Basic Studies for Transmutation (BASTRA): MUSE HINDAS

Transcription

1 Basic Nuclear Data Activities in FP5 F Mellier (CEA, Cadarache) JP Meulders (UCL, Leuven-la la-neuve) A Mengoni (CERN, Geneva) Basic Studies for Transmutation (BASTRA): MUSE HINDAS n_tof-nd-ads

2 ADS (Accelerator Driven Systems) Subcritical reactor core Spallation neutrons: high energies Trasmutation of TRU: exotic fuel Accelerator protons Reactor neutrons Zen-ADS

3 EURATOM Programs on P&T (FP5) Source: V Bhatnagar, 2003 (EC) alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

4 MUSE: multiplication with an external source Partners: - Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK/CEN), Belgium - Commissariat à l Energie Atomique (CEA), France - Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1 (CNRS/IN2P3/ISN), France - Forshungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (FZK), Germany - Forshungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ),Germany - British Nuclear Fuels plc (BNFL), Great Britain - Ente per le Nuove technologie, l Energie e l Ambiente (ENEA), Italy - Nuclear Research consultancy Group (NRG), The Netherlands - Delft University of Technology (DUT), The Netherlands - Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medio Ambiantales y Technologicas (CIEMAT), Spain - Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan (KTH), Sweden - Chalmers University of Technology AB (CTH), Sweden - University of Mining and Metallurgy (UMM), Poland Source: F Mellier, 2004 (MUSE)

5 MUSE: multiplication with an external source The MUSE experiments performed at MASURCA facility (CEA-Cadarache), investigates several subcritical configurations driven by an external neutron source provided by (d,d) or (d,t) reactions The incident deuterons are provided by a pulsed accelerator (GENEPI), installed in the MASURCA facility The configurations have uranium, plutonium, thorium fuels, with lead or sodium or gas coolant. Several levels of subcriticality investigated (k eff = 0.95 to 1.) Measurements of the subcriticality (with static, dynamic and neutron noise methods), of the neutron spatial distributions, neutron spectra, effective delayed neutron fraction and neutron source importance parameter Extensive cross-comparison of codes and data Experimental reactivity control techniques developed, related to subcritical operation alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

6 MUSE: multiplication with an external source GENEPI: Reaction I [ma] E [kev/d] En [MeV] n [1/s] d,d x10 9 d,t x10 9

7 MUSE: multiplication with an external source Results (data available): Critical reference configuration (profiles) k=0.995, DD and DT k=0.97, DD and DT k=0.95 DT PNS, source jerk, Rossi- and Feynman-α as well as fission and californium traverses Source: F Mellier, 2004 (MUSE) alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

8 MUSE 235 U fission rate distribution 1,05 0,95 Fuel zone Fuel zone Normalised fisson rates 0,85 0,75 0,65 0,55 North Lead buffer REF - GENEPI OFF SC0 - GENEPI 2kHz - TiT target SC2 - GENEPI 4kHz - TiT target SC3 - GENEPI 2kHz - TiT target South 0, Distance from center of core (mm) Source: F Mellier, 2004 (MUSE)

9 HINDAS: intermediate & high energies Sweden: 1 The Svedberg Laboratory, Uppsala Germany: 2 ZSR, Hannover 3 PTB, Braunschweig 4 FZJ, Jülich 5 GSI, Darmstadt France: 6 CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 7 CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel 8 Université de Nantes 9 CNRS, Caen The Netherlands: 10 KVI, Groningen 11 NRG, Petten Spain: 12 USC, Santiago de Compostela Switzerland: 13 PSI, Villingen 14 ETHZ, Zürich Belgium: 15 ULg, Liège 16 UCL, Louvain-la la-neuve

10 HINDAS: intermediate & high energies Main Objective To obtain a general understanding and modeling of nuclear reactions between 20 MeV and 2 GeV in order to build reliable and validated tools for the detailed design of an ADS Method Measurement of the most complete set of data on a few selected elements : Fe as shielding component, Pb as target component and U as an example of actinides Improvement and validation of the relevant nuclear physics models on the basis of the new experimental data Generation of evaluated nuclear data libraries ( MeV) and implementation of the high-energy models into high-energy transport codes

11 HINDAS: intermediate energies MeV MeV Example 1: experimental and theoretical work at intermediate energies: MeV nat U(n,dx) Measurements performed at: UCL (Leuven-la-Neuve) KVI (Groningen) TSL (Uppsala) dσ/de (mb/mev) MeV 49.0 MeV 45.0 MeV 41.0 MeV Deuteron energy (MeV) MeV 31.5 MeV 28.5 MeV Deuteron energy (MeV) TALYS calculations GNASH calculations Source: JP Meulders, 2004 (HINDAS)

12 HINDAS: high energies Experimental and theoretical work at high energies (200 MeV 2 GeV) p + Pb? X + y p Even at very high energies, fragmentation residues do not emerge from the target Pb + p? X + y Inverse kinematics: Pb In-flight identification (prior to β decay) All isotopes can be measured Information on the reaction kinematics

13 HINDAS: high energies GSI-Darmstadt Fragment Separator (FRS) Beam monitoring ( SEETRAM ) Thick degrader Positions + time of flight Beam Target (liquid H 2, Ti windows) Magnetic selection Bρ = (A/q).(βγ) Energy loss (Ionization chambers MUSIC ) E Z 2

14 HINDAS: high energies Residues isotopic distributions measured at GSI in inverse kinematics (collaboration: GSI, University of Santiago de Compostella, CEA/DSM, IN2P3) Au (0.8 GeV/A), Pb (1, 0.5 GeV/A), U (1 GeV/A) + p,d Fe (0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 GeV/A) + p Example 2: Pb + p at 1 GeV/A comparison with theory Source: JP Meulders, 2004 (HINDAS)

15 HINDAS: intermediate & high energies Large set of new data between 20 MeV and 2 GeV on Fe, Pb, and U On neutron, charged particle and residue production New model at intermediate energies The TALYS model has shown very encouraging fits to the new data Improvement of models Encouraging behavior of the INCL4 and ABLA models but still important deficiencies High energy transport codes Implementation of the new models in LAHET3, MCNPX and MC4 Applications Neutron production well predicted within 10-15% Calculation of activity, chemical composition modifications more reliable Gas production from experimental data, but still problems with the codes Source: JP Meulders, 2004 (HINDAS)

16 n_tof-nd-ads

17 n_tof-nd-ads Work package Workpackage title Lead contractor Scientist in charge 1 Experimental Area CERN P Cennini 2 Data Acquisition System & Front-End Electronics APC P Assimakopoulos 3 Flux & Monitor detectors INFN N Colonna 4 Design of Beam Characteristics CIEMAT E Gonzalez 5 Set of 4 C 6 D 6 Capture Detectors CEA F Gunsing 6 Liquid. Calorimeter Module CMBR R Ferreira 7 High Performance Calorimeter FZK F Kaeppeler 8 Fission detectors IN2P3 L Tassan-Got 9 Evaluation of required precision PVA C Rubbia 10 Determination of beam characteristics APC P Assimakopoulos 11 Capture X-sections of non-fissionable isotopes FZK F Kaeppeler 12 Capture X-sections of Th-cycle isotopes CEA F Gunsing 13 Capture X-sections of transuranic isotopes CIEMAT E Gonzalez 16 Partners Coordination: CERN 14 Fission X-sections of Th-cycle and Actinides 15 Total X-section measurements 16 (n,xn) X-sections 17 Calibration measurements 18 X-section Evaluation and Modelling IN2P3 IRMM IN2P3 FZK TUW L Tassan-Got P Rullhusen G Rudolf F Kaeppeler H Leeb 19 X-section Databases APC alberto.mengoni@cern.ch P Assimakopoulos

18 CERN accelerator Complex n_tof Linac(s): up to 50 MeV PSB: up to 1 GeV PS: up to 24 GeV alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

19 The n_tof facility at CERN

20 The n_tof facility at CERN Design: the n_tof tunnel movie by V Vlachoudis (CERN) alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

21 n_tof facility in operation Main Main characteristics characteristics of of the the n_tof n_tof neutron neutron beam beam line: line: Exremely Exremely wide wide neutron neutron energy energy range range Extremely Extremely high high istantaneous istantaneous neutron neutron flux flux High High resolution resolution Low Low background background conditions conditions for for capture capture & fission fission measurements measurements Low Low duty duty cycle cycle expecially expecially suited suited for for measurements measurements of of radioactive radioactive samples samples Experiments performed with: Innovative DAQ system Specialy developed detection systems for monitoring & measurements High efficiency 4π γ-ray detector array under construction (Total Absorption Calorimenter, n_tof-tac)

22 Capture 151 Sm 204,206,207,208 Pb 209 Bi 232 Th 24,25,26 Mg 234 U(n,f) 10 n_tof experiments n_tof James Lestone ENDF-B/VI 90,91,92,94,96 Zr 139 La ( 233,234 U, 237 Np, 240,242 Pu, 241,243 Am, 245 Cm in 2004) σ f, barns 1 Fission 233,234,235,236,238 U 232 Th 209 Bi 237 Np 241,243 Am, 245 Cm E7 1E8 E n, ev An unprecedent wide energy range can be explored at n_tof in a single experiment

23 n_tof-05: 05: Bi(n,γ) Outcome: High-resolution capture cross section for 209 Bi(n,γ) parameters of neutron resonances Improved nuclear data libraries for Source: C Domingo Pardo, 2004 (The n_tof Collaboration) alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

24 n_tof-09: fission of TRU 245 Cm(n,f) preliminary results Cm n_tof ENDF pointwise present ENDF/B 600 b 400 counts Source: V Ketlerov, 2004 (The n_tof Collaboration) En, ev alberto.mengoni@cern.ch 0

25 n_tof-09: fission of TRU 237 Np(n,f) preliminary results 2,5 2,0 Np PPAC n_tof ENDF ENDF/B 4,0 3,5 3,0 Counts 1,5 1,0 0,5 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 Fission cross-section 0,5 0,0 0,0 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 Log(E, ev) Source: S Isaev, 2004 (The n_tof Collaboration) alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

26 Not only n_tof: JRC-IRMM GELINA 103 Rh(n,γ) Capture & Transmission FLIGHT PATHS NORD Exp. Transmission (REFIT) ELECTRON LINAC NEUTRON TARGET Neutron Energy / ev FLIGHT PATHS SOUTH Source: P Schillebeeckx, 2004 (IRMM, Geel)

27 Not only n_tof FZK Karlsruhe (n,γ) cross sections on 135 Cs by activation (n,γ) tof measurement on 151 Sm, 139 La NCSR Demokritos, Athens (n,2n) cross section of 232 Th Leuven-la la-neuve + GELINA (n,xn) on Pb with HPGe detectors n_tof-nd-ads Project

28 Conclusion & Directions A consistent improvement of basic nuclear data required for waste transmutation studies have been obtained from the BASTRA cluster activities The contribution of institutions devoted to basic research has been fundamental MUSE (May 2004) HINDAS (December 2003) n_tof-nd-ads (December 2004)? TRADE? NUDATRA? NUDATRA alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

29 The End

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31 The n_tof neutron flux

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34 HINDAS: high energies Residues isotopic distributions measured at GSI in inverse kinematics (collaboration: GSI, University of Santiago de Compostella, CEA/DSM, IN2P3) Au (0.8 GeV/A), Pb (1, 0.5 GeV/A), U (1 GeV/A) + p,d Fe (0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 GeV/A) + p Source: L Audoin, 2004

35 n_tof-07: 07: Th(n,γ) Outcome: High-resolution capture cross section for 232 Th(n,γ) 233 Th in the energy range: 1 ev < E n 1 MeV parameters of p-wave neutron resonances for PNC Improved nuclear data libraries for Th fuel-cycle nuclei Source: F Gunsing, 2003 (n_tof Collaboration) alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

36 Nuclear Data needs for TRU fission Fast neutron spectrum from a Pb/Bi cooled reactor (SBRV-75) loaded with MA Spiro fuel Threshold fissionable cross section Readily fissionable cross section Source: C Rubbia (2003) alberto.mengoni@cern.ch

37 MUSE: multiplication with an external source MASURCA core configuration Source: F Mellier, 2004 (MUSE) West 1 Positions for foil irradiation Radial experimental channels South North Beam guide target Lead buffer Fuel zone Reflector zone Radial shielding 6 2 Axial experimental channels Fixed monitors East 12 06

38 NUCLEAR DATA Nuclear Data Libraries: EXFOR ENDL (ENDF/B, JENDL, JEF, CENDL, BROND, etc.) FENDL ENSDF etc. Main limitations: Energy range: E = 20 MeV Scarce or non-existing data for TRU Limited accuracy for ADS design studies alberto.mengoni@cern.ch