Voltage Current and Resistance
|
|
- Myrtle Hudson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ELEN 236 oltage, Current and Resistance oltage Current and Resistance Basics (ll bout Circuits: DC-Ch1) (Q s 1-22) Look at EpropsF Water nalogy (remember to press and hold Low, Medium, or High to get pumps to work) o Water nalogy Slide 12 has the controllable water pump o Electron Pump slide 2 has the controllable electron pump o Water Pump analogous to electron pump (voltage source) o Water Pressure is analogous to oltage o Potential energy of water analogous to potential difference in circuit o water flow is analogous to electron flow o There is resistance to both water flow and electron flow and it varies depending on properties of pipe e.g. how much energy is imparted on to each electron by a battery if the battery voltage is 9 volts (analogous to how much energy is imparted to each gram of water by a pump pumping water 9 meters up ) oltage o Units: olts () = J/C = how much energy to separate one coulomb of charge o Symbol for equations: o nalogous to potential energy of water. The higher water is pumped, the more energy it has and the more push it will have to flow through a pipe. The more voltage (potential difference) it has, the more push there will be to move electrons through a circuit. Current o Units: mperes (mps) = C/s = how many units of charge flowing past a point in one second. o Symbol for equations: I o nalogous to water flow. More water through a pipe per second, means more flow. More couloumbs of charge through a circuit per second means more current. o e.g. n electron has 1.6x10-19 Coulombs of charge on it. If a wire is carrying 1 of current, how many electrons are flowing per second to create this current. 1
2 Ω COM Ω COM Ω COM Ω COM ELEN236 Resistance o Units: Ohms (Ω) o Symbol for equations: R o nalogous to resistance to water flow in pipe. Use PhET CCK (C) and show how to do measurements on and I: Measurements: o oltage is Potential Difference so it is always the measurement between two points. o e.g.: oltage source is 6olts: B switch open C D o oltage is always measured between two points o e.g. Danger high voltage. Two points. wire (spark) Safe bird Dead bird wire Safe bird wire High voltage source (C) Dead bird wire Current measurement: o measured at one point. Like a coulomb counter. 2
3 o Requires circuit to be broken to perform measurement. Meter must become part of the path o e.g.: How would you connect this ammeter to measure current in this circuit? Light bulb Battery + - OFF COM Ohm s Law (Q s 22-33) (ll bout Circuits: DC-Ch2) (Q s 22-33) Use CCK and for several values of, measure I Plot I as a function of on a graph What is the relationship between and I? (linear) o Slope of line is inverse of resistance 1/R = I/ or R = /I or = IR E.g. in CCK, secretly change resistor value, and have students figure out what the new value is. (could put in the pencil from the grab bag) E.g. in CCK, given resistor value and a current measurement, figure out what the voltage across R must be E.g. in CCK, given resistor value and a voltage measurement, figure out what the current through R must be. Conventional Current vs. Electron Flow: o Note current direction in CCK. What we see is movement of electrons. o Conventional current is around because of Ben Franklin. He made an assumption about electric charges but got it backwards. It wasn t the positive things that moved, it s actually the negative things. o Conventional Current: Positive charges move from Higher voltage to lower voltage o Electron current: electrons move from lower voltage to higher voltage. I = 10 m. = 10. R = 1000 Ohm 3
4 I = 825 R = 15 mohm. = 12.4 = 240. R = 10 Ohm I = Joule s Law (ll bout Circuits: DC-Ch2) (Q s 34-46) One of the primary purposes of electrical systems is to deliver energy from a source to a destination. o Electricity is a highly effective and efficient way to deliver/distribute energy. o It does have one major drawback and that is it must be used right away, or converted into another form and stored (e.g. chemically in batteries) What do I mean by energy? o Capacity to do Work. Mechanically, Work is the exertion of force over a distance (or the vector dot product of force and distance). e.g. lift a 10kg mass 1 meter vertical W=Fd=10*1=10J. o Energy is measured in Joules nybody ever looked at their electrical bill to see what units of energy are used there? kwh (kilowatt*hours) Energy is average power times time 1 kwh is the amount of energy ten 100 W light bulbs use in one hour. How many Joules in one kwh? 1kWh = 1000 Joules/sec * 3600 sec = 3,600,000 J o Electrical systems can do work too How is energy related to power? o power is how much work can be done In a certain period of time. o P = Energy/time = J/sec = Watts Find equation to calculate electrical power given that o P = J/s o = J/C o I = C/s *I = J/C*C/s = J/s o This energy usually manifests as heat, although sometimes as light Given the P = I and = IR, come up with 4
5 o n equation for power that depends on I and R o n equation for power that depends on and R o e.g. If electric current is constant, which will dissipate more power a low resistance resistor, or a high resistance resistor? Explain e.g. If voltage is constant, which will dissipate more power a low resistance resistor, or a high resistance resistor? Explain e.g. How much current will it draw? In to what form of energy does light bulb convert electrical energy? What is the rate of energy use by the bulb? I = 120/300 = 0.4 P = 120*0.4 = /300 =48W If you had a 100W bulb instead of a 48W bulb, it would obviously use more energy over time, but would that bulb s resistance be higher or lower than the 48W bulb? The resistance would have to be smaller since P = 2 /R, and is constant e.g. Calculate the power dissipated by this electric heater. The generator output voltage is 120 and the heater s resistance is 2 Ω. Generator Heater Recalculate power if voltage is doubled to 240. e.g. Calculate current drawn by this motor: 5
6 Now calculate efficiency if the wires have 1 ohm of resistance and the motor still draws 10 of current. efficiency = (the power from the source resistive losses)/power from source = (Psource I 2 R)/Psource Now calculate efficiency of the motor if there is 1 Ω of resistance in the wires (advanced: requires knowledge of KL and KCL): 6
7 Resistance and Resistors (Q s 47-70) (ll bout Circuits: DC-Ch2) (Q s 47-70) Resistance o Units: Ohms (Ω) o Symbol for equations: R o nalogous to resistance to water flow in pipe. o e.g. For a given water pressure applied to a hose, what factors will determine the flow rate of the water? cross-sectional area, hose length and properties of hose o e.g. For a given voltage applied across a wire, what factors will determine the current? cross-sectional area wire length properties of wire o R = (ρl)/ ρ is resistivity and the lower the value, the more conductive a material is Silver 1.59x10-8 Ωm Copper 1.72x10-8 Ωm luminum Ωm Carbon 3.5x10-5 Ωm Silicon 6.4x10 2 Ωm Sulfur Ωm Teflon Ωm e.g. 12 gauge Copper wire has a cross sectional area of 3.31 mm 2. What is the resistance between the two ends of 10 meters of 12 gauge copper wire? 3.31 mm 2 = 3.31x10-6 m 2. R = (1.72x10-8 Ωm * 10m) / 3.31x10-6 m 2 = 0.052Ω How much power would be dissipated by this wire if it carried 10 mps of current: P = I 2 R = 10 2 * = 5.2W From Wikipedia (Inga Shaba): The Inga-Shaba EHDC Transmission Line is a 1200 mile (1920 km) long high-voltage direct current overhead electric power transmission line in the Democratic Republic of Congo, linking the Inga hydroelectric complex at the mouth of the Congo River to mineral fields in Shaba, currently Katanga. 7
8 o Power Delivered 1 : 560 MW o oltage: 1000k o Lines use luminum: ρ = Ωm o Wire Size Guestimation: 0.001m 2. o Find the efficiency of this system: Pgen = Pload + Plosses. To provide 560MW at 1,000,000 requires how much current? I = P/ = 560,000,000/1,000,000 = 560 Resistance of wire = (ρl)/ = ( Ωm * (1,920,000m*2)) / 0.001m 2 = 108.3Ω Power Losses in the wire: Ploss = I 2 R wire = *108.3 = 33,962,880W = 34.0 MW Efficiency = 560 MW / (560MW + 34MW) * 100% = 94.3% If oltage was doubled: To provide 560MW at 2,000,000 requires how much current? I = P/ = 560,000,000/2,000,000 = 280 Power Losses in the wire: Ploss = I 2 R wire = *108.3 = 8,489,779W = 8.5 MW Efficiency = 560 MW / (560MW + 8.5MW) = 98.5% Gauge merican Wire Gauge (WG): Take a look at this table, and see if you can figure out what all of the columns are. For any column, you don t understand, ask me. The one column that may not be clear is the ampacity column 1 ssume the 560MW is power delivered, not power generated but I don t know for sure 8
9 mpacity is basically current carrying capacity of a wire before it or the surroundings are negatively effected. It is based on: temperature rating of the insulation around the wire o insulation will melt/burn long before Cu or l melts resistivity/resistance of the conductor the ability to dissipate heat o dependent on surroundings and ambient temperature o if temp is not standard room temperature, ampacity will need to be derated. Resistors Get some real resistors for demo. (resistance real/ideal, power rating, type) o Connect ¼ watt 10 ohm resistor to 9 volt battery. What happens? Why? schematic symbols for resistors: Why would you want a component whose sole purpose is to impede the flow of electrons? o limit max current to a safe value o split voltage into proportions o scale voltage or current o provide a non-shorting path to discharge electricity When a resistor conducts electric current, its temperature increases. Explain how this phenomenon is significant to the application of resistors in electric circuits. In other words, why would we care about a resistor s temperature increasing? lso, what does this indicate about the technical ratings of resistors? side from having a specific resistance rating (i.e. a certain number of ohms), what other rating is important for proper selection of resistors in electric circuits? Potentiometers e.g. three points of electrical contact. 9
10 1 3 2 What happens to resistance between points when wiper moves toward point 1: Resistance between 1 and 2 Resistance between 2 and 3 Resistance between 1 and 3 This is effectively a variable resistor or potentiometer., and here are some other representations of potentiometers: Schematic symbol Internal view Internal view Motion Motion Motion Why does it not make sense to say that turning the potentiometer so the wiper moves up will increase the resistance of the potentiometer. One application of a potentiometer: + - Mtr Potentiometer 24 DC - + s the wiper moves from right to left, what will happen to the current? ssume the motor can be modeled as a constant resistor. What will happen to the power delivered to the motor? Explain what the potentiometer does in this application. Temperature Dependence of Resistors Don t do the questions about temperature dependence. R = R + R α T R αt = R 1+ α( T T )] [ T R R R R R R R T = resistance of conductor at temperature T. R R = Resistance of conductor at reference temperature T R. α= Temperature coefficient of resistance at reference temperature T R. The resistance of substances change depending on the temperature. Conductors (metals) have a positive temperature coefficient. Semiconductors typically have a negative temperature coefficient. 10
Physics 7B-1 (A/B) Professor Cebra. Winter 2010 Lecture 2. Simple Circuits. Slide 1 of 20
Physics 7B-1 (A/B) Professor Cebra Winter 2010 Lecture 2 Simple Circuits Slide 1 of 20 Conservation of Energy Density In the First lecture, we started with energy conservation. We divided by volume (making
More informationGas discharges. Current flow of electric charge. Electric current (symbol I) L 26 Electricity and Magnetism [3] examples of electrical discharges
L 26 Electricity and Magnetism [3] Electric circuits what conducts electricity what doesn t t conduct electricity Current voltage and resistance Ohm s s Law Heat in a resistor power loss Making simple
More informationClosed loop of moving charges (electrons move - flow of negative charges; positive ions move - flow of positive charges. Nucleus not moving)
Unit 2: Electricity and Magnetism Lesson 3: Simple Circuits Electric circuits transfer energy. Electrical energy is converted into light, heat, sound, mechanical work, etc. The byproduct of any circuit
More informationElectron Theory of Charge. Electricity. 1. Matter is made of atoms. Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge.
Electricity Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge. There are two kinds of electricity: 1. Static Electricity the electric charges are "still" or static 2. Current Electricity
More informationTest Review Electricity
Name: Date: 1. An operating television set draws 0.71 ampere of current when connected to a 120-volt outlet. Calculate the time it takes the television to consume 3.0 10 5 joules of electric energy. [Show
More informationELECTRICITY. Electric Circuit. What do you already know about it? Do Smarty Demo 5/30/2010. Electric Current. Voltage? Resistance? Current?
ELECTRICITY What do you already know about it? Voltage? Resistance? Current? Do Smarty Demo 1 Electric Circuit A path over which electrons travel, out through the negative terminal, through the conductor,
More informationChapter 21 Electric Current and Circuits
Chapter 21 Electric Current and Circuits 1 As an introduction to this chapter you should view the following movie. If you cannot click on the link, then copy it and paste it into your web browser. http://www.ionaphysics.org/movies/vir.mp4
More informationSection 1 Electric Charge and Force
CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Electric Charge and Force Key Idea questions > What are the different kinds of electric charge? > How do materials become charged when rubbed together? > What force is responsible
More information(b) State the relation between work, charge and potential difference for an electric circuit.
Question Bank on Ch-Electricity 1. (a) Define the S.I unit of potential difference. (b) State the relation between work, charge and potential difference for an electric circuit. Calculate the potential
More informationELECTRICITY. Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page
ELECTRICITY 1. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor. Cell or battery 2. Define 1 volt. Express it in terms of SI unit of work and charge calculate the amount of
More informationElectric Charge. Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges. n Units Coulombs (C)
Electric Charge Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges n Units Coulombs (C) Electric Charge How do objects become charged? Types of materials Conductors materials in which
More informationChapter 2. Engr228 Circuit Analysis. Dr Curtis Nelson
Chapter 2 Engr228 Circuit Analysis Dr Curtis Nelson Chapter 2 Objectives Understand symbols and behavior of the following circuit elements: Independent voltage and current sources; Dependent voltage and
More informationChapter 3. Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Review of V, I, and R Voltage is the amount of energy per charge available to move electrons from one point to another in a circuit and is measured in volts. Current is the rate of charge flow
More informationElectromagnetism Checklist
Electromagnetism Checklist Elementary Charge and Conservation of Charge 4.1.1A Convert from elementary charge to charge in coulombs What is the charge in coulombs on an object with an elementary charge
More informationResistivity and Temperature Coefficients (at 20 C)
Homework # 4 Resistivity and Temperature Coefficients (at 0 C) Substance Resistivity, Temperature ( m) Coefficient, (C ) - Conductors Silver.59 x 0-0.006 Copper.6 x 0-0.006 Aluminum.65 x 0-0.0049 Tungsten
More information3 Electric current, resistance, energy and power
3 3.1 Introduction Having looked at static charges, we will now look at moving charges in the form of electric current. We will examine how current passes through conductors and the nature of resistance
More informationPhysics Module Form 5 Chapter 2- Electricity GCKL 2011 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT
2.1 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT Van de Graaf 1. What is a Van de Graaff generator? Fill in each of the boxes the name of the part shown. A device that produces and store electric charges at high voltage
More informationElectric Current & DC Circuits
Electric Current & DC Circuits Circuits Click on the topic to go to that section Conductors Resistivity and Resistance Circuit Diagrams Measurement EMF & Terminal Voltage Kirchhoff's Rules Capacitors*
More informationChapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance 25-4 Resistivity Example 25-5: Speaker wires. Suppose you want to connect your stereo to remote speakers. (a) If each wire must be 20 m long, what diameter copper
More informationCHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT:
ELECTRICITY: CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT ELECTRIC CHARGE ELECTRIC CURRENT ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT TYPES OF CIRCUITS ELECTRIC QUANTITIES VOLTAGE CURRENT RESISTANCE
More informationAlgebra Based Physics
Page 1 of 105 Algebra Based Physics Electric Current & DC Circuits 2015-10-06 www.njctl.org Page 2 of 105 Electric Current & DC Circuits Circuits Conductors Resistivity and Resistance Circuit Diagrams
More informationBasic Electricity. ME 120 Lecture Notes. Portland State University Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Basic Electricity ME 120 Lecture Notes Portland State University Mechanical and Materials Engineering Learning Objectives Successful completion of this module will enable students to Link the basic model
More informationNotes on Electricity (Circuits)
A circuit is defined to be a collection of energy-givers (batteries) and energy-takers (resistors, light bulbs, radios, etc.) that form a closed path (or complete path) through which electrical current
More information15 - THERMAL AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CURRENTS Page 1 ( Answers at the end of all questions )
5 - THERMAL AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CURRENTS Page A heater coil is cut into two equal parts and only one part is now used in the heater. The heat generated will now be four times doubled halved ( d one-fourth
More informationPhysics Module Form 5 Chapter 2- Electricity GCKL 2011 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT
2.1 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT Van de Graaf 1. What is a Van de Graaff generator? Fill in each of the boxes the name of the part shown. A device that... and... at high voltage on its dome. dome 2. You
More informationLESSON 5: ELECTRICITY II
LESSON 5: ELECTRICITY II The first two points are a review of the previous lesson 1.1.ELECTRIC CHARGE - Electric charge is a property of all objects and is responsible for electrical phenomena. -All matter
More informationElectric Currents and Circuits
Electric Currents and Circuits Producing Electric Current Electric Current flow of charged particles Need a potential difference to occur Conventional Current- flow of positive charges flowing from positive
More informationCircuits-Ohm's Law. 1. Which graph best represents the relationship between the electrical power and the current in a resistor that obeys Ohm s Law?
1. Which graph best represents the relationship between the electrical power and the current in a resistor that obeys Ohm s Law? 2. A potential drop of 50 volts is measured across a 250- ohm resistor.
More informationELECTRICITY UNIT REVIEW
ELECTRICITY UNIT REVIEW S1-3-04: How does the Atomic Model help to explain static electricity? 1. Which best describes static electricity? a) charges that can be collected and held in one place b) charges
More informationChapter 25 Electric Currents and. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance 25-1 The Electric Battery Volta discovered that electricity could be created if dissimilar metals were connected by a conductive solution called an electrolyte.
More informationElectric Current & DC Circuits How to Use this File Electric Current & DC Circuits Click on the topic to go to that section Circuits
Slide 1 / 127 Slide 2 / 127 Electric Current & DC Circuits www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 127 How to Use this File Slide 4 / 127 Electric Current & DC Circuits Each topic is composed of brief direct instruction
More informationElectric charge is conserved the arithmetic sum of the total charge cannot change in any interaction.
Electrostatics Electric charge is conserved the arithmetic sum of the total charge cannot change in any interaction. Electric Charge in the Atom Atom: Nucleus (small, massive, positive charge) Electron
More informationA Review of Circuitry
1 A Review of Circuitry There is an attractive force between a positive and a negative charge. In order to separate these charges, a force at least equal to the attractive force must be applied to one
More informationCircuits. Electric Current & DC Circuits. Slide 1 / 127. Slide 2 / 127. Slide 3 / 127. Slide 4 / 127. Slide 5 / 127. Slide 6 / 127
Slide 1 / 127 Slide 2 / 127 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Electric Current & DC Circuits www.njctl.org Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org
More informationChapter 17 Electric Current and Resistance Pearson Education, Inc.c
Chapter 17 Electric Current and Resistance 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.c 1 Units of Chapter 17 Batteries and Direct Current Current and Drift Velocity Resistance and Ohm s Law Electric Power 2010 Pearson
More informationPower in Resistive Electric Circuits
Chapter Solutions Resistance and Resistivity Description: Short conceptual problem on resistance and resistivity of an ohmic conductor of different sizes at the same temperature. Based on Young/Geller
More informationElectricity. dronstudy.com
Electricity Electricity is a basic part of our nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We use electricity virtually every minute of every day for example in lighting, heating, refrigeration,
More informationResistance Learning Outcomes
Resistance Learning Outcomes Define resistance and give its unit. Solve problems about resistance. State Ohm s Law. HL: Derive the formulas for resistors in series and parallel. Solve problems about resistors
More informationInsulators Non-metals are very good insulators; their electrons are very tightly bonded and cannot move.
SESSION 11: ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Key Concepts Resistance and Ohm s laws Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors Series and parallel connection Energy in an electric circuit X-planation 1. CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
More informationPhysics 102: Lecture 05 Circuits and Ohm s Law
Physics 102: Lecture 05 Circuits and Ohm s Law Physics 102: Lecture 5, Slide 1 Summary of Last Time Capacitors Physical C = ke 0 A/d C=Q/V Series 1/C eq = 1/C 1 + 1/C 2 Parallel C eq = C 1 + C 2 Energy
More informationES250: Electrical Science. HW1: Electric Circuit Variables, Elements and Kirchhoff s Laws
ES250: Electrical Science HW1: Electric Circuit Variables, Elements and Kirchhoff s Laws Introduction Engineers use electric circuits to solve problems that are important to modern society, such as: 1.
More informationElectric Current. Chapter 17. Electric Current, cont QUICK QUIZ Current and Resistance. Sections: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9
Electric Current Chapter 17 Current and Resistance Sections: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 Whenever electric charges of like signs move, an electric current is said to exist The current is the rate at which the charge
More informationA free web support in Education. Internal resistance of the battery, r = 3 Ω. Maximum current drawn from the battery = I According to Ohm s law,
Exercises Question 3.1: The storage battery of a car has an emf of 12 V. If the internal resistance of the battery is 0.4Ω, what is the maximum current that can be drawn from the battery? Answer 3.1: Emf
More informationEXPERIMENT 12 OHM S LAW
EXPERIMENT 12 OHM S LAW INTRODUCTION: We will study electricity as a flow of electric charge, sometimes making analogies to the flow of water through a pipe. In order for electric charge to flow a complete
More informationElectricity and Magnetism Module 4 Student Guide
Electricity and Magnetism Module 4 Student Guide Note: each time you are finished with a circuit we ask that you disconnect all wires, so that the next circuit you investigate starts with a blank slate.
More informationResistance Learning Outcomes. Resistance Learning Outcomes. Resistance
Resistance Learning Outcomes Define resistance and give its unit. Solve problems about resistance. State Ohm s Law. HL: Derive the formulas for resistors in series and parallel. Solve problems about resistors
More informationDirect Current (DC) Circuits
Direct Current (DC) Circuits NOTE: There are short answer analysis questions in the Participation section the informal lab report. emember to include these answers in your lab notebook as they will be
More informationElectricity. Prepared by Juan Blázquez, Alissa Gildemann. Electric charge is a property of all objects. It is responsible for electrical phenomena.
Unit 11 Electricity 1. Electric charge Electric charge is a property of all objects. It is responsible for electrical phenomena. Electrical phenomena are caused by the forces of attraction and repulsion.
More information2. Basic Components and Electrical Circuits
1 2. Basic Components and Electrical Circuits 2.1 Units and Scales The International System of Units (SI) defines 6 principal units from which the units of all other physical quantities can be derived
More information11. ELECTRIC CURRENT. Questions and Answers between the forces F e and F c. 3. Write the difference between potential difference and emf. A.
CLSS-10 1. Explain how electron flow causes electric current with Lorentz-Drude theory of electrons?. Drude and Lorentz, proposed that conductors like metals contain a large number of free electrons while
More informationDC circuits, Kirchhoff s Laws
DC circuits, Kirchhoff s Laws Alternating Current (AC), Direct Current (DC) DC Circuits Resistors Kirchhoff s Laws CHM6158C - Lecture 2 1 Electric current Movement of electrons in a conductor Examples
More informationUnit 1 Lesson 1.2 Energy Sources
Unit Lesson. Energy Sources ntroduction to Electricity 0 Electricity Movement of electrons nvisible force that provides light, heat, sound, motion... Elements he simplest form of matter Atoms Smallest
More information8. Electric circuit: The closed path along which electric current flows is called an electric circuit.
GIST OF THE LESSON 1. Positive and negative charges: The charge acquired by a glass rod when rubbed with silk is called positive charge and the charge acquired by an ebonite rod when rubbed with wool is
More informationCLASS X- ELECTRICITY
Conductor- Insulator: Materia Materials through which electric current cannot pass are called insulators. Electric Circuit: A continuous a CLASS X- ELECTRICITY als through which electric current can pass
More informationIn the following information, you will study these three physical quantities as they relate to simple electrical circuits.
Module 7 Ohm's Law INTRODUCTION In this experiment, you will study Ohm's Law, the most fundamental relation used in the analysis of electrical circuits. Ohm's Law relates the quantities of voltage, electric
More informationSyllabus and Course Overview!
Electronics Lab! Syllabus and Course Overview! oltage Current and Ohm s Law! Kirchoff s Laws! The oltage Divider! Syllabus and Course Overview! n http://www.stlawu.edu/academics/programs/physics! oltage,
More informationChapter 18 Electric Currents
Chapter 18 Electric Currents 1 The Electric Battery Volta discovered that electricity could be created if dissimilar metals were connected by a conductive solution called an electrolyte. This is a simple
More information52 VOLTAGE, CURRENT, RESISTANCE, AND POWER
52 VOLTAGE, CURRENT, RESISTANCE, AND POWER 1. What is voltage, and what are its units? 2. What are some other possible terms for voltage? 3. Batteries create a potential difference. The potential/voltage
More informationCHAPTER 1 ELECTRICITY
CHAPTER 1 ELECTRICITY Electric Current: The amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time. In other words, it is the rate of flow of electric charges. Electric Circuit: Electric circuit
More informationCHAPTER INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. C h a p t e r INTRODUCTION
C h a p t e r CHAPTE NTODUCTON TO ELECTC CCUTS.0 NTODUCTON This chapter is explaining about the basic principle of electric circuits and its connections. The learning outcome for this chapter are the students
More informationElectricity. From the word Elektron Greek for amber
Electricity From the word Elektron Greek for amber Electrical systems have two main objectives: To gather, store, process, transport information & Energy To distribute and convert energy Electrical Engineering
More informationQuestion 3: How is the electric potential difference between the two points defined? State its S.I. unit.
EXERCISE (8 A) Question : Define the term current and state its S.I unit. Solution : Current is defined as the rate of flow of charge. I = Q/t Its S.I. unit is Ampere. Question 2: Define the term electric
More informationCapacitance. A different kind of capacitor: Work must be done to charge a capacitor. Capacitors in circuits. Capacitor connected to a battery
Capacitance The ratio C = Q/V is a conductor s self capacitance Units of capacitance: Coulomb/Volt = Farad A capacitor is made of two conductors with equal but opposite charge Capacitance depends on shape
More informationGreek Letter Omega Ω = Ohm (Volts per Ampere)
) What is electric current? Flow of Electric Charge 2) What is the unit we use for electric current? Amperes (Coulombs per Second) 3) What is electrical resistance? Resistance to Electric Current 4) What
More informationUnit 6 Current Electricity and Circuits
Unit 6 Current Electricity and Circuits 2 Types of Electricity Electricity that in motion. Electricity that in motion. Occurs whenever an moves through a. 2 Types of Current Electricity Electricity that
More informationFor an electric current to flow between two points, two conditions must be met.
ELECTROSTATICS LAB Electric Circuits For an electric current to flow between two points, two conditions must be met. 1. There must be a conducting path between the points along which the charges can move.
More informationCircuits. Electric Current & DC Circuits Circuits. Unit 6. April Electric Current. Electric Current. Electric Current. ΔQ Δt
Electric Current & DC Circuits Electric Current & DC Circuits Circuits Conductors esistivity and esistance Click on the topic to go to that section Circuit Diagrams Measurement Electric Current Circuits
More information2. In words, what is electrical current? 3. Try measuring the current at various points of the circuit using an ammeter.
PS 12b Lab 1a Fun with Circuits Lab 1a Learning Goal: familiarize students with the concepts of current, voltage, and their measurement. Warm Up: A.) Given a light bulb, a battery, and single copper wire,
More informationIntroduction to Electricity
Introduction to Electricity Principles of Engineering 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc. Electricity Movement of electrons Invisible force that provides light, heat, sound, motion... Electricity at the Atomic
More informationPHYSICS FORM 5 ELECTRICAL QUANTITES
QUANTITY SYMBOL UNIT SYMBOL Current I Amperes A Voltage (P.D.) V Volts V Resistance R Ohm Ω Charge (electric) Q Coulomb C Power P Watt W Energy E Joule J Time T seconds s Quantity of a Charge, Q Q = It
More informationElectricity 1.notebook. May 04, 2016 ELECTRICITY. objects.
ELECTRICITY is objects. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Insulators and Conductors You should now know that electricity. 1. Electrical Insulator - Any substance in which Examples: 7 If atoms in an become charged with, these
More informationMonday July 14. Capacitance demo slide 19 Capacitors in series and parallel slide 33 Elmo example
Monday July 14 Lecture 5 Capacitance demo slide 19 Capacitors in series and parallel slide 33 Elmo example Lecture 6 Currents and esistance Lecture 9 Circuits Wear Microphone 1 3 Lecture 6 Current and
More informationRevision checklist SP10. SP10 Electricity and Circuits. SP10a Electric circuits. SP10b Current and potential difference
Electricity and Circuits a Electric circuits Describe the basic structure of an atom (positions, relative masses and relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons). Recognise the circuit symbols
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS Basic Quantities Voltage (symbol V) is the measure of electrical potential difference. It is measured in units of Volts, abbreviated V. The example below shows several ways
More informationChapter 17. Current and Resistance. Sections: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9
Chapter 17 Current and Resistance Sections: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 Equations: 2 2 1 e r q q F = k 2 e o r Q k q F E = = I R V = A L R ρ = )] ( 1 [ o o T T + = α ρ ρ V I V t Q P = = R V R I P 2 2 ) ( = = C Q
More informationCurrent and Resistance
Current and Resistance 1 Define the current. Understand the microscopic description of current. Discuss the rat at which the power transfer to a device in an electric current. 2 2-1 Electric current 2-2
More informationChapter 24: Electric Current
Chapter 24: Electric Current Current Definition of current A current is any motion of charge from one region to another. Suppose a group of charges move perpendicular to surface of area A. The current
More information4.2.1 Current, potential difference and resistance
4.2 Electricity Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter everywhere. Understanding the difference in the microstructure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators makes it possible to design
More informationLecture #3. Review: Power
Lecture #3 OUTLINE Power calculations Circuit elements Voltage and current sources Electrical resistance (Ohm s law) Kirchhoff s laws Reading Chapter 2 Lecture 3, Slide 1 Review: Power If an element is
More informationWhat is an Electric Current?
Electric Circuits NTODUCTON: Electrical circuits are part of everyday human life. e.g. Electric toasters, electric kettle, electric stoves All electrical devices need electric current to operate. n this
More informationElectric Currents. Resistors (Chapters 27-28)
Electric Currents. Resistors (Chapters 27-28) Electric current I Resistance R and resistors Relation between current and resistance: Ohm s Law Resistivity ρ Energy dissipated by current. Electric power
More informationNotes on Electricity (Circuits)
A circuit is defined to be a collection of energy-givers (active elements) and energy-takers (passive elements) that form a closed path (or complete path) through which electrical current can flow. The
More informationCircuits. Circuits. Electric Current & DC Circuits. current and circuits presentation March 22, How to Use this File.
New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Electric Current & DC Circuits Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non commercial
More informationSection 1: Electric Charge and Force
Electricity Section 1 Section 1: Electric Charge and Force Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Electric Charge Transfer of Electric Charge Induced Charges Charging by Contact Electric Force Electric Field Lines
More informationChapter 19. Electric Current, Resistance, and DC Circuit Analysis
Chapter 19 Electric Current, Resistance, and DC Circuit Analysis I = dq/dt Current is charge per time SI Units: Coulombs/Second = Amps Direction of Electron Flow _ + Direction of Conventional Current:
More informationChapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance Units of Chapter 25 The Electric Battery Electric Current Ohm s Law: Resistance and Resistors Resistivity Electric Power Units of Chapter 25 Power in Household
More informationReview. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When more devices are added to a series circuit, the total circuit resistance: a.
More informationSpecific resistance of conductors
Specific resistance of conductors This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationTemperature coefficient of resistivity
Temperature coefficient of resistivity ρ slope = α ρ = ρ o [ 1+ α(t To )] R = R o [1+ α(t T o )] T T 0 = reference temperature α = temperature coefficient of resistivity, units of (ºC) -1 For Ag, Cu, Au,
More informationAn Introduction to Electricity and Circuits
An Introduction to Electricity and Circuits Materials prepared by Daniel Duke 4 th Sept 2013. This document may be copied and edited freely with attribution. This course has been designed to introduce
More informationphysics 4/7/2016 Chapter 31 Lecture Chapter 31 Fundamentals of Circuits Chapter 31 Preview a strategic approach THIRD EDITION
Chapter 31 Lecture physics FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS a strategic approach THIRD EDITION randall d. knight Chapter 31 Fundamentals of Circuits Chapter Goal: To understand the fundamental physical principles
More informationObjective of Lecture Discuss resistivity and the three categories of materials Chapter 2.1 Show the mathematical relationships between charge,
Objective of Lecture Discuss resistivity and the three categories of materials Chapter 2.1 Show the mathematical relationships between charge, current, voltage, and energy. Chapter 2.2-2.4 Define resistance
More informationAP Physics C - E & M
AP Physics C - E & M Current and Circuits 2017-07-12 www.njctl.org Electric Current Resistance and Resistivity Electromotive Force (EMF) Energy and Power Resistors in Series and in Parallel Kirchoff's
More informationElectricity Review completed.notebook. June 13, 2013
Which particle in an atom has no electric charge associated with it? a. proton c. neutron b. electron d. nucleus Jun 12 9:28 PM The electrons in a metal sphere can be made to move by touching it with a
More informationUNIT II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
UNIT II CUENT ELECTICITY Weightage : 07 Marks Electric current; flow of electric charges in a metllic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current. Ohm s law electrical
More information4.2.1 Current, potential difference and resistance Standard circuit diagram symbols. Content. Key opportunities for skills development WS 1.
4.2 Electricity Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter everywhere. Understanding the difference in the microstructure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators makes it possible to design
More informationPSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism
PSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5: Electricity and Magnetism A. The Atom B. Electricity C. Static Electricity D. A circuit E. Current and Voltage F. Resistance G. Ohm s Law H. Power
More informationPhysics 201. Professor P. Q. Hung. 311B, Physics Building. Physics 201 p. 1/3
Physics 201 p. 1/3 Physics 201 Professor P. Q. Hung 311B, Physics Building Physics 201 p. 2/3 Summary of last lecture Equipotential surfaces: Surfaces where the potential is the same everywhere, e.g. the
More informationElectrodynamics. Review 8
Unit 8 eview: Electrodynamics eview 8 Electrodynamics 1. A 9.0 V battery is connected to a lightbulb which has a current of 0.5 A flowing through it. a. How much power is delivered to the b. How much energy
More informationElectricity Worksheet (p.1) All questions should be answered on your own paper.
Electricity Worksheet (p.1) 1. In terms of attraction and repulsion, how do negative particles affect negative particles? How do negatives affect positives? 2. What happens to electrons in any charging
More information