EDM measurements with storage rings

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1 EDM measurements with storage rings Gerco Onderwater VSI, University of Groningen the Netherlands Solvay Workshop 'Beyond the Standard model with Neutrinos and Nuclear Physics' 2017

2 Outline Motivation EDM landscape Current & future limits Impact on & of experiments Summary & outlook

3 Motivation

CP/T Violation Direct measurements K, B, D Cosmology (WMAP)

from K- and B-physics Thermal non-equilibrium d Precision Searches

4 CP/T Violation Direct measurements K, B, D Cosmology (WMAP) Cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry explainable with e.g. Sakharov conditions Baryon number violation C & CP violation δckm from K- and B-physics Thermal non-equilibrium d Precision Searches Correlations in β-decay Electric dipole moments T J d P J d J SM predicts EMDs beyond experimental reach EDMs are sensitive probe for new physics

5 EDM limits muon First non-zero EDM is a major discovery!!!

6 From theory to observable... and back SM Picture from K. Jungmann

7 Current EDM limits Limit [e cm] 90%CL System n 2.9x10-26 UCN 199Hg 6.3x10-30 vapor p 2.0x10-25 n 1.2x10-26 e 6.0x10-28 TlF 5.5x10-23 Assuming all others zero molecular beam p 1.2x10-22 e 6.7x Xe 5.5x10-27 maser (adj. χ²=1.35) 205Tl 9.4x10-25 atomic beam e 1.6x10-27 YbF e??? molecular beam 1.1x10-27 μ 1.8x10-19 rest frame E-field D ~10-15 Deuterium 1S-2S

8 Why probe (light) nuclei? Nuclear EDMs from constituents and CPV NN-interaction d nucl =d n d p d NN n, p, 2H,3H, 3He,, 129Xe,..., 199Hg,...

9 CPV one boson exchange Liu, Timmermans, et al. EDM operator long range one-pion exchange dominates EDM in terms of P-odd/T-odd NN interaction: I =0 I =1 I =2 d nucl = g NN [ a 0 g CP a 1 g CP a 2 g CP ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ~14 nuclear structure Schiff moment in terms of P-odd/T-odd NN interaction: S nucl = g NN [ a 0 g I =0 CP a 1 g I =1 CP a 2 g I =2 CP ] d atom = S S nucl e d e k T C T k S C S atomic structure diamagnetic

10 Complementarity atoms nuclei Coefficients for light nuclei & heavy atoms gπnna0 gπnna1 gπnna2 n p D He Xe(*) 6x10-5 6x x Hg(*) -21x x x Ra(*) a, b p d He Xe Hg Ra n p d He Xe Hg 116 Liu & Timmermans 2004 Stetcu et al Ban et al Ginges & Flambaum 2004 Dzuba et al Dzuba et al (*) Use Schiff moments : d(129xe) = +0.38x10-17 (S/e fm3) e cm d(199hg) = -2.6x10-17 (S/e fm3) e cm d(225ra) = -8.8x10-17 (S/e fm3) e cm pairwise ~orthogonal!

11 Looking (a little) deeper _ d/θ [e zm] QCD CPV : _ g θ g1 = g2 = 0 quark-chromo-edms: ~ ~ ~ ~ g0 4(du+dd)g1 20(du-dd) g2 = 0 ~ d/dd [e fm] ~ d/du [e fm] n p D He Xe(*) -1.0x x Hg(*) -3.0x x Ra(*) n 3780 p D He Xe(*) Hg(*) Ra(*) Neutron ~orthogonal to ~everything Reason : a1 = 0 Others : a0 ~ a1 See refs. prev. page

12 Limit on g0,1,2 Obtain g0,1,2 limits from best EDM limits: n, 129Xe & 199Hg Assuming no further constraints, g's are of the order of (and of course strongly correlated) Resulting EDMs limits for p, D, 3He of the order of e cm This is dominated by the poor Xe limit Enormous window to have impact already with precursor experiments; p, D & 3He all good!

13 Just measure any one! Rob Timmermans

14 Generic EDM experiment 1. Prepare spin polarized ensemble 2. Interaction with electric field 3. Measure spin evolution Example: d = e cm E = 100 kv/cm J =½ Ω = 150 μhz (ΔB ~ 5pT) Ω d J J = B d E dt

15 Sensitivity General expression for the uncertainty of an EDM experiment N: number of particles in full experiment 1 d P E NT A Work on: P: initial polarization of sample A: analyzing power of polarimeter E: electric field strength in particle rest frame T: characteristic time of single measurement Strong source High polarization Efficient polarimeter High electric field strength Spin coherence, efficient storage Equally important: understand systematic effects

16 Charged particles in an electric field Bare nuclei Charged particle accelerate and escape due to electric field 2mL T~ ~ns qe Atomic nuclei Charged constituent of a neutral system rearrange themselves to balance forces 7 d 2H ~10 d D Established techniques inadequate for charged particles Solution: store relativistic particles in magnetic field EDM interacts with motional electric field

17 Fast charged particles in a magnetic field d p = q v B dt d S ] = d [ v B dt cm can be very large (GV/m) E = v B

18 Spins in an electromagnetic field [ e 1 a E v B = ab v E 2 m 2 1 ω= a +(ηβ) / 4 B (2) ω ^ ^ B=ηβ/ 2a (1) 2 2 Ez Ecos(Ωt) ω η =ηδ β B / 4 (2) ω ^ η B^ =1 (1) electrostatic E=0, B=By frozens spin resonance parasitic magnetic moment anomaly EDM ] B=0, Er, 1/(γ²-1)=a ω η =η E / 2 (2) ω ^ η= E^ (1) Er abcβγ² ω=ηβ B / 2 ^ (2) ω ^ B=1 (1)

19 Spins in an electromagnetic field [ e 1 a E v B = ab v E 2 m 2 1 frozens spin resonance parasitic electrostatic magnetic moment anomaly EDM ] Sz 00 0, 0 0 0, x1 Sy Sx ω η In all cases : EDM in Sy, MDM in Sx,z

20 Frozen spin sensitivity E v B a 1 = = 2 E a particle μ/μn a ξγ² μ n p D 3H 3He Additional requirements Polarizability Polarimetry Lifetime Intensity Competitive

21 Experiments In Preparation

Parasitic : muon g-2 @ FNAL FNAL E969: The New (g-2) Experiment: Measure the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.

22 Parasitic : muon FNAL FNAL E969: The New (g-2) Experiment: Measure the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.14 ppm Precision Design: p = 3.1GeV/c B = 1.45T, R = 7m Estimated EDM Sensitivity around e cm two orders below current limit

23 Ultra-cold J-PARC K. Ishida, NuFact'17

Beams 19, 040101 (2016) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

24 Recent achievements & activities Spiral Injection Scheme for ηinjection 80% (vs. 3.5%) NIMA 832, 51 (2016) High-Acceptance Muon Re-Acceleration Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, (2016) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser (2017) Muonium 20% of 106/s Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 091C01 (2014) Progress in many essential areas

25 Status K. Ishida, NuFact'17 Goal: e cm

26 JEDI : Jülich EDM Investigations Cooler-Synchrotron FZJ Polarized Protons & GeV/c

Recent achievements & activities w/ Deuterons Spin feedback: sync polarization @ field w/ 12 PRL 119, 014801 (2017) Spin tune mapping field imperfections Phys. Rev. ST Accel.

27 Recent achievements & activities w/ Deuterons Spin feedback: sync field w/ 12 PRL 119, (2017) Spin tune mapping field imperfections Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 20, (2017) Spin Coherence Time: T2>1000s (~108 turns) PRL 117, (2016) Spin Tune: νs = ± in 100s PRL 115, (2015) High-precision polarimetry NIMA 664 (2012) J. Pretz, CERN, Physics Beyond Colliders, Nov. 2017

28 Future (P. Lenisa, STORI2017) 2018?

29 SREDM : Storage Ring EDM Collaboration All-Electric Storage Ring Optimized for protons p=0.7gev/c, 8MV/m, ρ=50m, ℓ=500m 1000s storage time Aim e cm Deal w/ systematic errors Stray B-field shielding (10 100nT) Simultaneous CW & CCW beams Different helicities Develop & test simulation tools Misalignments Understand gravity, Coriolis, Sagnac Develop detection techniques Squid magnetometers High-precision BPMs 107s) Rev. Sc. Inst. 87, (2016) ArXiv: The Electric Dipole Moment Challenge, Richard Talman, IOPScience (2017)

30 Summary & Outlook

31 Summary & Outlook Strong Motivation for Light Ion EDM Search Protons, deuterons, complementary to heavy nuclei Muons only second generation particle Storage Rings open new EDM territory Loads of experience Intense Effort to Overcome Experimental Challenges Intense Effort to Study Systematic Errors Future FNAL muon g-2/edm KEK muon g-2/edm JEDI deuteron EDM sredm proton EDM : commissioning : applying for funding : preparing proof-of-principle : pioneering all-e concept

Electric Dipole Moments of Charged Particles

1 / 18 Electric Dipole Moments of Charged Particles Activities at COSY/Forschungszentrum Jülich - Plans for a new Storage Ring at CERN J. Pretz RWTH Aachen & FZ Jülich CERN, Physics Beyond Colliders, November