Problem 1 in the section "self-thinking" Team «MG 12»
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1 Problem 1 in the section "self-thinking" Team «MG 12» 1
2 Problem 1 in the section "self-thinking" Calculate the error in the measurement of mass of object by balance, taking into account external factors. 2
3 Hypothesis: if the measurement is carried on in the air, the environmental parameters may influence the result of measurement of mass of object. Target: To establish the relationship between mass of object and the parameters of the environment during measurement. 3
4 Measurement tools for mechanical variables. Mass Mass is a basic physical characteristic of matter, as the measure of its information and gravity. In the international system of measurement (SI) mass is defined as one of the basic mechanical values. The unit of mass is kilogram. 4
5 Electronic and mechanical scales Measuring tools (with the exception of certain measures - weights, rulers) in the simplest case produce two operations: detecting a physical quantity of unknown size comparison with known or comparing responses to the impacts of known and unknown dimensions. There are the main components of electronic scales: 1) Sensors. The principle of operation of electronic scales based on measuring the force generated by the loading scales platform with the weight of measuring body. This force acts on the sensors, consisting of an elastic element mechanically associated deformation transducer into an electrical signal. 2) Indicators 5
6 Sensors: а) String б)piezoelectric в)strain 6
7 Indicators 1)LED segment 2) liquid crystal display (LCD) segment 3)Luminescent (discharge) 7
8 Dependence of the accuracy measurement of the environment: 1) Location of weights; (Room or bathroom should not be exposed to a variety of vibration) 2) Environment (Temperature - the ideal temperature is the temperature of 20 ± 2 ºC., Atmospheric humidity - optimal air humidity is 30-80%., Pressure-atmospheric); 3) lighting. (Necessary to ensure that the balance is not in the direct sunlight.) The dependence of the accuracy of measurement of the weight accuracy class: Determined by GOST , which is based on international recommendations OIML weights and divides into 3 classes of accuracy: I ) special class precision balance (laboratory) II ) high class accuracy III ) medium 8
9 Experiment 1 Objective: To determine the measurement error of body weight on the electro-mechanical scales for various accuracy classes. Equipment: electronic and mechanical scales of high accuracy class II and III, the average set of bodies of different sizes but the same mass test corpus The value of the mass, according to the passport of equipment, g The mass of body weights obtained on accuracy class II, g The mass of body weights obtained on accuracy class III, g Corpus ,4 + 0, Corpus ,7 + 0, Corpus ,9 + 0,
10 Conclusion: the higher the class of accuracy of the measuring device is, the less error in measurement and reliable values of body weight is. 10
11 Experiment 2 Objective: To determine relations between measurement errors of body weight on an electronic balance with the mechanical properties of the environment. Equipment: electronic and mechanical scales of high accuracy class II; a set of. bodies of different sizes but the same weight; barometer; Thermometer. 11
12 Conclusion: The body weight value obtained by electronic balance depends on environmental parameters (temperature, pressure) The value of body weight when the parameters of the environment Corpus 1 Corpus 2 Corpus 3 Body weight, g temperature 26 C The pressure of 745 mm Hg Body weight, g temperature 7 C The pressure of 746 mm Hg 96,4 + 0,1 96,7 + 0,1 94,9 + 0,1 96,2 + 0,1 96,7 + 0,1 94,9 + 0,1 Body weight, g temperature 29 C The pressure of 747 mm Hg 96,4 + 0,1 96,6 + 0,1 94,8 + 0,1 12
13 An explanation of the experimental results. Air. The density of air - is a physical quantity that characterizes the specific gravity of air under natural conditions or the mass of the gas atmosphere of the Earth per unit volume. For the standard air density value is taken equal to 1.29 kg / m3, which is calculated as a ratio of its molecular weight (29 g / mol) to the molar volume is the same for all gases ( dm3), corresponding to the density of dry air at 0 C (273,15 K) and a pressure of 760 mmhg ( Pa) at sea level (i.e. under normal conditions). 13
14 The dependence of the properties of the air density of the environment ρ =pm/rt R = 8,31 J / mol * K; M = 29 g / mol; p- pressure (Pa); T is the temperature (K) parameter Corpus 1 Corpus 2 Corpus 3 Body weight, g (experiment 1) The amount of body, cm3 The density of the air, kg / m3 (experiment 2) Gravity, H (experiment 1) Archimede s force, N (experiment 2) 96,4 + 0,1 96,7 + 0,1 94,9 + 0,1 83,7 33,21 11,34 1,159 1,159 1,159 0, , , , , ,
15 parameter Corpus 1 Corpus 2 Corpus 3 Body weight, g (experiment 1) Body weight, g (experiment 2) The density of the air, kg / m3 (experiment 3) Gravity, N (experiment 1) Archimedes force, N (experiment 3) Body weight, g (experiment 3) 96,4 + 0,1 96,7 + 0,1 94,9 + 0,1 96,4 + 0,1 96,6 + 0,1 94,8 + 0,1 1,239 1,239 1,239 0, , , ,001 0,0004 0, ,2 + 0,1 96,6 + 0,1 94,9 + 0,1 15
16 16
17 Experiment 3 Objective: To determine the relationships between measurement error of body weight on the electro-mechanical scales with the light circumstances. Equipment: electronic and mechanical scales of high accuracy class II; a set of bodies of different sizes but the same mass. 17
18 Conclusion: the accuracy of the weighing has a significant influence from direct sunlight. 18
19 Experiment 4 Objective: To determine the relationships between measurement error of body weight on the electro-mechanical scales to be weighed with the location of the body. Equipment: electronic and mechanical scales high accuracy class III; a set of bodies of different sizes but the same mass. 19
20 Conclusion: The accuracy of weighing on electro-mechanical scales depends on the location of the body to be weighed. It must be positioned so, that the center of gravity coincides with the center of the indicator spring transmitting the information on the display. 20
21 Conclusion The balance a high degree of accuracy must be used. Sunrays must be avoided. With a large volume of a body, researcher should take into account the error caused by the Archimede s force. The body must be settled in the centre. 21
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