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2 &! ' "% " ' Estimation of Soil Suction Using Salt Solutions Method and Filter Paper O. Al-Shihabi () ABSTRACT Determining soil suction at different levels of water content is very important in estimating the available water for plants and studying the movement of water, nutritive elements and pollutants in porous media like soil at its unsaturated state. Different methods have been used for estimating soil suction, but most of them are difficult and time consuming. In this paper tow methods were applied, one based on imposing suction called (Salt solutions method) and the second based on measuring an existing suction called (Filter papers method). Both of them are carried out on different types of soils, after drawing soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) using the first method, the filter papers was calibrated using the same method. After that, this calibrated kind of filter papers was used to estimate the suction of the studied soils at different levels of water content and compared with their SWCC. The obtained results were close enough to encourage the use of filter papers method, which is simple and saves time, in measuring soil suction. Key words: Soil suction, Soil water characteristic curve SWCC, Salt solutions method, Filter paper method. () Soil science department, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O.Box 06, Damascus University, Syria. 60

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18 &! ' "% " ' REFERENCES K Chandler, R. J. and C. I. Gutierrz, 986. The Filter Paper Method of Suction Measurements, Geotechnique, Vol. 6, pp Fredlund, D. G. and H. Rahardjo, 99. Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Gardner, R. 97. A Method of Measuring the Capillary Tension of Soil Moisture Over a Wide Moisture Range, Soil Science, Vol., No., pp Goldberg, R. N. and R. L. Nuttall, 978. Evaluated Activity and Osmotic Coefficients for Aqueous Solutions: The Alkaline Earth Metal Halides, Journal of Physics and Chemistry Reference Data, Vol. 7, No., pp Goldberg, R. N., 98. Evaluated Activity and Osmotic Coefficients for AqueousSolutions: Thirty-six Uni-Bivalent Electrolytes, Journal of Physics and Chemistry Reference Data, Vol. 0, No., pp Hamblin, A. P., 98. Filter Paper Method for Routine Measurement of Field Water Potential, Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 5, No. /, pp Hamer, W. J. and Y.-C Wu, 97. Osmotic Coefficients and Mean Activity Coefficients of Uni-Univalent Electrolytes in Water at 5oC, Journal of Physics and Chemistry Reference Data, Vol., No., pp Houston, S. L., W. N. Houston and A. M. Wagner, 99. Laboratory Filter Paper Measurements, Geotechnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, Vol. 7, No., pp Lang, A. R. G., 967. Osmotic Coefficients and Water Potentials of Sodium Chloride Solutions from 0 to 0oC, Australian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 0, pp McKeen, R. G., 980. Field Studies of Airport Pavement on Expansive Clay, Proceedings th International Conference on Expansive Soils, Vol., pp.- 6, ASCE, Denver, Colorado. Rifat Bulut, L. Lytton Robert and K. Wray Warren, 00. " Soil Suction Measurements By Filter Paper," Proceedings of Geo-Institute Shallow Foundation and Soil Properties Committee Sessions at the ASCE 00 Civil Engineering Conference, pp. -6. Rifat Bulut and K. Wray Warren, 005. "Free Energy of Water-Suction-In Filter Papers, Geotechnical Testing Journal July 005, Vol. 8, No.. Schofield, R. K., 95. The pf of the Water in Soil, Transactions, rd International Congress of Soil Science, Vol., pp Swarbrick, G. E Measurement of Soil Suction Using the Filter PaperMethod First International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Eds.: E. E. Received 009/07/ 05 M I) Accepted for Publ. 00/05/ + M 76