FAU MATH DAY 2011 Math Trivia Challenge MATHEMATICAL DIVERSIONS 2011
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1 FAU MATH DAY 2011 Math Trivia Challenge MATHEMATICAL DIVERSIONS 2011
2 Warm up Question The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter A. is known to be infinite. B. is denoted by the Greek letter π (pi). C. depends on the particular circle. D. depends on the day of the week. E. is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
3 Warm up Question The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter A. is known to be infinite. B. is denoted by the Greek letter π (pi). C. depends on the particular circle. D. depends on the day of the week. E. is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
4 Usually there will be a third slide with some explanation of the answer. Or I ll give one. I can t help myself from adding such a page! Format from now on: Math questions and so called trivia will alternate. You ll have one minute to answer trivia, one to three minutes for the math.
5 The Babylonians The Babylonians wrote numbers in base 60. One of their tablets states that the ratio of a regular hexagon to the circumference of the circumscribed circle is This means that for them π was equal to A B C D E
6 The Babylonians The Babylonians wrote numbers in base 60. One of their tablets states that the ratio of a regular hexagon to the circumference of the circumscribed circle is This means that for them π was equal to A B C D E
7 The Babylonians The Babylonians wrote numbers in base 60. One of their tablets states that the ratio of a regular hexagon to the circumference of the circumscribed circle is This means that for them π was equal to A B C D E
8 Irrational questions By definition, an irrational number is one that: A. Has a never ending decimal expansion, like for example B. Cannot be expressed as the quotient of two integers. C. Is the square root of an integer. D. Is a number smaller than all positive numbers. E. Is a number that doesn t make sense.
9 Irrational questions By definition, an irrational number is one that: A. Has a never ending decimal expansion, like for example B. Cannot be expressed as the quotient of two integers. C. Is the square root of an integer. D. Is a number smaller than all positive numbers. E. Is a number that doesn t make sense.
10 In the days of Archimedes Archimedes ( BCE) was one of the greatest mathematicians/physicists of all times. By a process similar to Calculus (2000 years before it was invented) he found that the volume of a sphere of radius r is given by V =(4/3)π r 3. Knowing this, which of the following could be a formula for a spherical segment of altitude h and base radii a, b.
11 In the days of Archimedes Archimedes ( BCE) was one of the greatest mathematicians/physicists of all times. By a process similar to Calculus (2000 years before it was invented) he found that the volume of a sphere of radius r is given by V =(4/3)π r 3. Knowing this, which of the following could be a formula for a spherical segment of altitude h and base radii a, b.
12 In the days of Archimedes The last formula is the only one giving the correct volume of the half-sphere, namely (4/6)πr 3 when a = h = r, b = 0.
13 The European Middle Ages His most famous book begins: These are the nine figures of the Indians: 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. With these nine figures, and with the sign 0, which in Arabic is called zephirum, any number can be written He was Leonardo of Pisa, better known as A. Leonardo DaVinci B. Leonardo Montessori C. Leonardo Caprio D. Michelangelo E. Fibonacci
14 The European Middle Ages His most famous book begins: These are the nine figures of the Indians: 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. With these nine figures, and with the sign 0, which in Arabic is called zephirum, any number can be written He was Leonardo of Pisa, better known as A. Leonardo DaVinci B. Leonardo Montessori C. Leonardo Caprio D. Michelangelo E. Fibonacci
15 The European Middle Ages His most famous book begins: These are the nine figures of the Indians: 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. With these nine figures, and with the sign 0, which in Arabic is called zephirum, any number can be written He was Leonardo of Pisa, better known as Fibonacci. In Liber Abaci, Fibonacci introduced the Arabic numbering into Europe. It is also where his famous sequence first appears, as solution to a rabbit question.
16 A problem by Luca Pacioli The radius of the incircle of a triangle is 4; side BC is divided into segments 8 and 6 by the point of contact. How long is AB? A. 13 B. 14 C. 15 D. 16 E. Not enough information to tell.
17 A problem by Luca Pacioli The radius of the incircle of a triangle is 4; side BC is divided into segments 8 and 6 by the point of contact. How long is AB? A. 13 B. 14 C. 15 D. 16 E. Not enough information to tell.
18 A problem by Luca Pacioli The radius of the incircle of a triangle is 4; side BC is divided into segments 8 and 6 by the point of contact. How long is AB? A. 13 B. 14 C. 15 D. 16 E. Not enough information to tell.
19 Traveling with Gulliver On his third voyage, Gulliver visits a land of mathematicians and he is served a pudding in the shape of a: A.Cycloid. B.Paraboloid C.Ellipsoid. D.Perfect sphere. E. Cardioid.
20 Traveling with Gulliver On his third voyage, Gulliver visits a land of mathematicians and he is served a pudding in the shape of a: A.Cycloid. B.Paraboloid C.Ellipsoid. D.Perfect sphere. E. Cardioid.
21 Traveling with Gulliver On his third voyage, Gulliver visits a land of mathematicians and he is served a pudding in the shape of a: A.Cycloid. B.Paraboloid C.Ellipsoid. D.Perfect sphere. E. Cardioid. A cycloid is the curve described by a point on a circle that rolls without slipping. Cycloids were studied by Pascal, the Bernoullis, Huygens, among others.
22 Circle in the Triangle The radius of the incircle (inscribed circle) in the equilateral triangle ABC is r = 1. Find the area of the triangle. 3
23 Circle in the Triangle The radius of the incircle (inscribed circle) in the equilateral triangle ABC is r = 1. Find the area of the triangle. 3
24 Circle in the Triangle The radius of the incircle (inscribed circle) in the equilateral triangle ABC is r = 1. Find the area of the triangle. 3
25 MicroSoft Powerpoint meet Points P, A, Q are collinear (on the same line). The line PQ is tangent to the circle at Q. PA = 5 PQ = 7 What is the radius of the circle? A. 2 B. 2.2 C. 2.4 D. 2.5 E. 2.75
26 MicroSoft Powerpoint meet Points P, A, Q are collinear (on the same line). The line PQ is tangent to the circle at Q. PA = 5 PQ = 7 What is the radius of the circle? A. 2 B. 2.2 C. 2.4 D. 2.5 E. 2.75
27 MicroSoft Powerpoint meet Points P, A, Q are collinear (on the same line). The line PQ is tangent to the circle at Q. PA = 5 PQ = 7 What is the radius of the circle? A. 2 B. 2.2 C. 2.4 D. 2.5 E The so called power of a point with respect to a circle is constant, meaning PA PC = PQ 2. Now PC = PA + 2r, thus 5 (5+2r) = 49. Solving for r = 24/10 = 2.4
28 A Bologna sandwich Girolamo Cardano ( ) swore the following to Niccolo Tartaglia ( ): I swear to you, by God's holy Gospels, and as a true man of honour, not only never to publish your discoveries, if you teach me them, but I also promise you, and I pledge my faith as a true Christian, to note them down in code, so that after my death no one will be able to understand them. What was the discovery: A. A formula to solve cubic equations. B. How to trisect angles. C. Squaring the circle. D. Calculus. E. How to cure the common cold.
29 A Bologna sandwich Girolamo Cardano ( ) swore the following to Niccolo Tartaglia ( ): I swear to you, by God's holy Gospels, and as a true man of honour, not only never to publish your discoveries, if you teach me them, but I also promise you, and I pledge my faith as a true Christian, to note them down in code, so that after my death no one will be able to understand them. What was the discovery: A. A formula to solve cubic equations. B. How to trisect angles. C. Squaring the circle. D. Calculus. E. How to cure the common cold.
30 A Bologna sandwich The cubic formula was one the first discoveries by European mathematicians that went further than what the Greeks had done centuries before. Tartaglia claimed to have it (he did) and Cardano just needed to know. After he swore to never divulge it, Tartaglia revealed the secret. Soon afterwards, Cardano published the formula. Tartaglia spent the rest of his life trying to get revenge. But the truth is not so simple, Cardano actually had a good reason.
31 Augustus DeMorgan Augustus DeMorgan was a famous 19 th century mathematician. He once said: I was x years old in the year x 2. In what year was DeMorgan born? A B C D E. 1800
32 Augustus DeMorgan Augustus DeMorgan was a famous 19 th century mathematician. He once said: I was x years old in the year x 2. In what year was DeMorgan born? A B C D E. 1800
33 Augustus DeMorgan Augustus DeMorgan was a famous 19 th century mathematician. He once said: I was x years old in the year x 2. In what year was DeMorgan born? A B C D E. 1800
34 A Russian Childhood This Russian mathematician had to marry to be allowed to leave her home and study in Germany. It took a special request by university professors impressed by her ability to even let her study at Heidelberg, she was not allowed to attend classes later on at Berlin, being then privately tutored by a famous professor. At age 25 she published (among others) the paper containing the theorem that still bears her name. Even so, she was unable to get a university position. She finally found a haven in Sweden. She was: A. Sofia Kovaleskaya B. Olga Ladyzhenskaya C. Olga Oleinik D. Pelageia Kochina E. Anna Karenina
35 A Russian Childhood This Russian mathematician had to marry to be allowed to leave her home and study in Germany. It took a special request by university professors impressed by her ability to even let her study at Heidelberg, she was not allowed to attend classes later on at Berlin, being then privately tutored by a famous professor. At age 25 she published (among others) the paper containing the theorem that still bears her name. Even so, she was unable to get a university position. She finally found a haven in Sweden. She was: A. Sofia Kovaleskaya B. Olga Ladyzhenskaya C. Olga Oleinik D. Pelageia Kochina E. Anna Karenina
36 A Russian Childhood This Russian mathematician had to marry to be allowed to leave her home and study in Germany. It took a special request by university professors impressed by her ability to even let her study at Heidelberg, she was not allowed to attend classes later on at Berlin, being then privately tutored by a famous professor. At age 25 she published (among others) the paper containing the theorem that still bears her name. Even so, she was unable to get a university position. She finally found a haven in Sweden. She was: A. Sofia Kovaleskaya B. Olga Ladyzhenskaya C. Olga Oleinik D. Pelageia Kochina E. Anna Karenina Ladyzhenskaya, Oleinink, Kochina also were important mathematicians, especially Ladyzhenskaya. Anna Karenina was not.
37 Triangle and square ABCD is a square of center X and side length 8 ( AB = 8). XYZ is a right triangle with right angle at X and XY = 10, XZ = 24. If XY intersects BC at E such that CE = 2, and EB = 6, find the area of the region that is common to the triangle and the square. A. 16 B. 5 3 C. 6 2 D E. Not enough information to tell.
38 Triangle and square ABCD is a square of center X and side length 8 ( AB = 8). XYZ is a right triangle with right angle at X and XY = 10, XZ = 24. If XY intersects BC at E such that CE = 2, and EB = 6, find the area of the region that is common to the triangle and the square. A. 16 B. 5 3 C. 6 2 D E. Not enough information to tell.
39 Triangle and square ABCD is a square of center X and side length 8 ( AB = 8). XYZ is a right triangle with right angle at X and XY = 10, XZ = 24. If XY intersects BC at E such that CE = 2, and EB = 6, find the area of the region that is common to the triangle and the square. A. 16 B. 5 3 C. 6 2 D E. Not enough information to tell. This problem came with a lot of superfluous information. This is related to this year s T-shirt. With the added lines it should be clear that the common region has area one fourth that of the square.
40 From Sam Loyd s Cyclopedia The picture shows a blue triangle; with a square on each one of its sides. The areas of the squares are as given. What is the area in acres of the blue triangle? (You do not need to know what an acre is to solve the problem. You can replace acres by square feet, for example.) A B. 16 C D. 11 E. 10
41 From Sam Loyd s Cyclopedia The picture shows a blue triangle; with a square on each one of its sides. The areas of the squares are as given. What is the area in acres of the blue triangle? (You do not need to know what an acre is to solve the problem. You can replace acres by square feet, for example.) A B. 16 C D. 11 E. 10
42 From Sam Loyd s Cyclopedia The picture shows a blue triangle; with a square on each one of its sides. The areas of the squares are as given. What is the area in acres of the blue triangle? (You do not need to know what an acre is to solve the problem. You can replace acres by square feet, for example.) A B. 16 C D. 11 E. 10
43 From Sam Loyd s Cyclopedia A B. 16 C D. 11 E. 10
44 From a 1970 s Contest In the figure, AB is parallel to CD. The angle at D is twice the size of the angle at B. AD = a, CD = b Then AB is equal to A. ½ a + 2b B. 3 / 2 b + 3 / 4 a C. 2a b D. 4b ½ a E. a + b
45 From a 1970 s Contest In the figure, AB is parallel to CD. The angle at D is twice the size of the angle at B. AD = a, CD = b Then AB is equal to A. ½ a + 2b B. 3 / 2 b + 3 / 4 a C. 2a b D. 4b ½ a E. a + b
46 From a 1970 s Contest In the figure, AB is parallel to CD. The angle at D is twice the size of the angle at B. AD = a, CD = b Then AB is equal to A. ½ a + 2b B. 3 / 2 b + 3 / 4 a C. 2a b If we draw the line PD parallel to BC, we see that all the red angles are equal, so APD is isosceles. D. 4b ½ a E. a + b
47 Curiouser and curiouser Which of these mathematicians became convinced that someone was trying to poison him, so he stopped eating, and died from starvation. A. Leonhard Euler. B. Niels Henryk Abel. C. Carl Friedrich Gauss. D. Kurt Gödel. E. Bertrand Russell
48 Breaking Ties From now on, only the scores of the teams having the highest scores will be considered.
49 Curiouser and curiouser Which of these mathematicians became convinced that someone was trying to poison him, so he stopped eating, and died from starvation. A. Leonhard Euler. B. Niels Henryk Abel. C. Carl Friedrich Gauss. D. Kurt Gödel. E. Bertrand Russell
50 Curiouser and curiouser Which of these mathematicians became convinced that someone was trying to poison him, so he stopped eating, and died from starvation. Gödel s work was in mathematical logic. His 1930 s results caused a crisis and a revolution in mathematics. He came to the U.S. in 1940 and became a memberof the IAS in Princeton, and a close friend of Albert Einstein.
51 Friends of Diophantus If x and y are positive integers and xy + 5y + 7x = 168, then x + y equals A. 6 B. 12 C. 24 D. 48 E. 96
52 Friends of Diophantus If x and y are positive integers and xy + 5y + 7x = 168, then x + y equals A. 6 B. 12 C. 24 D. 48 E. 96
53 Friends of Diophantus If x and y are positive integers and xy + 5y + 7x = 168, then x + y equals A. 6 B. 12 C. 24 D. 48 E. 96
54 Q1. The sentence: Certainly one would wish for a stricter proof here; I have meanwhile temporarily put aside the search for this after some fleeting futile attempts, as it appears unnecessary for the next objective of my investigation initiates the search for the solution of a famous problem. Who wrote it, and what is the problem? A. Pierre Fermat; Fermat s last theorem. B. Christian Goldbach, The Goldbach conjecture. C. Carl Friedrich Gauss, The parallel postulate. D. Bernhard Riemann, The Riemann hypothesis. E. Bertrand Russell, The Russell paradox.
55 Q1. The sentence: Certainly one would wish for a stricter proof here; I have meanwhile temporarily put aside the search for this after some fleeting futile attempts, as it appears unnecessary for the next objective of my investigation initiates the search for the solution of a famous problem. Who wrote it, and what is the problem? A. Pierre Fermat; Fermat s last theorem. B. Christian Goldbach, The Goldbach conjecture. C. Carl Friedrich Gauss, The parallel postulate. D. Bernhard Riemann, The Riemann hypothesis. E. Bertrand Russell, The Russell paradox.
56 Q4. Which U.S president came up with a proof of the Theorem of Pythagoras, which was later published? A. Tomas Jefferson. B. Zachary Taylor. C. Abraham Lincoln. D. James Garfield. E. Grover Cleveland.
57 Q4. Which U.S president came up with a proof of the Theorem of Pythagoras, which was later published? A. Tomas Jefferson. B. Zachary Taylor. C. Abraham Lincoln. D. James Garfield. E. Grover Cleveland.
58 Q6. What French mathematician wrote under the pseudonym Lovis de Montalte? A. René Descartes. B. Pierre de Fermat. C. Blaise Pascal. D. Adrien-Marie Legendre. E. Simeon Poisson
59 Q6. What French mathematician wrote under the pseudonym Lovis de Montalte? A. René Descartes. B. Pierre de Fermat. C. Blaise Pascal. D. Adrien-Marie Legendre. E. Simeon Poisson
60 Q7. What mathematician used the pseudonym of M. Le Blanc? A. Sophie-Marie Germain. B. Emilie du Chatelet. C. Marie-Louise Dubreil Jacotin. D. Maria Agnesi. E. Emily Noether.
61 Q7. What mathematician used the pseudonym of M. Le Blanc? A. Sophie-Marie Germain. B. Emilie du Chatelet. C. Marie-Louise Dubreil Jacotin. D. Maria Agnesi. E. Emily Noether.
62 Q8. He spent 23 years to compute π to 35 decimal places: A. Leonardo of Pisa, Fibonacci. B. Johannes Müller, Regiomontanus. C. Ludolph van Ceulen. D. Jakob Bernoulli. E. Leonhard Euler.
63 Q8. He spent 23 years to compute π to 35 decimal places: A. Leonardo of Pisa, Fibonacci. B. Johannes Müller, Regiomontanus. C. Ludolph van Ceulen. D. Jakob Bernoulli. E. Leonhard Euler.
64 Q9. This mathematician defined π as being twice the first positive root of the cosine function. This definition was considered as ungermanic, Jewish, by a rabble of students already imbued with the poison of Nazism, resulting in the mathematician losing his post and being driven into exile. A. Edmund Landau. B. Hermann Minkowski. C. Felix Klein. D. Felix Hausdorff. E. Rudolph Lipschitz.
65 Q9. This mathematician defined π as being twice the first positive root of the cosine function. This definition was considered as ungermanic, Jewish, by a rabble of students already imbued with the poison of Nazism, resulting in the mathematician losing his post and being driven into exile. A. Edmund Landau. B. Hermann Minkowski. C. Felix Klein. D. Felix Hausdorff. E. Rudolph Lipschitz.
66 Q10. Which of these regular polygons is NOT constructible using only a compass and a straightedge? A. The regular polygon of 85 sides. B. The regular polygon of 119 sides. C. The regular polygon of 3855 sides. D. The regular polygon of 4369 sides. E. The regular polygon of 196,611 sides.
67 Q10. Which of these regular polygons is NOT constructible using only a compass and a straightedge? A. The regular polygon of 85 sides. 85 = 5 17 B. The regular polygon of 119 sides. 119 = 7 17 C. The regular polygon of 3855 sides = D. The regular polygon of 4369 sides = E. The regular polygon of 196,611 sides
68 Q12. Evariste Galois was born in 1811 and died in 1832, not quite 21 years old. In what year was his first paper published: A B C D E
69 Q12. Evariste Galois was born in 1811 and died in 1832, not quite 21 years old. In what year was his first paper published: A B C D E
70 The series for the inverse tangent, namely Is usually known as Gregory s series, as is arctan x x 3 5 the series you get setting x =1. But two centuries before Gregory (who lived ), and before Newton, an Indian mathematician already had discovered all this. The name of this Indian mathematician is A. Aryabhata. B. Brahmagupta C. Madhava. D. Mahavira. E. Ramanujan. x 3 x 5
71 The series for the inverse tangent, namely Is usually known as Gregory s series, as is arctan x x 3 5 the series you get setting x =1. But two centuries before Gregory (who lived ), and before Newton, an Indian mathematician already had discovered all this. The name of this Indian mathematician is A. Aryabhata. B. Brahmagupta C. Madhava. D. Mahavira. E. Ramanujan. x 3 x 5
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