The Europa Plasma Environment. Tristan Weber LASP Fran Bagenal, Robert Wilson, Vincent Dols
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1 The Europa Plasma Environment Tristan Weber LASP Fran Bagenal, Robert Wilson, Vincent Dols
2 Europa Overview Our interest in Europa Our current understanding Success/Limitations of our data Refinement/Compilation of the data Future improvements for the study of Europa
3 Interest in Europa Europa is the first step in understanding the potential of the outer solar system as an abode for life (Space Studies Board 2011, p.1) Enough energy and water to sustain life
4 Our Current Set of Data Ground Based Variety of sources Voyager Galileo
5 Galileo -Failed Antenna Deployment -Lack of data resolution -Large range of trajectories -Wide spread of data if we could analyze it
6 What We Know So Far Water Oceans Ice on surface shown from ground-based observations -Changing Magnetic Field Induces Currents -Seen by Galileo Hard to separate from Ionosphere
7 What We Know So Far Water Oceans Ice on surface shown from ground-based observations -Changing Magnetic Field Induces Currents -Seen by Galileo Hard to separate from Ionosphere
8 What We Know So Far Water Oceans Ice on surface shown from ground-based observations -Changing Magnetic Field Induces Currents -Seen by Galileo Hard to separate from Ionosphere
9 What We Know So Far Water Oceans Ice on surface shown from ground-based observations -Changing Magnetic Field Induces Currents -Seen by Galileo Hard to separate from Ionosphere
10 What We Know So Far Alfvén Wings Europa s Footprint
11 What We Know So Far Sputtered Atmosphere -Radiolysis embeds incoming particles and ejects others -Oxygen Atmosphere -Sulfur Deposits
12 What We Know So Far Sputtered Atmosphere -Radiolysis embeds incoming particles and ejects others -Oxygen Atmosphere -Sulfur Deposits -Mostly Observed through Spectroscopy -Direct data has issues
13 Modeling Working on a simulation with Vincent Dols Magnetic Field Modeling Data from NASA PDS
14 Modeling Working on a simulation with Vincent Dols Magnetic Field Modeling Data from NASA PDS E04 Flyby
15 Modeling '# &'# ()*+,*- (4*+,*- ()*.231 #!'# (4*.231 &## '# #!&##!!!" # "! $ % -*./01!'#!!!" # "! $ % -*./01 &'# "## (5*+,*- (676*+,*- &## &'# (5*.231 '# (676*.231 &## # '#!'#!!!" # "! $ % -*./01 #!!!" # "! $ % -*./01 E04 Flyby
16 Modeling &##!&"# ()*+,*- (4*+,*- '#!&!# ()*.231 # (4*.231!&$#!&%#!'#!"##!&##!!!" # "! $ % -*./01!""#!!!" # "! $ % -*./01!56#!8# (7*+,*- (9:9*+,*-!56'!$# (7*.231!!##!!#'!!&# (9:9*.231!'#!!#!!&'!5#!!"#!!!" # "! $ % -*./01!"#!!!" # "! $ % -*./01 E11 Flyby
17 Modeling!# 4# ()*+,*- (5*+,*- '#!# ()*.231 "# &# # (5*.231 '# "# &# #!&#!&#!"#!!!" # "! $ % -*./01!"#!!!" # "! $ % -*./01!# 4# (6*+,*- (787*+,*- '#!# (6*.231 "# &# (787*.231 '# "# # &#!&#!!!" # "! $ % -*./01 #!!!" # "! $ % -*./01 E11 Flyby
18 Modeling Magnetic Field Modeling has been fairly successful See Effects of Induced Currents and Alfvén Wings Kivelson et al. (1997) E04 Flyby
19 Modeling the Plasma Properties Want to compare model to direct plasma data. Obtained plasma parameters with Rob Wilson s fitting routine
20 Modeling the Plasma Properties Want to compare model to direct plasma data. Obtained plasma parameters with Rob Wilson s fitting routine %## 45.*67*8 9/3:;<0*8 ' $"# $##,*-./01'(23! %+!"#!## "# # '!!"!!#!" # "!#!" &'()*+
21 Modeling the Plasma Properties Want to compare model to direct plasma data. Obtained plasma parameters with Rob Wilson s fitting routine %## 45.*67*8 9/3:;<0*8 ' $"#? $##,*-./01'(23! %+!"#!## "# # '!!"!!#!" # "!#!" &'()*+
22 Problems with the PLS data Fitting routine originally designed for full magnetosphere.
23 Problems with the PLS data Fitting routine originally designed for full magnetosphere. At moon encounters, the plasma might be changing too quickly to find a fit "## ( &"# &## %"# -+./ %## $"# $##!"#!## "# (!!"!!#!" # "!#!" '()*+,
24 A Possible Remedy If the issue is over-averaging, edit the fitting to only run each spin individually Danger of not having enough appreciable detections.
25 A Possible Remedy Obs. Data Background Sim. Data :1.71 m:q Anode 1 Anode 2 Anode 3 Anode 4 Anode 5 Anode Record # Anode Record # DE run 1, Iter. = 1, Cost = e+06
26 A Possible Remedy Obs. Data Background Sim. Data :1.71 m:q Anode 1 Anode 2 Anode 3 Anode 4 Anode 5 Anode Record # Anode Record #!"#$#%&'()*'$&+,-'.//0!.1!./'23456'
27 A Possible Remedy Obs. Data Background Sim. Data :1.71 m:q Anode 1 Anode 2 Anode 3 Anode 4 Anode 5 Anode Record # Anode Record # DE run 1, Iter. = 150, Cost =
28 New PLS Results Very Mixed Several unreasonable features removed "%% 670,89,: ;15<=>2,: ) #&% #%%.,/0123)*45! "- $&% $%% &% % )!!!"!#!$ % $ # "! & ' ()*+,-
29 New PLS Results But lack of enough data points sometimes makes for enormous errors. %&&& *&& 9:3/;</= )&& (&& 1/23456,-78! #0 '&&!&& "&& #&& $&& %&& &,!!!"!#!$!% & % $ # " +,-./0
30 New PLS Results But lack of enough data points sometimes makes for enormous errors. %&&& *&& 9:3/;</= 1/23456,-78! #0 )&& (&& '&&!&& "&& Regardless, the simulation is not matching up #&& $&& %&& &,!!!"!#!$!% & % $ # " +,-./0
31 A Final Issue/Interest Anode Record # DE run 1 Iter = 10 Cost = 4 00 Double peaks show two plasma species in this case we have pickup ions
32 A Final Issue/Interest Anode 7 Spacing shows they re in the same plane Record # DE run 1 Iter = 10 Cost = 4 00 Double peaks show two plasma species in this case we have pickup ions
33 A Final Issue/Interest Energy differs by a factor of ~8 (4 for pickup ions) Anode 7 Spacing shows they re in the same plane Record # DE run 1 Iter = 10 Cost = 4 00 Double peaks show two plasma species in this case we have pickup ions
34 A Final Issue/Interest How can we figure out what ion is being picked up? Anode 7 Spacing shows they re in the same plane Record # DE run 1 Iter = 10 Cost = 4 00 Double peaks show two plasma species in this case we have pickup ions
35 Ion Cyclotron Waves Resonance between gyrofrequency and magnetic waves.
36 Ion Cyclotron Waves Resonance between gyrofrequency and magnetic waves Frequency (Hz) :40 06:45 06:50 06:55 07:00 07:05 07:10 Time
37 Ion Cyclotron Waves Remove the background magnetic field Frequency (Hz) :40 06:45 06:50 06:55 07:00 07:05 07:10 Time
38 Ion Cyclotron Waves Remove the background magnetic field Frequency (Hz) :40 06:45 06:50 06:55 07:00 07:05 07:10 Time Is this actually a result?
39 Ion Cyclotron Waves Remove the background magnetic field Frequency (Hz) :40 06:45 06:50 06:55 07:00 07:05 07:10 Time Probably Not Is this actually a result?
40 Final Compilations Where We Are 7(28'9, $%&'()* #""!" "!!" #"! #" " % Orbit $+ $, $- :(/;(* <'2;)( =>< % % # ".! " &/(01(23,%45-6 #"!! % :(/;(* <'2;)( % #"""!""?(@A H+ D"" #"" % :(/;(* <'2;)( % " " %!B!C!D!# " # D C B! E F%4G(6
41 Final Compilations Where We Are Some things we can explain %&'()*+ :)4;(<- $" #"!" "!!"!" 9!" #!" " & & Orbit11 Pickup ions in wake %, %- %. =)1>)+?(4>*) & & &! "/0 " 9"" #"" '1)23)45-&67.8 B)CD I,!0" &!"" 0" =)1>)+?(4>*) & " " &!#!! "! # $ 9 0 E F G&6H)8
42 Final Compilations Where We Are Some things we can explain #$%&'()!"" "!!"" Orbit12 #* #+ #, $ 9'3:&;+ $ /" 8 /"! <'0=') >&3=('?@> $ / "-. " %0'12'34+$56,7 /" / $ <'0=') >&3=(' $!"" /"" A'BC G* /." $ /""." <'0=') >&3=(' $ " " $!D!8!!!/ " /! 8 E$5F'7 Fluid flow around the moon
43 Final Compilations Where We Are Some things we can t #$%&'()!"" "!!"" Orbit12 Densities don t match far from the moon? #* #+ #, $ 9'3:&;+ $ /" 8 /"! <'0=') >&3=('?@> $ / "-. " %0'12'34+$56,7 /" / $ No matching density spike? <'0=') >&3=(' $!"" /"" A'BC G* /." $ /""." <'0=') >&3=(' $ " " $!D!8!!!/ " /! 8 E$5F'7 Fluid flow around the moon
44 The Future For Europa Data Hope in the Europa Clipper -Higher resolution MAG data? -Better plasma data? Hope to better understand the induced fields and the surface composition.
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