Measurements of (n,px), (n,dx), (n,tx) and (n,αx) reactions. between 25 and 70 MeV at Louvain-la-Neuve
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1 Measurements of (n,px), (n,dx), (n,tx) and (n,αx) reactions between 25 and 70 MeV at Louvain-la-Neuve J.-P. Meulders, S. Benck, V. Corcalciuc, I. Slypen Institut de physique nucléaire, Chemin du cyclotron, 2 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 1
2 Outline A. LLN program in neutron induced reactions 1. Introduction 2. Measurements 3. Results 4. Conclusions 2.1 Experimental set-up 2.2 Data reduction 3.1 Double-differential cross sections 3.2 Energy-differential cross sections 3.3 Applications B. Concerted Action Physical Aspect of Lead as a neutron producing target for accelerator transmutation devices Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 2
3 A. LLN program in neutron induced reactions 1. Introduction Measurements of double-differential cross sections of the (n,px), (n,dx), (n,tx) and (n,αx) reactions on 12 C, 16 O, 27 Al, Si, Pb and 209 Bi at different incident neutron energies (25-75 MeV) Angular distributions from 20 to 160 in steps of 10 energy-differential cross sections angle-differential cross sections total production cross sections Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 3
4 Interests: basic nuclear physics information a reaction mechanisms a nuclear structure many interdisciplinary applications a kerma factors for neutron therapy and neutron dosimetry (H, C, O) a single upset events in computer memory chips (Al, Si, O) a accelerator driven systems (Pb, Bi) Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 4
5 2.1. Experimental set-up 2. Measurements Neutron source: nat Li(p,n)Be reaction (3 mm thick target) Incident proton energy: 65 MeV Neutron energy of the monoenergetic peak: 62.7 MeV Neutron energy spectrum and beam profile Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 5
6 Experimental set-up 6 E-E telescopes connected to a reaction chamber Figure not on scale Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 6
7 Detailed vue of a E-E telescope Event by event acquisition Particle identification: charge integration of the output signals biparametric slow vs. fast component of CsI light output pulse biparametric E vs. E Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 7
8 Particle selection Slow vs. fast representation after background elimination E vs. E representation after identification of protons for further selection Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 8
9 Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 9
10 2.2 Data reduction Targets 12 C, Al 2 O 3, 27 Al, Si, Pb, 209 Bi (50x50x1 mm 3, 60x60x0.3 mm 3 ) Relative normalization of the spectra: neutron beam flux (2 different beam monitors) solid angles (including beam-profile) number of target nuclei Absolute normalization to the measured H(n,p) cross sections: (C 3 H 6 ) n target Energy calibration: recoil p / d from (C 3 H 6 ) n / (C 3 D 6 ) n target + an α-source Corrections for the particle loss due to the thickness ( 1 or 0.3 mm) of the target Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 10
11 Time of flight measurement between a capacitive beam pick-off and the E detector reconstruction of the neutron spectrum corresponding to the selected particles Deuteron spectrum and corresponding reconstructed neutron spectrum (insert) Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 11
12 3. Results 3.1 Double-differential cross sections 27 Al(n,px) for E n = 62.7 MeV at different lab. angles ( ) Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 12
13 1er transparent de confportrait.ppt Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 13
14 3.2 Energy differential cross sections for each particle and each incident neutron energy - to complete angular distribution: a exp (b cosθ) Al target, E = 62.7 MeV n lab. angle = 10 deg. LLN extrapolation data from proton induced reactions on Al at 61.0 MeV (Bertrand and Peelle) Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 14
15 Cross sections on Al at E = 62.7 MeV n LLN data data from proton induced reactions on Al at 61 MeV GNASH calculation FKK prediction Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 15
16 3.3 Applications Kerma (Kinetic Energy Released per Mass unit) k d = N ( σ ) de i i E i E Elemental composition by weight of ICRU muscle, fat, bone, muscle-equivalent plastic A-150 and tissueequivalent gas (TE). i Element ICRU muscle (%) (ICRU 1977) Fat (adipose) (%) (ICRU 1989) Bone (cortical) (%) (ICRU 1989) A-150 plastic (%) TE gas (%) H ± C ± O ± N ± Ca ±0.1 - F ±0.1 - others Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 16
17 Total kerma on Oxygen without LLN data Kerma factor (fgym 2 ) Brady (1979) Romero (1985) Schrewe (1995) Schrewe (1997) Hartmann (1992) De Luca (1988) Chadwick (1998) Brenner (1983) White (1992) Dimbylow (1982) Neutron energy (MeV) Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 17
18 Total kerma on Oxygen with LLN data Kerma factor (fgym 2 ) present work p re se nt wo rk e xtra p o la tion Brady (1979) Romero (1985) Schrewe (1995) Schrewe (1997) Hartmann (1992) De Luca (1988) Chadwick (1998) Brenner (1983) White (1992) Dimbylow (1982) Neutron energy (MeV) Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 18
19 microelectronic Comparison Si(n,px) - Al(n,px) for E = 62.7 MeV n Al 3 20 o 3 70 o Si d/ded σω (mb/mev sr) o 60 o o 140 o Proton Energy (MeV) Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 19
20 Accelerator driven systems Measurements of double differential cross sections of (n,px), (n,dx), (n,tx) and (n,αx) reactions on Lead and Bismuth at 9 angles and for several incident neutron energies between 30 and 65 MeV (July 1998) Collaboration for Lead measurements Subatech Nantes LPC Caen Analysis in progress for Lead data M. Kerveno, Ph. D. student, Subatech Nantes Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 20
21 2e transparent de confportrait.ppt Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 21
22 B. Concerted Action : Physical aspects of lead as a neutron producing target for accelerator transmutation devices N Name Organisation Laboratory City Abbreviated Name 1 J.-P. Meulders UCL Louvain-la-Neuve 2 N. Olsson UU University of Uppsala 3 R. Michel ZSR Hannover 4 H. Schuhmacher PTB Braunschweig 5 S. Leray CEA Saclay Saclay 6 P. Eudes CNRS Nantes Subatech Nantes 7 S. Brandenburg KVI Groningen 8 A. Koning ECN Petten 9 P. Armbuster GSI Darmstadt 10 D. Filges FZJ Jülich 11 A. Willis CNRS Orsay IPN Orsay 12 J.-F. Lecolley LPC Caen LPC Caen 13 J. Cugnon U. Lg. Liège Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 22
23 Experiments on lead targets involved in the Concerted Action (1/8/98-31/7/2000) Responsible Institution Energy Reaction Site of experiment CNRS Nantes MeV (p,xn) + (p,xp), (p,xd), (p,xt), (p,xα) UCL Louvain-la- Neuve UCL Louvain-la- Neuve MeV (n,xp), (n,xd), (n,xt), (n,xα) UCL Louvain-la- Neuve ZSR Hannover < 70 MeV (p,x) Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen (CH) Participating partners CNRS Caen, UCL CNRS Nantes, LPC Caen FZJ PTB MeV (n,x) UCL Louvain-la- ZSR, UCL Braunschweig Neuve ZSR Hannover 100 MeV (n,x) UU Uppsala UU, PTB UU Uppsala MeV (n,n) UU Uppsala UU, LPC Caen, CNRS Nantes KVI Groningen 190 MeV (p,f), (p,x) KVI Groningen ECN Petten, CNRS Orsay CEA Saclay MeV (p,xn), (d,xn) CEA Saturne Saclay GSI Darmstadt MeV H(Pb,x) GSI Darmstadt CEA Saclay, CNRS Orsay FZJ Jülich < 2500 MeV (p,xn) multiplicity FZJ Jülich U. Lg, UU, LPC Caen, CNRS Orsay Meulders Jean-Pierre, Slypen Isabelle 23
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