. Parent isotope Decay mode Daughter Isotope.
Quiz. (5 Poins) Provide a roue for he producion of 38 Pu? 5 poin bonus: Wha is he use of his isoope? Give an example of where i has been used.. (5 Poins) Below is a mass parabola from he able of he isoopes
More information4.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Funcions Modeling Change: A Preparaion for Calculus, 4h Ediion, 2011, Connally 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS Growing a a Consan Percen Rae Example 2 During he 2000 s, he populaion
More informationSolutions to Assignment 1
MA 2326 Differenial Equaions Insrucor: Peronela Radu Friday, February 8, 203 Soluions o Assignmen. Find he general soluions of he following ODEs: (a) 2 x = an x Soluion: I is a separable equaion as we
More informationSuggested Problem Solutions Associated with Homework #5
Suggesed Problem Soluions Associaed wih Homework #5 431 (a) 8 Si has proons and neurons (b) 85 3 Rb has 3 proons and 48 neurons (c) 5 Tl 81 has 81 proons and neurons 43 IDENTIFY and SET UP: The ex calculaes
More informationMath 333 Problem Set #2 Solution 14 February 2003
Mah 333 Problem Se #2 Soluion 14 February 2003 A1. Solve he iniial value problem dy dx = x2 + e 3x ; 2y 4 y(0) = 1. Soluion: This is separable; we wrie 2y 4 dy = x 2 + e x dx and inegrae o ge The iniial
More informationNotes 8B Day 1 Doubling Time
Noes 8B Day 1 Doubling ime Exponenial growh leads o repeaed doublings (see Graph in Noes 8A) and exponenial decay leads o repeaed halvings. In his uni we ll be convering beween growh (or decay) raes and
More informationSolutionbank Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Page of 4 Soluionbank Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mahemaics Exercise A, Quesion Quesion: Skech he graphs of (a) y = e x + (b) y = 4e x (c) y = e x 3 (d) y = 4 e x (e) y = 6 + 0e x (f) y = 00e x + 0
More informationLaplace transfom: t-translation rule , Haynes Miller and Jeremy Orloff
Laplace ransfom: -ranslaion rule 8.03, Haynes Miller and Jeremy Orloff Inroducory example Consider he sysem ẋ + 3x = f(, where f is he inpu and x he response. We know is uni impulse response is 0 for
More information4.1 - Logarithms and Their Properties
Chaper 4 Logarihmic Funcions 4.1 - Logarihms and Their Properies Wha is a Logarihm? We define he common logarihm funcion, simply he log funcion, wrien log 10 x log x, as follows: If x is a posiive number,
More informationMath 2214 Solution Test 1A Spring 2016
Mah 14 Soluion Tes 1A Spring 016 sec Problem 1: Wha is he larges -inerval for which ( 4) = has a guaraneed + unique soluion for iniial value (-1) = 3 according o he Exisence Uniqueness Theorem? Soluion
More information5.1 - Logarithms and Their Properties
Chaper 5 Logarihmic Funcions 5.1 - Logarihms and Their Properies Suppose ha a populaion grows according o he formula P 10, where P is he colony size a ime, in hours. When will he populaion be 2500? We
More informationModule 2 F c i k c s la l w a s o s f dif di fusi s o i n
Module Fick s laws of diffusion Fick s laws of diffusion and hin film soluion Adolf Fick (1855) proposed: d J α d d d J (mole/m s) flu (m /s) diffusion coefficien and (mole/m 3 ) concenraion of ions, aoms
More informationMA Study Guide #1
MA 66 Su Guide #1 (1) Special Tpes of Firs Order Equaions I. Firs Order Linear Equaion (FOL): + p() = g() Soluion : = 1 µ() [ ] µ()g() + C, where µ() = e p() II. Separable Equaion (SEP): dx = h(x) g()
More informationAPPM 2360 Homework Solutions, Due June 10
2.2.2: Find general soluions for he equaion APPM 2360 Homework Soluions, Due June 10 Soluion: Finding he inegraing facor, dy + 2y = 3e µ) = e 2) = e 2 Muliplying he differenial equaion by he inegraing
More informationKINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION
KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION PREVIEW Kinemaics is he sudy of how hings move how far (disance and displacemen), how fas (speed and velociy), and how fas ha how fas changes (acceleraion). We say ha an objec
More informationF.LE.A.4: Exponential Growth
Regens Exam Quesions F.LE.A.4: Exponenial Growh www.jmap.org Name: F.LE.A.4: Exponenial Growh 1 A populaion of rabbis doubles every days according o he formula P = 10(2), where P is he populaion of rabbis
More informationSome Basic Information about M-S-D Systems
Some Basic Informaion abou M-S-D Sysems 1 Inroducion We wan o give some summary of he facs concerning unforced (homogeneous) and forced (non-homogeneous) models for linear oscillaors governed by second-order,
More information20. Applications of the Genetic-Drift Model
0. Applicaions of he Geneic-Drif Model 1) Deermining he probabiliy of forming any paricular combinaion of genoypes in he nex generaion: Example: If he parenal allele frequencies are p 0 = 0.35 and q 0
More informationChapter 17 Physics of Nuclear Medicine. (Radioisotopes in Medicine)
(Radioisoopes in Medicine) Naural radioaciviy (Table 17.1) Becquerel (1905 Novel Prize) Curie: radium Alpha ray Nuclei of helium aoms A few cenimeers in air Posiively charges Fixed energy Bea ray or negaron
More informationDirect Current Circuits. February 19, 2014 Physics for Scientists & Engineers 2, Chapter 26 1
Direc Curren Circuis February 19, 2014 Physics for Scieniss & Engineers 2, Chaper 26 1 Ammeers and Volmeers! A device used o measure curren is called an ammeer! A device used o measure poenial difference
More informationINDEX. Transient analysis 1 Initial Conditions 1
INDEX Secion Page Transien analysis 1 Iniial Condiions 1 Please inform me of your opinion of he relaive emphasis of he review maerial by simply making commens on his page and sending i o me a: Frank Mera
More informationIB Physics Kinematics Worksheet
IB Physics Kinemaics Workshee Wrie full soluions and noes for muliple choice answers. Do no use a calculaor for muliple choice answers. 1. Which of he following is a correc definiion of average acceleraion?
More informationUNIT #4 TEST REVIEW EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
Name: Par I Quesions UNIT #4 TEST REVIEW EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS Dae: 1. The epression 1 is equivalen o 1 () () 6. The eponenial funcion y 16 could e rewrien as y () y 4 () y y. The epression
More informationNice Try. Some Properties of Nuclei. Charge and mass Introduction: Development of Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Binding, Radioactivity
SPHUI Physics Modern undersanding: he ``onion picure Nuclear Binding, Radioaciviy Nucleus Proons om and neurons Le s see wha s inside! Nice Try Inroducion: Developmen of Nuclear Physics 1896 he birh of
More informationMA 366 Review - Test # 1
MA 366 Review - Tes # 1 Fall 5 () Resuls from Calculus: differeniaion formulas, implici differeniaion, Chain Rule; inegraion formulas, inegraion b pars, parial fracions, oher inegraion echniques. (1) Order
More informationNote: For all questions, answer (E) NOTA means none of the above answers is correct.
Thea Logarihms & Eponens 0 ΜΑΘ Naional Convenion Noe: For all quesions, answer means none of he above answers is correc.. The elemen C 4 has a half life of 70 ears. There is grams of C 4 in a paricular
More informationStructure of atom nucleus
Philosophers / scieniss Timeline Srucure of aom nucleus risoeles Dalon J.J.Thompson Bohr Schrödinger Pauli Biophysics lecures Ocober József Orbán Biophysics Deparmen hp://biofizika.aok.pe.hu/en/ Pierre,
More informationThe average rate of change between two points on a function is d t
SM Dae: Secion: Objecive: The average rae of change beween wo poins on a funcion is d. For example, if he funcion ( ) represens he disance in miles ha a car has raveled afer hours, hen finding he slope
More informationChallenge Problems. DIS 203 and 210. March 6, (e 2) k. k(k + 2). k=1. f(x) = k(k + 2) = 1 x k
Challenge Problems DIS 03 and 0 March 6, 05 Choose one of he following problems, and work on i in your group. Your goal is o convince me ha your answer is correc. Even if your answer isn compleely correc,
More information8.022 (E&M) Lecture 16
8. (E&M) ecure 16 Topics: Inducors in circuis circuis circuis circuis as ime Our second lecure on elecromagneic inducance 3 ways of creaing emf using Faraday s law: hange area of circui S() hange angle
More information8. Basic RL and RC Circuits
8. Basic L and C Circuis This chaper deals wih he soluions of he responses of L and C circuis The analysis of C and L circuis leads o a linear differenial equaion This chaper covers he following opics
More informationEE100 Lab 3 Experiment Guide: RC Circuits
I. Inroducion EE100 Lab 3 Experimen Guide: A. apaciors A capacior is a passive elecronic componen ha sores energy in he form of an elecrosaic field. The uni of capaciance is he farad (coulomb/vol). Pracical
More informationPrecalculus An Investigation of Functions
Precalculus An Invesigaion of Funcions David Lippman Melonie Rasmussen Ediion.3 This book is also available o read free online a hp://www.openexbooksore.com/precalc/ If you wan a prined copy, buying from
More information2. For a one-point fixed time method, a pseudo-first order reaction obeys the equation 0.309
Chaper 3. To derive an appropriae equaion we firs noe he following general relaionship beween he concenraion of A a ime, [A], he iniial concenraion of A, [A], and he concenraion of P a ime, [P] [ P] Subsiuing
More informationMath 36. Rumbos Spring Solutions to Assignment #6. 1. Suppose the growth of a population is governed by the differential equation.
Mah 36. Rumbos Spring 1 1 Soluions o Assignmen #6 1. Suppose he growh of a populaion is governed by he differenial equaion where k is a posiive consan. d d = k (a Explain why his model predics ha he populaion
More informationKEY. Math 334 Midterm I Fall 2008 sections 001 and 003 Instructor: Scott Glasgow
1 KEY Mah 4 Miderm I Fall 8 secions 1 and Insrucor: Sco Glasgow Please do NOT wrie on his eam. No credi will be given for such work. Raher wrie in a blue book, or on our own paper, preferabl engineering
More informationMath 2214 Solution Test 1B Fall 2017
Mah 14 Soluion Tes 1B Fall 017 Problem 1: A ank has a capaci for 500 gallons and conains 0 gallons of waer wih lbs of sal iniiall. A soluion conaining of 8 lbsgal of sal is pumped ino he ank a 10 galsmin.
More information1 Nuclear particles and nuclear radiation may cause ionisation as they pass through matter.
1 uclear paricles and nuclear radiaion may cause ionisaion as hey pass hrough maer. Which of he following is he mos ionising? A α paricles B β paricles C γ rays D neurons 2 An unsable nucleus recoils as
More informationCHAPTER 12 DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 12 DIRECT CURRENT CIUITS DIRECT CURRENT CIUITS 257 12.1 RESISTORS IN SERIES AND IN PARALLEL When wo resisors are conneced ogeher as shown in Figure 12.1 we said ha hey are conneced in series. As
More information4.5 Constant Acceleration
4.5 Consan Acceleraion v() v() = v 0 + a a() a a() = a v 0 Area = a (a) (b) Figure 4.8 Consan acceleraion: (a) velociy, (b) acceleraion When he x -componen of he velociy is a linear funcion (Figure 4.8(a)),
More informationUnits. Chapter 1 Basic Concepts. Units. Example 1. Atoms. Example 2. Radiation Dosimetry I
Unis Chaper Basic Conceps Radiaion Dosimery I Tex: H.E Johns and J.R. Cunningham, The physics of radiology, 4 h ed. Special uni of energy: elecron vol ev ev=.60x0-9 C x vol=.60x0-9 J Unis Absorbed dose:
More information6.003 Homework 1. Problems. Due at the beginning of recitation on Wednesday, February 10, 2010.
6.003 Homework Due a he beginning of reciaion on Wednesday, February 0, 200. Problems. Independen and Dependen Variables Assume ha he heigh of a waer wave is given by g(x v) where x is disance, v is velociy,
More informationChapter 7 Response of First-order RL and RC Circuits
Chaper 7 Response of Firs-order RL and RC Circuis 7.- The Naural Response of RL and RC Circuis 7.3 The Sep Response of RL and RC Circuis 7.4 A General Soluion for Sep and Naural Responses 7.5 Sequenial
More informationEE650R: Reliability Physics of Nanoelectronic Devices Lecture 9:
EE65R: Reliabiliy Physics of anoelecronic Devices Lecure 9: Feaures of Time-Dependen BTI Degradaion Dae: Sep. 9, 6 Classnoe Lufe Siddique Review Animesh Daa 9. Background/Review: BTI is observed when he
More informationChapter 15: Phenomena. Chapter 15 Chemical Kinetics. Reaction Rates. Reaction Rates R P. Reaction Rates. Rate Laws
Chaper 5: Phenomena Phenomena: The reacion (aq) + B(aq) C(aq) was sudied a wo differen emperaures (98 K and 35 K). For each emperaure he reacion was sared by puing differen concenraions of he 3 species
More informationVoltage/current relationship Stored Energy. RL / RC circuits Steady State / Transient response Natural / Step response
Review Capaciors/Inducors Volage/curren relaionship Sored Energy s Order Circuis RL / RC circuis Seady Sae / Transien response Naural / Sep response EE4 Summer 5: Lecure 5 Insrucor: Ocavian Florescu Lecure
More informationMath 334 Test 1 KEY Spring 2010 Section: 001. Instructor: Scott Glasgow Dates: May 10 and 11.
1 Mah 334 Tes 1 KEY Spring 21 Secion: 1 Insrucor: Sco Glasgow Daes: Ma 1 and 11. Do NOT wrie on his problem saemen bookle, excep for our indicaion of following he honor code jus below. No credi will be
More informationA First Course on Kinetics and Reaction Engineering. Class 19 on Unit 18
A Firs ourse on Kineics and Reacion Engineering lass 19 on Uni 18 Par I - hemical Reacions Par II - hemical Reacion Kineics Where We re Going Par III - hemical Reacion Engineering A. Ideal Reacors B. Perfecly
More informationReading from Young & Freedman: For this topic, read sections 25.4 & 25.5, the introduction to chapter 26 and sections 26.1 to 26.2 & 26.4.
PHY1 Elecriciy Topic 7 (Lecures 1 & 11) Elecric Circuis n his opic, we will cover: 1) Elecromoive Force (EMF) ) Series and parallel resisor combinaions 3) Kirchhoff s rules for circuis 4) Time dependence
More information3.1.3 INTRODUCTION TO DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION: DISCRETE TIME PROBLEMS. A. The Hamiltonian and First-Order Conditions in a Finite Time Horizon
3..3 INRODUCION O DYNAMIC OPIMIZAION: DISCREE IME PROBLEMS A. he Hamilonian and Firs-Order Condiions in a Finie ime Horizon Define a new funcion, he Hamilonian funcion, H. H he change in he oal value of
More informationGround Rules. PC1221 Fundamentals of Physics I. Kinematics. Position. Lectures 3 and 4 Motion in One Dimension. A/Prof Tay Seng Chuan
Ground Rules PC11 Fundamenals of Physics I Lecures 3 and 4 Moion in One Dimension A/Prof Tay Seng Chuan 1 Swich off your handphone and pager Swich off your lapop compuer and keep i No alking while lecure
More informationMath 2214 Solution Test 1 B Spring 2016
Mah 14 Soluion Te 1 B Spring 016 Problem 1: Ue eparaion of ariable o ole he Iniial alue DE Soluion (14p) e =, (0) = 0 d = e e d e d = o = ln e d uing u-du b leing u = e 1 e = + where C = for he iniial
More informationMATH ANALYSIS HONORS UNIT 6 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS TOTAL NAME DATE PERIOD DATE TOPIC ASSIGNMENT /19 10/22 10/23 10/24 10/25 10/26 10/29 10/30
NAME DATE PERIOD MATH ANALYSIS HONORS UNIT 6 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS DATE TOPIC ASSIGNMENT 10 0 10/19 10/ 10/ 10/4 10/5 10/6 10/9 10/0 10/1 11/1 11/ TOTAL Mah Analysis Honors Workshee 1 Eponenial Funcions
More informationLecture 2-1 Kinematics in One Dimension Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Everything in the world is moving. Nothing stays still.
Lecure - Kinemaics in One Dimension Displacemen, Velociy and Acceleraion Everyhing in he world is moving. Nohing says sill. Moion occurs a all scales of he universe, saring from he moion of elecrons in
More information5.2. The Natural Logarithm. Solution
5.2 The Naural Logarihm The number e is an irraional number, similar in naure o π. Is non-erminaing, non-repeaing value is e 2.718 281 828 59. Like π, e also occurs frequenly in naural phenomena. In fac,
More informationVehicle Arrival Models : Headway
Chaper 12 Vehicle Arrival Models : Headway 12.1 Inroducion Modelling arrival of vehicle a secion of road is an imporan sep in raffic flow modelling. I has imporan applicaion in raffic flow simulaion where
More informationEXERCISES FOR SECTION 1.5
1.5 Exisence and Uniqueness of Soluions 43 20. 1 v c 21. 1 v c 1 2 4 6 8 10 1 2 2 4 6 8 10 Graph of approximae soluion obained using Euler s mehod wih = 0.1. Graph of approximae soluion obained using Euler
More information15. Vector Valued Functions
1. Vecor Valued Funcions Up o his poin, we have presened vecors wih consan componens, for example, 1, and,,4. However, we can allow he componens of a vecor o be funcions of a common variable. For example,
More information) were both constant and we brought them from under the integral.
YIELD-PER-RECRUIT (coninued The yield-per-recrui model applies o a cohor, bu we saw in he Age Disribuions lecure ha he properies of a cohor do no apply in general o a collecion of cohors, which is wha
More informationChapter 8 The Complete Response of RL and RC Circuits
Chaper 8 The Complee Response of RL and RC Circuis Seoul Naional Universiy Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Wha is Firs Order Circuis? Circuis ha conain only one inducor or only one capacior
More informationLogistic growth rate. Fencing a pen. Notes. Notes. Notes. Optimization: finding the biggest/smallest/highest/lowest, etc.
Opimizaion: finding he bigges/smalles/highes/lowes, ec. Los of non-sandard problems! Logisic growh rae 7.1 Simple biological opimizaion problems Small populaions AND large populaions grow slowly N: densiy
More informationDAY 28. Summary of Primary Topics Covered. Damage to Living Things
DY 28 Summary of Primary Topics Covered Damage o Living Things The,, paricles emied in radioacive decay carry energy and ac like lile bulles ha can do damage o he cells of living hings. Because hey are
More informationMath 111 Midterm I, Lecture A, version 1 -- Solutions January 30 th, 2007
NAME: Suden ID #: QUIZ SECTION: Mah 111 Miderm I, Lecure A, version 1 -- Soluions January 30 h, 2007 Problem 1 4 Problem 2 6 Problem 3 20 Problem 4 20 Toal: 50 You are allowed o use a calculaor, a ruler,
More information1 1 + x 2 dx. tan 1 (2) = ] ] x 3. Solution: Recall that the given integral is improper because. x 3. 1 x 3. dx = lim dx.
. Use Simpson s rule wih n 4 o esimae an () +. Soluion: Since we are using 4 seps, 4 Thus we have [ ( ) f() + 4f + f() + 4f 3 [ + 4 4 6 5 + + 4 4 3 + ] 5 [ + 6 6 5 + + 6 3 + ]. 5. Our funcion is f() +.
More information04. Kinetics of a second order reaction
4. Kineics of a second order reacion Imporan conceps Reacion rae, reacion exen, reacion rae equaion, order of a reacion, firs-order reacions, second-order reacions, differenial and inegraed rae laws, Arrhenius
More informationR.#W.#Erickson# Department#of#Electrical,#Computer,#and#Energy#Engineering# University#of#Colorado,#Boulder#
.#W.#Erickson# Deparmen#of#Elecrical,#Compuer,#and#Energy#Engineering# Universiy#of#Colorado,#Boulder# Chaper 2 Principles of Seady-Sae Converer Analysis 2.1. Inroducion 2.2. Inducor vol-second balance,
More informationReview - Quiz # 1. 1 g(y) dy = f(x) dx. y x. = u, so that y = xu and dy. dx (Sometimes you may want to use the substitution x y
Review - Quiz # 1 (1) Solving Special Tpes of Firs Order Equaions I. Separable Equaions (SE). d = f() g() Mehod of Soluion : 1 g() d = f() (The soluions ma be given implicil b he above formula. Remember,
More informationu(x) = e x 2 y + 2 ) Integrate and solve for x (1 + x)y + y = cos x Answer: Divide both sides by 1 + x and solve for y. y = x y + cos x
. 1 Mah 211 Homework #3 February 2, 2001 2.4.3. y + (2/x)y = (cos x)/x 2 Answer: Compare y + (2/x) y = (cos x)/x 2 wih y = a(x)x + f(x)and noe ha a(x) = 2/x. Consequenly, an inegraing facor is found wih
More informationAnswer Key, Problem Set 10
Chemisry 22 Mines, Spring 28 Answer Key, Problem Se. NT. Wrie an equaion describing he radioacive decay of each of he following nuclides. (The paricle produced is shown in parenheses, excep for elecron
More informationEECE251. Circuit Analysis I. Set 4: Capacitors, Inductors, and First-Order Linear Circuits
EEE25 ircui Analysis I Se 4: apaciors, Inducors, and Firs-Order inear ircuis Shahriar Mirabbasi Deparmen of Elecrical and ompuer Engineering Universiy of Briish olumbia shahriar@ece.ubc.ca Overview Passive
More informationReliability of Technical Systems
eliabiliy of Technical Sysems Main Topics Inroducion, Key erms, framing he problem eliabiliy parameers: Failure ae, Failure Probabiliy, Availabiliy, ec. Some imporan reliabiliy disribuions Componen reliabiliy
More informationPhysics 20 Lesson 5 Graphical Analysis Acceleration
Physics 2 Lesson 5 Graphical Analysis Acceleraion I. Insananeous Velociy From our previous work wih consan speed and consan velociy, we know ha he slope of a posiion-ime graph is equal o he velociy of
More informationACCUMULATION. Section 7.5 Calculus AP/Dual, Revised /26/2018 7:27 PM 7.5A: Accumulation 1
ACCUMULATION Secion 7.5 Calculus AP/Dual, Revised 2019 vie.dang@humbleisd.ne 12/26/2018 7:27 PM 7.5A: Accumulaion 1 APPLICATION PROBLEMS A. Undersand he quesion. I is ofen no necessary o as much compuaion
More informationToday in Physics 218: radiation reaction
Today in Physics 18: radiaion reacion Radiaion reacion The Abraham-Lorenz formula; radiaion reacion force The pah of he elecron in oday s firs example (radial decay grealy exaggeraed) 6 March 004 Physics
More informationAge (x) nx lx. Age (x) nx lx dx qx
Life Tables Dynamic (horizonal) cohor= cohor followed hrough ime unil all members have died Saic (verical or curren) = one census period (day, season, ec.); only equivalen o dynamic if populaion does no
More informationSection 3.5 Nonhomogeneous Equations; Method of Undetermined Coefficients
Secion 3.5 Nonhomogeneous Equaions; Mehod of Undeermined Coefficiens Key Terms/Ideas: Linear Differenial operaor Nonlinear operaor Second order homogeneous DE Second order nonhomogeneous DE Soluion o homogeneous
More informationdt = C exp (3 ln t 4 ). t 4 W = C exp ( ln(4 t) 3) = C(4 t) 3.
Mah Rahman Exam Review Soluions () Consider he IVP: ( 4)y 3y + 4y = ; y(3) = 0, y (3) =. (a) Please deermine he longes inerval for which he IVP is guaraneed o have a unique soluion. Soluion: The disconinuiies
More informationEffects of Coordinate Curvature on Integration
Effecs of Coordinae Curvaure on Inegraion Chrisopher A. Lafore clafore@gmail.com Absrac In his paper, he inegraion of a funcion over a curved manifold is examined in he case where he curvaure of he manifold
More informationMath 10B: Mock Mid II. April 13, 2016
Name: Soluions Mah 10B: Mock Mid II April 13, 016 1. ( poins) Sae, wih jusificaion, wheher he following saemens are rue or false. (a) If a 3 3 marix A saisfies A 3 A = 0, hen i canno be inverible. True.
More informationISOTOPE PRODUCTION RATES IN THE LEAD TARGET OF THE ENERGY PLUS TRANSMUTATION -SETUP IN THE REACTION D+Pb AT 2,52 GEV
ISOTOPE PRODUCTION RATES IN THE LEAD TARGET OF THE ENERGY PLUS TRANSMUTATION -SETUP IN THE REACTION D+Pb AT,5 GEV O Yordanov, J Adam, S Bazev, K Kaovsky, L Kosov, V D Kovalenko, M I Krivopusov, M Maerle,
More information3.6 Derivatives as Rates of Change
3.6 Derivaives as Raes of Change Problem 1 John is walking along a sraigh pah. His posiion a he ime >0 is given by s = f(). He sars a =0from his house (f(0) = 0) and he graph of f is given below. (a) Describe
More informationSeminar 4: Hotelling 2
Seminar 4: Hoelling 2 November 3, 211 1 Exercise Par 1 Iso-elasic demand A non renewable resource of a known sock S can be exraced a zero cos. Demand for he resource is of he form: D(p ) = p ε ε > A a
More informationCHEAPEST PMT ONLINE TEST SERIES AIIMS/NEET TOPPER PREPARE QUESTIONS
CHEAPEST PMT ONLINE TEST SERIES AIIMS/NEET TOPPER PREPARE QUESTIONS For more deails see las page or conac @aimaiims.in Physics Mock Tes Paper AIIMS/NEET 07 Physics 06 Saurday Augus 0 Uni es : Moion in
More informationCHAPTER 6: FIRST-ORDER CIRCUITS
EEE5: CI CUI T THEOY CHAPTE 6: FIST-ODE CICUITS 6. Inroducion This chaper considers L and C circuis. Applying he Kirshoff s law o C and L circuis produces differenial equaions. The differenial equaions
More information3 at MAC 1140 TEST 3 NOTES. 5.1 and 5.2. Exponential Functions. Form I: P is the y-intercept. (0, P) When a > 1: a = growth factor = 1 + growth rate
1 5.1 and 5. Eponenial Funcions Form I: Y Pa, a 1, a > 0 P is he y-inercep. (0, P) When a > 1: a = growh facor = 1 + growh rae The equaion can be wrien as The larger a is, he seeper he graph is. Y P( 1
More informationIntroduction to Probability and Statistics Slides 4 Chapter 4
Inroducion o Probabiliy and Saisics Slides 4 Chaper 4 Ammar M. Sarhan, asarhan@mahsa.dal.ca Deparmen of Mahemaics and Saisics, Dalhousie Universiy Fall Semeser 8 Dr. Ammar Sarhan Chaper 4 Coninuous Random
More informationChapter 10 INDUCTANCE Recommended Problems:
Chaper 0 NDUCTANCE Recommended Problems: 3,5,7,9,5,6,7,8,9,,,3,6,7,9,3,35,47,48,5,5,69, 7,7. Self nducance Consider he circui shown in he Figure. When he swich is closed, he curren, and so he magneic field,
More informationMath 2142 Exam 1 Review Problems. x 2 + f (0) 3! for the 3rd Taylor polynomial at x = 0. To calculate the various quantities:
Mah 4 Eam Review Problems Problem. Calculae he 3rd Taylor polynomial for arcsin a =. Soluion. Le f() = arcsin. For his problem, we use he formula f() + f () + f ()! + f () 3! for he 3rd Taylor polynomial
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Spike-count autocorrelations in time.
Supplemenary Figure 1 Spike-coun auocorrelaions in ime. Normalized auocorrelaion marices are shown for each area in a daase. The marix shows he mean correlaion of he spike coun in each ime bin wih he spike
More informationLecture 13 RC/RL Circuits, Time Dependent Op Amp Circuits
Lecure 13 RC/RL Circuis, Time Dependen Op Amp Circuis RL Circuis The seps involved in solving simple circuis conaining dc sources, resisances, and one energy-sorage elemen (inducance or capaciance) are:
More informationExplaining Total Factor Productivity. Ulrich Kohli University of Geneva December 2015
Explaining Toal Facor Produciviy Ulrich Kohli Universiy of Geneva December 2015 Needed: A Theory of Toal Facor Produciviy Edward C. Presco (1998) 2 1. Inroducion Toal Facor Produciviy (TFP) has become
More informationSolution: b All the terms must have the dimension of acceleration. We see that, indeed, each term has the units of acceleration
PHYS 54 Tes Pracice Soluions Spring 8 Q: [4] Knowing ha in he ne epression a is acceleraion, v is speed, is posiion and is ime, from a dimensional v poin of view, he equaion a is a) incorrec b) correc
More informationPhys1112: DC and RC circuits
Name: Group Members: Dae: TA s Name: Phys1112: DC and RC circuis Objecives: 1. To undersand curren and volage characerisics of a DC RC discharging circui. 2. To undersand he effec of he RC ime consan.
More information2. What is the displacement of the bug between t = 0.00 s and t = 20.0 s? A) cm B) 39.9 cm C) cm D) 16.1 cm E) +16.
1. For which one of he following siuaions will he pah lengh equal he magniude of he displacemen? A) A jogger is running around a circular pah. B) A ball is rolling down an inclined plane. C) A rain ravels
More informationChapter 2. Motion in One-Dimension I
Chaper 2. Moion in One-Dimension I Level : AP Physics Insrucor : Kim 1. Average Rae of Change and Insananeous Velociy To find he average velociy(v ) of a paricle, we need o find he paricle s displacemen
More informationNEWTON S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
Course and Secion Dae Names NEWTON S SECOND LAW OF MOTION The acceleraion of an objec is defined as he rae of change of elociy. If he elociy changes by an amoun in a ime, hen he aerage acceleraion during
More information