System Design and Lift Traffic Analysis
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- Rosamond Atkins
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1 Sysem Desgn nd Lf Trffc Anlyss IMechE CPD Cerfce Course 7 Dec, 06
2 Idel Knemcs () 3 Idel Knemcs () 4
3 Idel Knemcs (3) Tme for Jerk Acc Jerk v 5 Idel Knemcs (4) 6
4 7 Tme ken o comlee ourney of dsnce d wh o seed of v, o cceleron nd o erk cn be clculed s follows under hree dfferen condons: Le s derve he frs relonsh 8
5 9 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) V V D V V V D V V d d d V V v d v v V v v V V v d d d d v d me Tol unl rvelled dsnce Tol 6 6 ) (, o From, o From ) ( nd 6 6 he frs exmle se v v ; ; 0
6 Cr Poson durng -ek Cr Poson durng Down-ek
7 3 4
8 Termnology door closng me ( c ) - erod mesured from he nsn he cr doors sr o close unl he doors re locked; door oenng me ( o ) - erod mesured from he nsn h he cr doors sr o oen unl hey re oen 800 mm; nervl (IT) - erod beween successve cr rrvls he mn ermnl wh crs loded o ny vlue; erformnce me (T) - erod beween he nsn he cr doors sr o close nd he nsn h he cr doors re oen 800 mm he nex dcen floor (oe: somemes clled dooro-door me); 5 ssenger rrvl re - re whch ssengers rrve for servce by lf sysem (oe: ofen gven s ercenge of buldng s oulon rrvng whn 5-mnue erod); ssenger verge ourney me (AJT) - verge erod of me from when ssenger eher regsers lndng cll, or ons queue, unl he ssenger lghs he desnon floor (oe: ssenger s deemed o hve lghed, when ny ssenger deecon devce s nerrued or he ssenger hysclly crosses he door slls); 6
9 ssenger verge me o desnon (ATTD) - verge erod of me from when ssenger eher regsers lndng cll, or ons queue, unl he resondng lf begns o oen s doors he desnon floor; ssenger verge rnsfer me ( ) - verge erod of me for sngle ssenger o ener or leve lf cr; ssenger verge rns me (ATT) - verge erod of me from when resondng lf begns o oen s doors he bordng floor unl he doors begn o oen gn he desnon floor (oe: he ssenger rns me commences, f he resondng lf doors re oen, when ssenger rrves); 7 ssenger verge wng me (AWT) - verge erod of me from when ssenger eher regsers lndng cll, or ons queue, unl he resondng lf begns o oen s doors he bordng floor; oes: () The ssenger wng me connues f ssenger does no ener he resondng lf, e.g. becuse he lf s full. () The ssenger wng me s zero f he resondng lf doors re oen when ssenger rrves. (3) If ssenger my regser desnon cll before rrvng he lf lobby, wng me my be dvded no wo comonens: wlkng me (me o rech he lobby) nd sndng me (me wng n he lobby). sngle floor flgh me ( f ()) - erod of me mesured from he nsn h he cr doors re locked unl he lf s level he nex dcen floor; 8
10 u-ek hndlng ccy (PPHC) - number of ssengers h lf sysem cn heoreclly rnsor durng he u-ek rffc condon wh cr occuncy of 80% of he cul ccy (oe: hs s clculed by deermnng he number of rs mde by he lfs, whch occur over he wors fve mnue (300 second) erod nd hen mullyng by he verge number of ssengers (P) crred n h fve mnues; u-ek nervl (PPIT) - verge me beween successve cr rrvls he mn ermnl (or oher defned) floor wh crs ssumed o be loded o 80% of cul ccy durng he u-ek rffc condon. 9 Convenonl Belef : If Lf Grou cn hndle ek, normlly 30 mnues, 5% / 5 mn, cn hndle ny rffc. 0
11 CIBSE Gude D 05
12 RTT he mos morn rmeer n Lf Trffc Anlyss 3 4
13 5 6
14 In CIBSE Gude D 05, s T s chnged o T f () sd c v o Performnce me (T) - erod beween he nsn he cr doors sr o close nd he nsn h he cr doors re 800 mm oen he nex dcen floor; oe: Somemes clled door-o-door me. d - Advnce door oenng me (s). sd - Sr dely me (s). o Door oenng me (s). c Door closng me (s). d 7 CIBSE Gude D 05 8
15 Assumons of mos bsc equon for he RTT:. Equl floor oulons n he dervon of H nd S. Equl floor heghs.. Pssenger choces of floors re ndeenden of ech oher (hs ffecs he dervon of H nd S). 3. Consn ssenger rrvl re. I s ssumed h he rrvl rocess of ssengers s no rndom nd h ssengers rrve n unform mnner wh equl me scng beween hem. In rely ssengers rrve rndomly n rocess h s bes reresened by Posson rrvl rocess. 4. An morn ssumon mde n he dervon of he round r me equon s h he o seed s ned n one floor ourney. Ths s no correc n mny cses where he seed s bove.5 m/s. 5. Boh rffc rofle nd suervsory conrol re del. 9 Assumons of bsc equon for he RTT: 5. Only one ssenger s bordng or lghng he sme me. 6. Only ye of rffc resen s he ncomng rffc (u ek rffc). 7. Equl floor heghs hve been ssumed. 8. Doors srs closng mmedely fer he ls ssenger hs borded or lghed. In rely here wll be dely deendng on he mer conrollng he door oeron, nd deendng on wheher oher ssengers use he door close buon. 9. Pssengers ener he buldng from one sngle enrnce. In rely mny buldngs hve underground cr rks or dfferen level sree enrnces. 0. o door re-oenngs hve been ssumed.. I hs been ssumed h ll lfs n he sme grou serve ll floors nd h ny ssenger regrdless of hs/her desnon cn bord ny vlble lf. 30
16 Quesons sked: Do ssengers rrve unformly n me? Cn he red lod be used o deermne he number of ssengers lf cr cn ccommode? Why should lfs lod o 80% of robble ccy? Wh hens f ll floors re no eqully ouled? Wh hens f he red seed s no reched n sngle floor um nd f he nerfloor heghs re no equl? Wh re lndng nd cr cll dwell mes? Wh re lobby lodng mes? Is he rffc conroller del? Are ll he dusmens descrbed bove necessry? How cn he clculon del wh rnsfer floors? How does lf funcon, buldng form nd buldng funcon ffec he clculons? Wll he RTT vlue obned by clculon be he sme s h obned by smulon? 3 For Equl Demnd (-Pek) P 0.8 CC Prob. les so rculr floor 3
17 33 For Equl Demnd (-Pek) P h floor )h,... he cr ( no ssenger leves Prob. L obody leves he cr rculr floor Prob. h s he hghes floor rob. no hgher hn h floor rob. no hgher hn (-)h floor H 34 For Down-Pek
18 35 For nequl Demnd (-Pek) S - - h floor cr sos he Prob.h h floor no hgher hn Cr sos L L L L H 36 For Inerfloor Flgh Tme Vrons nd nequl Inerfloor Dsnces Deermne H/S o gve verge nerfloor um (). Deermne hegh of buldng (d H ) o floor H nd dvde by H o gve verge nerfloor hegh (). Mully he bove wo () x () o gve verge dsnce rvelled (3). Look u on mnufcurer s me/dsnce grh he me (4) o rvel he dsnce (3) found bove. Clcule he ssumed me (5) o rvel he dsnce clculed n (3). Clcule he dfference beween me obned n (4) nd (5). Add he me obned o s when clculng he RTT.
19 Some Los Tmes Frs wo erms of RTT equon re delzed. Thrd erm deends on humn behvour. A ssenger my hold door whls fnshng converson. A e rolley my be loded hereby reducng he cr ccy. A erson my ener ddonl cr clls wh no ssenger. Dffcul o qunfy hese dsruons, sy dd 0% o RTT. Some lf conrol sysems cuse lf o remn he mn ermnl for fxed me nervl (dsch nervl). Some hold lf he mn ermnl for fxed me for he regsron of frs cr cll (lodng nervl). If hese wo nervls < me o lod 80% of red cr ccy, no effec. Some hold lf he mn ermnl for (nexcr). Some cuse lf doors o be held oen for fxed me ech so (door holdng nervl or door dwell me) o llow movemen of ssengers n nd ou whou colldng he doors. Bu f door swell me s long, u Deermnon of Pssenger Demnd Quny of Servce Quly of Servce Pssenger D Ses (no. of ssengers bordng from nd lghng secfc floors; rffc mode undreconl or muldreconl; rnsfer me; ssenger cons) -ek Trffc (ssengers only lod lobby; ssengers never lgh lobby; undreconl; shor rnsfer me; lle ooruny of msbehvor) Purose of Buldng (resdenl; commercl; nsuonl) 3 mn yes of commercl enncy (dversfed; mxed; sngle) 38
20 Geogrhcl fcors Lf szng bsed on S nd K vlues. As/Pcfc eole re smller. Scndnvns re ller. Euroens from Ln counres smller hn orh Euroens. 90 yers go, mle ssumed o wegh 68 kg wh n re of 0.9 m. By 97, re becme 0. m nd wegh becme 75 kg. Sme ro: 360 kg/m. 39 Deermnon of Pssenger Demnd Mn Termnl Poulon (80%-85% of buldng oulon) sble Are (renble re 90%-95% of gross re; usble re 75%-80% of gross re) Arrvl re (mulle) %-5% for regulr; 7% for resge Arrvl re (sngle) 5% for regulr; 7-5% for resge Inervl < 0 s for excellen; < 5 s for good; > 50 s for uncceble 40
21 Prmeers mesurng Trffc Performnce Averge Wng Tme Averge Trvel Tme 4 AJT AWT ATT < 90s nder -ek Condon AWT [0.4 (.8P/CC 0.77) ] PPIT for cr lods from 50% o 80%; or AWT 0.4 PPIT for cr lods less hn 50% 4
22 Averge (Lf) Sysem Resonse Tme (ASRT) AWT clculed by ddng ll ndvdul wng mes ogeher nd dvdng by her number Dffcul o mesure ASRT s he erod of me h kes for grou of lfs o resond o he frs regsered lndng cll floor SRT s mesured from he me he frs ssenger floor regsers lndng cll unl he cr doors of he lf servcng h cll hs oened s doors o wdh of 800 mm 43 Equons for ATT under -ek Condon H S ATT v (S ) s S AJT 0.5 (H v S s 3 P ) AWT Brney 99 P AJT 0.5 (H v S s P ) AWT Brney 00 Clcule ATT o he mdon of he locl rvel for ny grou of lfs,.e. rvel for dsnce of H/ wh he number of sos beng S/ nd rnsfer of P/ ssengers bordng nd P/ ssengers lghng. 44
23 An Exmle by Convenonl Hnd Clculon A buldng, of no gre resge, wh 0 GFA/floor 500 m ; d f 3.3 m ;. s 80% usble re 00 m 0 m er erson from ble,.e. 0 ersons/floor; 00 ol 80% dly endnce,.e. 960 ersons 5% u-ek rrvl re n 5 mn from ble,.e. 44 ersons Inervl ssumed 30 s, from ble To desgn lf sysem o hndle 44 ersons n 5 mn wh n nervl of 30 s 45 A buldng, of no gre resge, wh 0 GFA/floor 500 m ; d f 3.3 m ;. s To hndle 44 ersons n 5 mn wh n nervl of 30 s 80% cr occuncy Ccy 4.4 er r / ersons les, ck Selec red seed.6 m/s Selec 00 mm cenre oenng; o 0.8 s; c 3 s; f () 6 s H 9.8; S 8.3 ; P x ; v 3.3/.6. s s RTT x 9.8 x. (8.3) x 7.7 x 6.8 x. 53. eed 5 crs; PPIT 53. / PPHC (300 x 6.8) / ersons / 5-mn 46
24 ED 47
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