Gravity Probe B Overview
|
|
|
- Emmeline Ferguson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Gravity Probe B Overview Barry Muhlfelder HEPL-AA Seminar June 17, 2009 Page 1 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
2 The Relativity Mission Concept Ω 3GM GI 3R = R ω c R c R R ( v ) + ( ω R ) Mounting Flange Gyro 4 Gyro 3 Geodetic Effect Space-time curvature ("the missing inch") Frame-dragging Effect Guide Star Rotating matter drags space-time ("space-time as a viscous fluid") Star Tracking Telescope Gyro 1 Gyro 2 Quartz block Page 2 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
3 Launch: April 20, :57:24 Stanford Mission Operations Center Page 3 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
4 Measurement of Gyroscope Orientation Relative to Position of Guide Star Telescope gyro Dewar Gyro Probe SQUID spin axis Guide Star Quartz Block Roll Star Reference Telescope Roll: 77.5 seconds HR8703 (IM PEG) Gyro Electronics Page 4 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009 Telescope Electronics Bill Fairbank It s just a star, a telescope, & a spinning sphere
5 The GP-B Challenge Gyroscope (G) 10 7 times better than best 'modeled' inertial navigation gyros Telescope (T) 10 3 times better than best prior star trackers Gyro Readout calibrated to parts in 10 5 G T <1 marc-s subtraction within pointing range Space Basis for 10 7 advance in gyro performance - reduced support force, "drag-free" - roll about line of sight to star Cryogenics - magnetic readout & shielding - thermal & mechanical stability - ultra-high vacuum technology Page 5 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
6 The GP-B Gyroscope Electrical Suspension Gas Spin-up Magnetic Readout Cryogenic Operation Page 6 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
7 Seven Near Zeros Challenge 1: < deg/hr Classical Drift "Drag-free" (cross track) < g met Rotor inhomogeneities < 10-6 met Rotor asphericity < 10 nm met Magnetic field < 10-6 gauss met Pressure < torr met 2 Electric charge < 10 8 electrons met Electric dipole moment 0.1 V-m issue Page 7 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
8 Why go to space? GP-B Performance Space improves gyro accuracy by > 50,000,000! Gyroscope drift 0.05 marcsec/yr Readout error effect 0.08 marcsec/yr Guide star uncertainty 0.09 marcsec/yr Page 8 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
9 Mass-Unbalance & Drag-Free δr ƒ δr 2 ƒ r < v s Ω 5 0 requirement Ω < Ω 0 Drift-rate Torque Moment of Inertia ~ 0.1 marc-s/yr v s = ω s r = 950 cm/s (80 Hz) Ω = T / Iω s T = M ƒ δr I = 2/5 Mr 2 (1.54 x rad/s) On Earth (ƒ = g) Standard satellite (ƒ ~ 10-8 g) GP-B drag-free (ƒ ~ g cross- track average) δr r δr r δr r < 5.8 x (ridiculous) < 5.8 x (unlikely) < 5.8 X 10-6 (straightforward) All GP-B rotors mass unbalance < 10 nm (2 cm radius) or δr r ~ 5 x 10-7 drift-rate for the drag-free GP-B < 0.01 marc-s/yr Page 9 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009 Drag-free eliminates mass-unbalance torque -- and key to understanding/quantification of other support torques
10 Mass Unbalance & Drag Free 7 On-orbit Results Rotor Mass Unbalance < 10 nm for all gyros Drag Free (cross-track g ) Amplitude (nm) Sample Polhode Period, Gyro Elapsed Minutes since Vt = s Position (nm) Force (nn) Force (mn) Science Gyro Position Science Gyro Control Effort Vehicle X Vehicle Y Vehicle Z Drag free off Drag free on Vehicle X Vehicle Y Vehicle Z Vehicle X Vehicle Y Vehicle Z Space Vehicle Thrust Page 10 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009 Minutes Since 08/22/ :05 Acceleration (m/sec 2 ) Control effort, m/sec 2 Gyro 1 - Space Vehicle and Gyro Ctrl Effort - Inertial space (2005/200, 14 days) Gravity gradient Cross-axis avg. 1.1 x g Roll rate X Gyro CE X SV CE 2 Orbit Frequency (Hz)
11 Challenge 2: Sub-milliarc-s Star Tracker Detector Package Page 11 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009 Dual Si Diode Detector
12 Star Tracking Telescope: On-Orbit Telescope Detector Signals from IM Peg Divided by Rooftop Prism ST_SciSlopePX_B ST_SciSlopeMX_B Feedback control maintains spacecraft pointing at balance pt (~20 marcsec inertially) Sample Sequence Page 12 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
13 Challenge 3: Gyro Readout SQUID 1 marc-s in 5 hours 4 Requirements/Goals SQUID noise 190 marc-s/ Hz Centering stability < 50 nm DC trapped flux < 10-6 gauss AC shielding > ~ Requirement Page 13 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
14 Challenge 3: Gyro Readout Calibration Measurement System zero aberration pt. max. aberration Aberration: A Natural Calibration Aberration Orbital motion varying apparent position of star Cause: transverse velocity of telescope to starlight (v orbit /c + special relativity correction) S/V around Earth min period Earth around Sun year period Peak to peak ~ 24 arc-sec Page 14 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
15 Challenge 4: Gyro-Telescope Matching How do we subtract imperfect telescope pointing from the gyro signal? Dither -- Slow 60 marc-s oscillations injected into pointing system { gyro output telescope output G T <1 marc-s subtraction within pointing range scale factors matched for accurate subtraction Scale factor matching allows G-T subtraction to < 1 marcsec Page 15 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
16 Actualities of GP-B Good gyroscopes 10 5 times better than best inertial navigation gyroscopes SQUID noise < expected Trapped magnetic flux meets spec excellent charge control & centering stability τ's ~ 7200 to 26,100 years telescope superb overall performance dewar beats design hold time orbit within 100 m of ideal Less than ideal polhode rate variation misalignment torque resonance torque segmented data interference from ECU out-of-spec pointing New Challenge Systematics & data grading Page 16 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
17 A. Polhode rate variations affect scale factor (C g ) determinations Challenge 5: Data Analysis Subtleties Discovered in early science phase Alex Silbergleit talk July 1 Polhode Period Polhode (hours) Period vs Elapsed (hours) Time (days) since January 1, 2004 Blue - Worden Red - Santiago & Salomon B. Misalignment torques Discovered in post-science calibration phase Mac Keiser talk next week Mean NS Misalignment Misalignment torque structure Mean WE Misalignment Drift Rate Magnitude Misalignment C. Roll-polhode resonance torques Discovered during data reduction phase Mac Keiser talk next week All due to one physical cause (patch effect) Cosine of Roll Frequency (mv) Sine and Cosine at Roll Frequency, Gyro 2, Res 277 Roll-polhode 1.5 resonance path North West Approximate Scale: mas Sine of Roll Frequency (mv) Page 17 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
18 Evolving Polhode Impact on Actual London Moment Readout Gyro Dynamics (spin & polhode) M L Trapped Flux Moment M T London field at 80 Hz: 57.2 μg Gyro μg Gyro μg Trapped fields Gyro μg Gyro μg Trapped flux contributes to readout scale factor Expected prior to launch Adds to London Moment scale factor Trapped flux scale factor modulated by body dynamics (polhode) Evolving polhode prevents averaging or other simple analysis technique Page 18 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
19 polhode I 3 Trapped Flux Mapping: C g Determination ω s 14 Nov 2004 ω s 6 Sept 2004 TFM determines evolving polhode phase to 1 over the full mission Fully resolves gyro scale factor Crucial input for torque analysis I 1 I 2 Alex Silbergleit John Conklin Mac Keiser (Ballhaus AA award) Nov. 2007, Gyro 1, Fit residuals = 14% Aug. 2008, Gyro 1, Fit residuals = 1% Page 19 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
20 Pre-launch investigation Rotor electric dipole moment + field gradient in housing 100 mv contact potentials mitigated by minute grain size, 0.1 μm << 30 μm rotor-electrode gap Kelvin probe measurements on flat samples On-orbit discoveries (Sasha Buchman talk next week) Polhode damping (July 2004) Drag-free z acceleration ( Sept. 2004) Spin down rate > gas damping (Feb. 2005) Misalignment torques (Aug. 2005) Roll-polhode resonance torques (Jan. 2007) Post-launch ground-based investigations Work function profile via UV photoemission Detailed analytical modeling The GPB 'Patch Effect' History SEM image of rotor Nb film average grain size 0.1 μm Work function polar plot rotor surface housing surface Page 20 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
21 1. Expand rotor & housing potentials Using spherical harmonics 2. Derive stored energy Laplace s equation Between rotor & housing Origin of Misalignment & Resonance Torque 3. Find torque: Derivative of the energy WRT angles defining the spin orientation Spin average Sine and Cosine at Roll Frequency, Gyro 2, Res 277 Roll-polhode 1.5 resonance path Sine of Roll Frequency (mv) Roll ave. torque proportional & perpendicular to misalignment Non roll averaged torque when polhode harmonic = roll freq. These torques follow directly from randomly distributed patch potentials Mean NS Misalignment Misalignment torque structure 240 Mean WE Misalignment Cosine of Roll Frequency (mv) Approximate Scale: 50 mas Drift Rate Magnitude Misalignment North West Page 21 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
22 Treating Misalignment Torque The 2 Methods Algebraic: Filtering machinery to explicitly model torques provides separation from relativity Geometric: Plot rates against misalignment phase Φ component of relativity free of misalignment torques A Geometrical Insight Drift rate free of torque parallel to misalignment Gyro misalignment & unperturbed relativity measurement Unperturbed NS drift geodetic Unperturbed linear combination Annual aberration alters torque direction Over time provides geodetic & FD measurement. Φ Unperturbed EW drift (FD) A truly physical modeling process Page 22 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009 Mac Keiser
23 Obtaining Continuous Misalignment History Required to remove effect of misalignment torque Science gyroscopes provide precision misalignment information when guide star occulted Continuous Guide-Star Valid / Guide-Star Invalid misalignment history NS (arc-s) NS & WE vs time G yro 1 M isalignm ent /001-00:01: O rbits 10 GSV G S V GGSI S I NS vs WE GYRO 1 Misalignment /001-00:01: Orbits GSI GSV GSV NS (arcs) WE (arc-s) tim e (h o u rs ) WE (arcs) Page 23 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
24 Early Methods for treating Resonance Torque 1. Excise data during resonances Blue curve shows large drift during resonances Red curve eliminates spikes by excising data Gyro #2 West/East Drift Rates Blue: Resonances not mitigated (SAC 15) Red: Resonances mitigated (SAC 16) Vertical dotted: Resonance times Drift rate (arc sec/yr) 0 2. Model drift during resonances A unique drift rate during each A separate drift rate elsewhere x 10 8 Time (seconds) spans March 1- July 1 Page 24 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
25 Early Results [Nov 07] Gyro 4 Gyro Gyros 1, 3, 4 Gyros 1, 3, combined combined GR prediction GR prediction Gyro 3 Gyro Gyro 1 Gyro Page 25 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
26 Resonance Torque Modeling Limitations Issue: High sensitivity for resonance torque modeling (2007) Leading term in experiment error (relativity rate scatter) First result based upon excluding data within resonance periods Second result: 3x smaller (but still large) sensitivity by linear fit during resonance periods Sine and Cosine at Roll Frequency, Gyro 2, Res 277 Cosine of Roll After Removing DC and Linear Drift, Gyro 2, Res mv mv mas 1 day Sine of Roll Gyroscope 2 From: May 10, 2005, 2am To: May 15, 2005, 5 pm Cosine of Roll Frequency (mv) Modeled drift Approximate Scale: 50 mas North Actual Drift West Orbit Number Sine of Roll Frequency (mv) Next step: Once per orbit model improves sensitivity & experiment error Page 26 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
27 Improved Resonance Torque Modeling Path predicted from rotor & housing potentials Roll averaging fails when ω r = nω p Orientations follow Cornu spiral Magnitude & direction depend on patch distribution, roll & polhode phases at resonance Example: Gyro 2, Resonance 277 Oct 25, Sine and Cosine at Roll Frequency, Gyro 2, Res North Jeff Kolodziejczak Mac Keiser Alex Silbergleit Michael Heifetz Vladimir Solomonik Cosine of Roll Frequency (mv) West Approximate Scale: 50 mas Sine of Roll Frequency (mv) Page 27 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
28 The Science Equations [Aug 2008] Add resonance torque model to equations of motion Follows directly from randomly distributed patch potentials Relativity Misalignment torque Resonance torque Resonance condition Page 28 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009 Treatment of roll-polhode term hinges on TFM
29 Resonance Torque Modeling Implementation Torque coefficients tied to gyro body TFM provides accurate body dynamics profile γ p φ p (in addition to readout scale factor) TFM: body fixed trapped flux as marker Torque model uses TFM polhode Requires accuracy for tracking high order polhode harmonics Body dynamics determined from TFM is KEY Page 29 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
30 Full Model Results as of Dec 08 N-S (Geodetic) E-W (Frame-dragging) G1 G2 G3 G4 (note: different y-axis scale for N-S vs. E-W) Page 30 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
31 Page 31 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009 Full Model Results as of Dec 08
32 Full Model Results as of Dec 08 - II Requires incorporation of systematic uncertainty evaluation Page 32 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
33 Independent SuperGeometric Results 1 R NS & R WE Gyro #4 20 North-South Deflection of Light R R NS WE = 6631± 16mas/yr = 77± 14mas/yr milli-arc-sec Gravitational deflection of light 20 West-East Deflection of Light milli-arc-sec a a day guide star orbital motion NS WE = 1.65± 0.14mas = 0.11± 0.12mas b b NS WE = 0.36± 0.14mas = 0.61± 0.13mas Time (days) from Jan. 1, 2005 Result to date λ =1.20± 0.17 Page 33 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
34 Advanced Investigations of Systematics Improved science modeling Exact treatment of readout nonlinearities Thermal correlations 2-sec processing Detailed gyro-to-gyro comparisons Page 34 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
35 Are we done? Current 2 floor 4-gyro result ~ 5 marcs/yr (statistical uncertainty) limited by { once-per-orbit time step 3 out of 10 segments (158 days vs. 333 days) Fundamental & operational limits SQUID noise marcs/yr (gyro dependent) Covariance ~ 1-2 marcs/yr (4 gyros combined) Gyro 2: Orientation EW (worst case example) Note: noiseless trajectory shown. Noise must be added for complete evaluation 9 marcs p-p variation Accurate integration requires time step << 1 orbit parallel processing Page 35 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
36 Advanced (2-sec) Filter Development Two simultaneous development activities Co-PI Charbel Farhat Serial processing accuracy 1 built on 4-years experience with 2-floor (once per orbit) filter accurately models the physical phenomena has passed truth test Parallel processing speed 2 ~ 10x faster (3 day analysis overnight) requires computer cluster ~ 10% modified/additional code Talk by Michael Heifetz July 29 Page 36 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009 Michael Heifetz Badr Alsuwaidan Majid Almeshari John Conklin Vladimir Solomonik
37 Upcoming GPB Talks June 24 Sasha Buchman Evidence for patch effect Mac Keiser Torques & analysis treatment July 1 Alex Silbergleit Trapped flux mapping July 29 Michael Heifetz Data Analysis Past, Journey Page 37 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
38 Path to Completion Serial 2-sec processing (applied to data subset) Aug 09 Complete transition to parallel processing Oct 09 Extension from 5, 6, 9 (applied to full data set) Dec 09 Complete treatment of systematics Jan 10 Blind test against SAO guide star orbital motion Feb 10 Grand synthesis of Geometric & Algebraic results approach ~ 1-2 marcs/yr 4-gyro limit Jun 10 Final results to be announced at Fairbank Workshop on Fundamental Physics & Innovative Engineering in Space Aug 10 Page 38 GPB Overview HEPL Seminar, June 17, 2009
Gravity Probe B Data Analysis Challenges, Insights, and Results
Gravity Probe B Data Analysis Challenges, Insights, and Results Mac Keiser April 15, 27 April 15, 27 Jacksonville, FL 1 Topics Data Analysis Strategy and Methods Challenges and Insights Trapped Magnetic
The Design and On-orbit Performance of the Relativity Mission Gyroscopes
The Design and On-orbit Performance of the Relativity Mission Gyroscopes Sasha Buchman, Stanford University Symposium on Gyro Technology 2010 Karlsruhe, September 21 st 2010 1 2 642 km Guide Star IM Pegasi
Gravity Probe B: Interim Report & First Results. APS Meeting Jacksonville, FL. Francis Everitt. 14 April Page 1
Gravity Probe B: Interim Report & First Results APS Meeting Jacksonville, FL 14 April 2007 Francis Everitt Page 1 The Relativity Mission Concept 1 marc-sec/yr = 3.2 10-11 deg/hr width of a human hair seen
Polhode Motion, Trapped Flux, and the GP-B Science Data Analysis. Alex Silbergleit, John Conklin
Polhode Motion, Trapped Flux, and the GP-B Science Data Analysis Alex Silbergleit, John Conklin and the Polhode/Trapped Flux Mapping Task Team Outline 1. Gyro Polhode Motion, Trapped Flux, and GP-B Readout
Gravity Probe B. Presentation at KACST-Stanford Collaborative Space Research Workshop. October 25, 2008 C.W. Francis Everitt
Gravity Probe B Presentation at KACST-Stanford Collaborative Space Research Workshop October 25, 2008 C.W. Francis Everitt Page 1 KACST, October 25, 2008 The Relativity Mission Concept Ω 3GM = R GI 3R
Gravitational Physics. Experiments in Space. Sasha Buchman Stanford University. Lisbon & Porto, STAR 2015 Space Time Asymmetry Research
Gravitational Physics STAR 2015 Space Time Asymmetry Research Experiments in Space Sasha Buchman Stanford University Lisbon & Porto, 2010 GP-B, 2004-2005 Relativity Mission, Gravity Probe B LISA, 2025
GP-B Attitude and Translation Control. John Mester Stanford University
GP-B Attitude and Translation Control John Mester Stanford University 1 The GP-B Challenge Gyroscope (G) 10 7 times better than best 'modeled' inertial navigation gyros Telescope (T) 10 3 times better
Gravity Probe B. Presentation at KACST-Stanford Collaborative Space Research Workshop. October 25, 2008 C.W. Francis Everitt
Gravity Probe B Presentation at KACST-Stanford Collaborative Space Research Workshop October 25, 2008 C.W. Francis Everitt Page 1 KACST, October 25, 2008 The Relativity Mission Concept Ù 3GM = R GI 3R
The Stanford Gravitational Reference Sensor
The Stanford Gravitational Reference Sensor S. Buchman, B. Allard, G. Allen, R. Byer, W. Davis, D. DeBra, D. Gill, J. Hanson, G.M. Keiser, D. Lauben, I. Mukhar, N. A. Robertson, B. Shelef, K. Sun, S. Williams
From an experimental idea to a satellite
From an experimental idea to a satellite Hansjörg Dittus Institute of Space Systems, Bremen German Aerospace Center Looking back in History Yukawa potential Gravity at large scales Weak gravity Nordtvedt
Gravity Probe B data analysis: III. Estimation tools and analysis results
Classical and Quantum Gravity PAPER OPEN ACCESS Gravity Probe B data analysis: III. Estimation tools and analysis results To cite this article: 2015 Class. Quantum Grav. 32 224020 View the article online
GP-B Telescope. John Mester. Stanford University
GP-B Telescope John Mester Stanford University 1 EXTERNAL REFERENCE Gyro spin indicates direction in local inertial frame Need to compare to external reference Line of sight to guide star 2 Overview Star
Inertial Frame frame-dragging
Frame Dragging Frame Dragging An Inertial Frame is a frame that is not accelerating (in the sense of proper acceleration that would be detected by an accelerometer). In Einstein s theory of General Relativity
GREX Gravity probe B Mission present status. Nice octobre Pierre Touboul with support from Rodney Torïi (Stanford University)
GREX 2004 Nice 28-30 octobre 2004 1 - Pierre Touboul - Ecole d été Géodésie spatiale - 2 septembre 2002-1 Pierre Touboul with support from Rodney Torïi (Stanford University) ONERA - Physics and Instrumentation
Precision Attitude and Translation Control Design and Optimization
Precision Attitude and Translation Control Design and Optimization John Mester and Saps Buchman Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A. Abstract Future
Science Advisory Committee Meeting September 4, 2009 Stanford University. Technology Outreach. John Mester. 10- Technology Outreach
Technology Outreach John Mester 1 GP-B Technology Outreach Task Group on GP-B, Space Studies Board NRC, 1995 Concluding Observation: Technology Transfer» The task group strongly urges that the technology
Technology Readiness Level:
Technology Readiness Level: We plan to raise the TRL of the model with an acceleration noise performance requirement of < 10-12 m sec -2 Hz -1/2 at frequencies between 1 mhz and 1 Hz, from TRL 3 to TRL
AS3010: Introduction to Space Technology
AS3010: Introduction to Space Technology L E C T U R E 22 Part B, Lecture 22 19 April, 2017 C O N T E N T S Attitude stabilization passive and active. Actuators for three axis or active stabilization.
INTERNAL THALES ALENIA SPACE
Workshop Galileo Galilei (GG) and GGG lab prototype: state of the art and new possibilities Template reference : 100181670S-EN GG error budget from the end-to-end simulator developed at TAS-I Giuseppe
Gravity Probe B. Aero - Astro 50 th Anniversary. Francis Everitt. The Engineering of a Physics Experiment in Space & the Role of Students in it
Gravity Probe B The Engineering of a Physics Experiment in Space & the Role of Students in it Aero - Astro 50 th Anniversary Francis Everitt May 9, 2008 Page 1 AA May 7, 2008 The Relativity Mission Concept
2 Each satellite will have two test masses, each being the end mirror for an interferometer.
Ground Testing for LISA Test Masses with a Torsion Pendulum Matthew Schmidt Valdosta State University International REU: University of Trento, Italy Advisor: Dr. Bill Weber Abstract: One of the most important
Testing Einstein with Orbiting Gyroscopes. Francis Everitt. Symposium on Geometry & the Universe. Stony Brook October 2005
Testing Einstein with Orbiting Gyroscopes [+ some remarks on STEP] Symposium on Geometry & the Universe Stony Brook 20-21 October 2005 Francis Everitt Page 1 Roadmap for a Gravity Probe GP-B & the drama
EE565:Mobile Robotics Lecture 6
EE565:Mobile Robotics Lecture 6 Welcome Dr. Ahmad Kamal Nasir Announcement Mid-Term Examination # 1 (25%) Understand basic wheel robot kinematics, common mobile robot sensors and actuators knowledge. Understand
Testing Einstein in Space: The Gravity Probe B Mission. Francis Everitt. A Stanford "Brainstorm" with NASA MSFC & Industry. 18 May 2006.
Testing Einstein in Space: The Gravity Probe B Mission A Stanford "Brainstorm" with NASA MSFC & Industry Francis Everitt 18 May 2006 Page 1 The Relativity Mission Concept "If at first the idea is not absurd,
FIBER OPTIC GYRO-BASED ATTITUDE DETERMINATION FOR HIGH- PERFORMANCE TARGET TRACKING
FIBER OPTIC GYRO-BASED ATTITUDE DETERMINATION FOR HIGH- PERFORMANCE TARGET TRACKING Elias F. Solorzano University of Toronto (Space Flight Laboratory) Toronto, ON (Canada) August 10 th, 2016 30 th AIAA/USU
1 2 Models, Theories, and Laws 1.5 Distinguish between models, theories, and laws 2.1 State the origin of significant figures in measurement
Textbook Correlation Textbook Correlation Physics 1115/2015 Chapter 1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 1.1 Describe thoughts of Aristotle vs. Galileo in describing motion 1 1 Nature of Science 1.2
Gravitational & Planetary Research Program
2012 Gravitational & Planetary Research Program Goals Why? Relativity, Gravitational Waves, Geodesy, Aeronomy Space Technology Education and Training: STEM Team Who? NASA Universities Industry Foreign
Generation X. Attitude Control Systems (ACS) Aprille Ericsson Dave Olney Josephine San. July 27, 2000
Generation X Attitude Control Systems (ACS) Aprille Ericsson Dave Olney Josephine San July 27, 2000 ACS Overview Requirements Assumptions Disturbance Torque Assessment Component and Control Mode Recommendations
The Swarm Vector Field Magnetometer (VFM): instrument commissioning & performance assessment José M. G. Merayo
instrument commissioning & performance assessment José M. G. Merayo DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark Division Measurement & Instrumentation Systems overview Fluxgate principle Amorphous magnetic
Proper Motion of the GP-B Guide Star
Proper Motion of the GP-B Guide Star Irwin Shapiro, Daniel Lebach, Michael Ratner: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Norbert Bartel, Michael Bietenholz, Jerusha Lederman, Ryan Ransom: York University;
Experiment Design and Performance. G. Catastini TAS-I (BUOOS)
Experiment Design and Performance G. Catastini TAS-I (BUOOS) 10 EP and the GRT Einstein s General Relativity Theory Weak Equivalence Principle: all test particles at the same space-time point in a given
The Gravity Probe B electrostatic gyroscope suspension system (GSS)
Classical and Quantum Gravity PAPER OPEN ACCESS The Gravity Probe B electrostatic gyroscope suspension system (GSS) To cite this article: 2015 Class. Quantum Grav. 32 224005 View the article online for
The Airborne Gyroscope
The Airborne Gyroscope Chris Hodgson and Paul Hughes Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL First Year Laboratory Report Nov 3 Abstract Gyroscopic motion involves
Control of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Control of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna P. G. Maghami, T. T. Hyde NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Guidance, Navigation and Control Division Greenbelt, MD 20771 J. Kim Swales Aerospace, Inc.
Stanford, Space Gravity Research Group
Stanford, Space Gravity Research Group John W. Conklin, Sasha Buchman, and Robert Byer Gravitational science Earth observation: Geodesy, aeronomy Gravity-waves 1 Space Gravity Technology Development Drag-free
Spacecraft Bus / Platform
Spacecraft Bus / Platform Propulsion Thrusters ADCS: Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem Shield CDH: Command and Data Handling Subsystem Payload Communication Thermal Power Structure and Mechanisms
Orbit Representation
7.1 Fundamentals 223 For this purpose, code-pseudorange and carrier observations are made of all visible satellites at all monitor stations. The data are corrected for ionospheric and tropospheric delays,
HYPER Industrial Feasibility Study Final Presentation Orbit Selection
Industrial Feasibility Study Final Presentation Orbit Selection Steve Kemble Astrium Ltd. 6 March 2003 Mission Analysis Lense Thiring effect and orbit requirements Orbital environment Gravity Atmospheric
Astrophysics & Gravitational Physics with the LISA Mission
Astrophysics & Gravitational Physics with the LISA Mission Peter L. Bender JILA, University of Colorado, and NIST Workshop on Robotic Science from the Moon Boulder, CO 5-6 October, 2010 LISA Overview The
Tentative Physics 1 Standards
Tentative Physics 1 Standards Mathematics MC1. Arithmetic: I can add, subtract, multiply, and divide real numbers, take their natural and common logarithms, and raise them to real powers and take real
5.12 The Aerodynamic Assist Trajectories of Vehicles Propelled by Solar Radiation Pressure References...
1 The Two-Body Problem... 1 1.1 Position of the Problem... 1 1.2 The Conic Sections and Their Geometrical Properties... 12 1.3 The Elliptic Orbits... 20 1.4 The Hyperbolic and Parabolic Trajectories...
MAE 142 Homework #5 Due Friday, March 13, 2009
MAE 142 Homework #5 Due Friday, March 13, 2009 Please read through the entire homework set before beginning. Also, please label clearly your answers and summarize your findings as concisely as possible.
Recap: Solid Rotational Motion (Chapter 8) displacement velocity acceleration Newton s 2nd law τ = I.α N.s τ = F. l moment of inertia mass size
Recap: Solid Rotational Motion (Chapter 8) We have developed equations to describe rotational displacement θ, rotational velocity ω and rotational acceleration α. We have used these new terms to modify
Sensors: a) Gyroscope. Micro Electro-Mechanical (MEM) Gyroscopes: (MEM) Gyroscopes. Needs:
Sensors: Needs: Data redundancy Data for both situations: eclipse and sun Question of sampling frequency Location and size/weight Ability to resist to environment Low consumption Low price a) Gyroscope
Direct MOND/TEVES test with LISA Pathfinder
Direct MOND/TEVES test with LISA Pathfinder Christian Trenkel and Steve Kemble Astrium Ltd, Stevenage, UK Joao Magueijo and Neil Bevis Imperial College, London, UK Fabrizio io demarchi and Giuseppe Congedo
Shally Saraf, Stanford University
LAser GRavitational-wave ANtenna in GEocentric Orbit Shally Saraf, Stanford University for the LAGRANGE team Background LAser GRavitational-wave ANtenna in GEocentric Orbit was proposed originally as a
Physics I. Unit 1 Methods in Science (Systems of Units) Competencies (Do) Students should be able to demonstrate scientific methods.
Physics I Unit 1 Methods in Science (Systems of Units) Estimated Time Frame Big Ideas for Units 10 Days Tools are needed for the study of Physics, such as measurement, conversions, significant figures,
Month. March APRIL. The Orchid School Baner Weekly Syllabus Overview Std : XI Subject : Physics. Activities/ FAs Planned.
The Orchid School Baner Weekly Syllabus Overview 2015-2016 Std : XI Subject : Physics Month Lesson / Topic Expected Learning Objective Activities/ FAs Planned Remark March Physical World and Measurement
Catapult tests for microgravity characterization of the MICROSCOPE accelerometers. Manuel Rodrigues On behalf ONERA & ZARM team
Catapult tests for microgravity characterization of the MICROSCOPE accelerometers Manuel Rodrigues mrodrig@onera.fr On behalf ONERA & ZARM team 1 Instrument Description SU sqm Sensor Unit (SU) = differential
Calculating Accurate Waveforms for LIGO and LISA Data Analysis
Calculating Accurate Waveforms for LIGO and LISA Data Analysis Lee Lindblom Theoretical Astrophysics, Caltech HEPL-KIPAC Seminar, Stanford 17 November 2009 Results from the Caltech/Cornell Numerical Relativity
8.012 Physics I: Classical Mechanics Fall 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 8.012 Physics I: Classical Mechanics Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE
Integrated Test Facility for Nanosat Assessment and Verification
Integrated Test Facility for Nanosat Assessment and Verification Steve Wassom, Quinn Young, Bryan Bingham, Rees Fullmer, Mitch Whiteley, Robert Burt, Mike Watson, Tom Ortiz, Joe Richards, Sam Wilcox Utah
Remote Imaging of Electron Acceleration at the Sun with a Lunar Radio Array
Remote Imaging of Electron Acceleration at the Sun with a Lunar Radio Array J. Kasper Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 6 October 2010 Robotic Science From the Moon: Gravitational Physics, Heliophysics
Measuring the Whirling of Spacetime
Measuring the Whirling of Spacetime Lecture series on Experimental Gravity (revised version) Kostas Glampedakis Prologue: does spin gravitate? M 1 M 2 System I: F = GM 1M 2 r 2 J 1 J 2 System II: M 1?
MODEL TEST - 1 PHYSICS
MODEL TEST - 1 PHYSICS [Time: 3 Hrs] [Max. Marks: 70] Note: 1. All questions are compulsory. 2. Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks. 4. Use of only
Fundamentals of High Accuracy Inertial Navigation Averil B. Chatfield Table of Contents
Navtech Part #2440 Preface Fundamentals of High Accuracy Inertial Navigation Averil B. Chatfield Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction...... 1 I. Forces Producing Motion.... 1 A. Gravitation......
FORMATIONS NEAR THE LIBRATION POINTS: DESIGN STRATEGIES USING NATURAL AND NON-NATURAL ARCS K. C. Howell and B. G. Marchand
1 FORMATIONS NEAR THE LIBRATION POINTS: DESIGN STRATEGIES USING NATURAL AND NON-NATURAL ARCS K. C. Howell and B. G. Marchand Formations Near the Libration Points ŷ ˆx Moon L 2 Deputy S/C (Orbit Chief Vehicle)
A Stellar Gyroscope for CubeSat Attitude Determination
A Stellar Gyroscope for CubeSat Attitude Determination Samir A. Rawashdeh and James E. Lumpp, Jr. Space Systems Laboratory University of Kentucky James Barrington-Brown and Massimiliano Pastena SSBV Space
Design of Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem
Design of Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem 1) Control Modes and Requirements Control Modes: Control Modes Explanation 1 ) Spin-Up Mode - Acquisition of Stability through spin-up maneuver -
LISA Pathfinder Coldgas Thrusters
LISA Pathfinder Coldgas Thrusters Joseph Martino/Eric Plagnol - LPF collaboration Lisa Symposium September 2016 Zurich Outline System Description External Disturbances and thruster noise In Flight dedicated
= o + t = ot + ½ t 2 = o + 2
Chapters 8-9 Rotational Kinematics and Dynamics Rotational motion Rotational motion refers to the motion of an object or system that spins about an axis. The axis of rotation is the line about which the
Course Name: AP Physics. Team Names: Jon Collins. Velocity Acceleration Displacement
Course Name: AP Physics Team Names: Jon Collins 1 st 9 weeks Objectives Vocabulary 1. NEWTONIAN MECHANICS and lab skills: Kinematics (including vectors, vector algebra, components of vectors, coordinate
SAMCEF For ROTORS. Chapter 1 : Physical Aspects of rotor dynamics. This document is the property of SAMTECH S.A. MEF A, Page 1
SAMCEF For ROTORS Chapter 1 : Physical Aspects of rotor dynamics This document is the property of SAMTECH S.A. MEF 101-01-A, Page 1 Table of Contents rotor dynamics Introduction Rotating parts Gyroscopic
28. Motion in a Non-inertial Frame of Reference
8 Motion in a Non-inertial Frame of Reference Michael Fowler The Lagrangian in Accelerating and Rotating Frames This section concerns the motion of a single particle in some potential U( r ) in a non-inertial
Name (please print): UW ID# score last first
Name (please print): UW ID# score last first Question I. (20 pts) Projectile motion A ball of mass 0.3 kg is thrown at an angle of 30 o above the horizontal. Ignore air resistance. It hits the ground 100
Astronomy 6570 Physics of the Planets
Astronomy 6570 Physics of the Planets Planetary Rotation, Figures, and Gravity Fields Topics to be covered: 1. Rotational distortion & oblateness 2. Gravity field of an oblate planet 3. Free & forced planetary
Hermanus Magnetic Observatory
Hermanus Magnetic Observatory A facility of the National Research Foundation Magnetic Results 2009 Hermanus, Hartebeesthoek and Keetmanshoop observatories 1. INTRODUCTION The Hermanus Magnetic Observatory
Gravity Waves and Black Holes
Gravity Waves and Black Holes Mike Whybray Orwell Astronomical Society (Ipswich) 14 th March 2016 Overview Introduction to Special and General Relativity The nature of Black Holes What to expect when Black
Calibration of an Ultra-High Accuracy Polarimeter at the Part-Per-Million Level
Calibration of an Ultra-High Accuracy Polarimeter at the Part-Per-Million Level Sloane J. Wiktorowicz The Aerospace Corporation Calcon Technical Meeting August 24, 2016 2016 The Aerospace Corporation Ultra-High
Single Particle Motion
Single Particle Motion C ontents Uniform E and B E = - guiding centers Definition of guiding center E gravitation Non Uniform B 'grad B' drift, B B Curvature drift Grad -B drift, B B invariance of µ. Magnetic
PRECESSIONS IN RELATIVITY
PRECESSIONS IN RELATIVITY COSTANTINO SIGISMONDI University of Rome La Sapienza Physics dept. and ICRA, Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Rome, Italy. e-mail: sigismondi@icra.it From Mercury s perihelion precession
Searching for non-newtonian forces with optically levitated microspheres!
Searching for non-newtonian forces with optically levitated microspheres!! David Moore, Alexander Rider, Marie Lu, Giorgio Gratta! Stanford University! Testing Gravity 2015! Introduction! Searches for
The Cosmic Barber: Counting Gravitational Hair in the Solar System and beyond. Clifford Will Washington University, St. Louis
The Cosmic Barber: Counting Gravitational Hair in the Solar System and beyond Clifford Will Washington University, St. Louis Testing GR with Astrophysical Systems May 17, 2012 Counting Gravitational Hair
AA 528 Spacecraft Dynamics and Control. Mehran Mesbahi Aeronautics & Astronautics Winter 2017 University of Washington
AA 528 Spacecraft Dynamics and Control Mehran Mesbahi Aeronautics & Astronautics Winter 2017 University of Washington Spacecraft dynamics and control What is this class all about? what is in the name?
Numerical Modeling of the Dynamics of a Tether Stack in Towed Active Debris Removal
Numerical Modeling of the Dynamics of a Tether Stack in Towed Active Debris Removal Pierre van Hauwaert; R.Tech Engineering B.V James Beck, Ian Holbrough; Belstead Research Ltd David Evans, Fluid Gravity
Gyroscopes and statics
Gyroscopes and statics Announcements: Welcome back from Spring Break! CAPA due Friday at 10pm We will finish Chapter 11 in H+R on angular momentum and start Chapter 12 on stability. Friday we will begin
airplanes need Air Rocket Propulsion, 2 Rocket Propulsion Recap: conservation of Momentum
Announcements. HW6 due March 4.. Prof. Reitze office hour this week: Friday 3 5 pm 3. Midterm: grades posted in e-learning solutions and grade distribution posted on website if you want to look at your
LIGO Status and Advanced LIGO Plans. Barry C Barish OSTP 1-Dec-04
LIGO Status and Advanced LIGO Plans Barry C Barish OSTP 1-Dec-04 Science Goals Physics» Direct verification of the most relativistic prediction of general relativity» Detailed tests of properties of gravitational
AIM RS: Radio Science Investigation with AIM
Prepared by: University of Bologna Ref. number: ALMARS012016 Version: 1.0 Date: 08/03/2017 PROPOSAL TO ESA FOR AIM RS Radio Science Investigation with AIM ITT Reference: Partners: Radio Science and Planetary
EE C245 / ME C218 INTRODUCTION TO MEMS DESIGN FALL 2011 C. Nguyen PROBLEM SET #7. Table 1: Gyroscope Modeling Parameters
Issued: Wednesday, Nov. 23, 2011. PROBLEM SET #7 Due (at 7 p.m.): Thursday, Dec. 8, 2011, in the EE C245 HW box in 240 Cory. 1. Gyroscopes are inertial sensors that measure rotation rate, which is an extremely
Single particle motion and trapped particles
Single particle motion and trapped particles Gyromotion of ions and electrons Drifts in electric fields Inhomogeneous magnetic fields Magnetic and general drift motions Trapped magnetospheric particles
Probing Magnetic Fields in the Solar Convection Zone with Meridional Flow
Probing Magnetic Fields in the Solar Convection Zone with Meridional Flow Zhi-Chao Liang 22 Dec. 2015, MPS, Göttingen Liang, Z.-C. & Chou, D.-Y., 2015, Probing Magnetic Fields at the Base of the Solar
EF 151 Final Exam, Fall, 2011 Page 1 of 11
EF 5 Final Exam, Fall, 0 Page of Instructions Do not open or turn over the exam until instructed to do so. Name, and section will be written on the st page of the exam after time starts. Do not leave your
Storyboards for GP-B Animations Bob Kahn & James Overduin July 6, 2007
Storyboards for GP-B Animations Bob Kahn & James Overduin July 6, 2007 Changes in this Version: Scene 4 - Slide 5b Corrected; See page 24. July 6, 2007 GP-B Animation Storyboards Page 1 Seven GP-B Animation
New Worlds Observer Final Report Appendix J. Appendix J: Trajectory Design and Orbit Determination Lead Author: Karen Richon
Appendix J: Trajectory Design and Orbit Determination Lead Author: Karen Richon The two NWO spacecraft will orbit about the libration point created by the Sun and Earth/Moon barycenter at the far side
Physics Overview. Assessments Assessments Adopted from course materials Teacher-created assessments Standard Physical Science
Physics Curriculum Physics Overview Course Description Physics is the study of the physical world and is a mathematical application of science. The study includes an investigation of translational and
Attitude Determination System of Small Satellite
Attitude Determination System of Small Satellite Satellite Research Centre Jiun Wei Chia, M. Sheral Crescent Tissera and Kay-Soon Low School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 24 th October
AP PHYSICS 1 Learning Objectives Arranged Topically
AP PHYSICS 1 Learning Objectives Arranged Topically with o Big Ideas o Enduring Understandings o Essential Knowledges o Learning Objectives o Science Practices o Correlation to Knight Textbook Chapters
EE C245 / ME C218 INTRODUCTION TO MEMS DESIGN FALL 2009 PROBLEM SET #7. Due (at 7 p.m.): Thursday, Dec. 10, 2009, in the EE C245 HW box in 240 Cory.
Issued: Thursday, Nov. 24, 2009 PROBLEM SET #7 Due (at 7 p.m.): Thursday, Dec. 10, 2009, in the EE C245 HW box in 240 Cory. 1. Gyroscopes are inertial sensors that measure rotation rate, which is an extremely
arxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 16 Nov 2015
![arxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 16 Nov 2015](/thumbs/83/87802906.jpg "arxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 16 Nov 2015")
Newtorites in bar detectors of gravitational wave arxiv:1511.04882v1 [physics.ins-det] 16 Nov 2015 Francesco Ronga (ROG collaboration) 1 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati via Fermi, Frascati I 00044,
Examination, course FY2450 Astrophysics Wednesday 23 rd May, 2012 Time:
Page 1 of 18 The Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Physics Contact person Name: Robert Hibbins Tel: 93551, mobile: 94 82 08 34 Examination, course FY2450 Astrophysics Wednesday
PHYSICS Final Exam
Name: Answer Key PHYSICS 1210-04 Final Exam University of Wyoming 2 May 2012 1. (10 points) A cannonball is fired with a speed of 75 m/s at an angle of 30 above horizontal. It lands at its starting height
History of Physics: History of Physics: - Identify the contributions of key figures in the history of physics.
Texas University Interscholastic League Contest Event: Science (Physics) The contest challenges students to read widely in physics, to understand the significance of experiments rather than to recall obscure
Oscillatory Motion. Solutions of Selected Problems
Chapter 15 Oscillatory Motion. Solutions of Selected Problems 15.1 Problem 15.18 (In the text book) A block-spring system oscillates with an amplitude of 3.50 cm. If the spring constant is 250 N/m and
Nuclear spin maser with a novel masing mechanism and its application to the search for an atomic EDM in 129 Xe
Nuclear spin maser with a novel masing mechanism and its application to the search for an atomic EDM in 129 Xe A. Yoshimi RIKEN K. Asahi, S. Emori, M. Tsukui, RIKEN, Tokyo Institute of Technology Nuclear
Vector mechanics PHY1021: Jan 2011 exam- Hints and tips. Lecturer: Dr. Stavroula Foteinopoulou
Vector mechanics PHY1021: Jan 2011 exam- Hints and tips Lecturer: Dr. Stavroula Foteinopoulou 1(i) W
CHAPTER 10 Techniques for Background Measurement and Mosaicing
CHAPTER 10 Techniques for Background Measurement and Mosaicing In This Chapter... Introduction / 139 Chopping and Dithering Strategies / 141 Chopping and Dithering Patterns / 143 Examples / 147 Orienting
Status and Calibration of the erosita X ray Telescope
Status and Calibration of the erosita X ray Telescope Vadim Burwitz Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik on behalf of the erosita Team IACHEC, Lake Arrowhead, USA, 29 Mar 2017 Spektr Rentgen
Spacecraft Attitude Control using CMGs: Singularities and Global Controllability
1 / 28 Spacecraft Attitude Control using CMGs: Singularities and Global Controllability Sanjay Bhat TCS Innovation Labs Hyderabad International Workshop on Perspectives in Dynamical Systems and Control
43. A person sits on a freely spinning lab stool that has no friction in its axle. When this person extends her arms,
43. A person sits on a freely spinning lab stool that has no friction in its axle. When this person extends her arms, A) her moment of inertia increases and her rotational kinetic energy remains the same.