PPC Cube. Interconnection between en Particle Physics and Cosmology. PPCs. [Credits]

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1 Search for DARK MATTER at CMS [Credits] Images of Baryon Acoustic Bscillations with Cosmic Microwave Background by E.M. Huff, the SDSS-III team, and the South Pole Telescope team. Graphic by Zosia Rostomian (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Image of Neutrino Astrophysics, taken from Image of the LHC by CERN Photo Image of Bullet Cluster by NASA/ Chandra X-ray Center Teruki Kamon 1),2) on behalf of the CMS Collaboration 1) Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University 2) Kyungpook National University International Workshop on the Interconnection between Particle Physics and Cosmology (PPC2015) Deadwood, South Dakota, June 29 July 3, 2015 July 2, PPCs Interconnection between en Particle Physics and Cosmology PPC Cube PPC 2011 at CERN, June PPC 2012 at KIAS, Korea, Nov. 5-9 PPC 2013 at CETUP*, SD, USA, July 8-13 PPC 2014 at Univ. de Guanajuato, Mexico, June PPC 2015 at CETUP*, SD, USA, June 29 - July 3 PPC 2016 at Brazil PPC 2017 at??? 2

2 World Discovery Map OUTLINE 3 Where will next new particles be discovered? How about the dark matter (DM) particles? Examine pp collision events being consistent with models (or scenarios) that describe DM-SM particle interaction. DM = Weekly interacting massive particle MET = momentum imbalance or missing transverse energy - Hallmark signature for DM MET 1) Models with DM 2) MonoX for DM-SM interaction 3) Remarks & Summary 3 Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Experiment links Schematic view of the CMS Detector showing its main components. Triggers 1) Tagging energetic jets (+ MET) from cascade decays 2) Tagging leptons 3) Tagging photons 4) Tagging with timing 5) ISR jet(s) 6) VBF dijet 7) Particle IDs with Particle Flow 4

3 Cold DM ( ) Marketplaces Simplified Models, including Effective Field Theory (EFT) Full Models: R-parity conserving SUSY (with a DM candidate) R-parity violating SUSY (with a DM candidate from somewhere else) Dark sector Higgs-portal, Fermion portal Extra Dimension Selected topics: [I] Supersymmetry (SUSY) [II] Mono-X for DM-SM interaction 5 One-page Summary of SUSY squark gaugino Fermion Boson R parity conserving SUSY: Lightest neutralino (Lightest non-colored gaugino) 1 cold dark matter candidate After EW symmetry breaking, 0 1 (B, W, Hd, Hu ) + W H 1 ( +, u ) W H 1 (, d ) Higgsino slepton 6

4 SUSY Probe Metric at LHC MSSM (>100 parameters) - impossible to have more than 100 measurements at the LHC. Consider a way to test a minimal scenario or simplified scenario, first. Then, expand to non-minimal scenarios. E July 4, 2012 LHC13+ Minimal Scenario 2 ~ 0 h D 1 0 ( m,m 0 A, ) 1/2, tan, Non-minimal Scenario LHC8 Higgs ~ 0 1 h 2 D ( m,m A, m 0 0,m 1/2 H u H d, tan, ) Precision 7 Squarks/Gluinos Diagrams JHEP 05 (2015) 078 [ ] 8

5 Squarks/Gluinos Event Displays 9 Gluinos/Squarks in msugra/cmssm JHEP 05 (2015) 078 [ ] m squark m 1/2 m gluino (spin ½) (spin 0) m 0 msugra/cmssm are severely put under pressure by the LHC limits. Simplified SUSY benchmarks for the interpretations. With the discovery of a Higgs boson, the experimental search strategy shifts towards other scenarios (e.g., 3rd generation squark searches). 10

6 Squarks/Gluinos in SMS JHEP 05 (2015) 078 [ ] Searches for supersymmetry using the MT2 variable in hadronic events produced in pp collisions at 8 TeV Figure 12 (a): Exclusion limits at 95% CL for direct squark production. The upper set of curves corresponds to the scenario where the first two generations of squarks are degenerate and light, while the lower set corresponds to only one accessible lightflavour squark. See also earlier results on SUS , JHEP 06 (2014) 055 [ ] 11 3 rd Generation Squark ICHEP SUS [ ] JHEP 06 (2015) 116 SUS (monojet stop) SUS (stop) SUS (sbottom)

7 Electroweak (EWK) Sector x = 0.5 (maximum sensitivity) Wino-Chargino and Bino- LSP Up to ~700 and ~300 GeV for light slepton case Up to 320 and 100 GeV for W and Z cases Weaker limits for heavy slepton being Higgsinos small mass difference (compressed spectra) 13 EWK Production of Higgsinos Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) [SUS ] Some small excess in data, compared with the SM prediction, but results are consistent with background only expectation within uncertainties Interpret null search result as limits on Higgsino production Interested in this final state as it could distinguish NMSSM from MSSM? 14

8 MSSM or NMSSM Bottom Squark Decays? Also see CMS PAS SUS JHEP 04 (2015) 124 [SUS ] MSSM B. Dutta, Y. Ga, T. Ghosh, TK, and N. Kolev, NMSSM not ruled out by the direct detection experiments and with unique features in the neutralino sector compared to the MSSM. 15 NMSSM Bottom Squark Decays B. Dutta, Y. Ga, T. Ghosh, TK, and N. Kolev, Scenario Slepton N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 C1 A Light S W B H H W B Light B H+S+B H S W H C Heavy S B H H W H 16

9 SUSY VBF [SUS ] Search for supersymmetry with the vector boson fusion topology in proton-proton collisions at /s = 8 TeV, Physics Analysis Summary (CERN link: The first SUSY search of its kind in public (March 2015) Inclusive muon trigger and ditau trigger mu-mu, mu-e, mu-tau, tau-tau ; OS & LS Run 2: VBF + soft lepton triggers 17 SUSY VBF MG5, > 4.2 QCD2QED2 + QCD0QED4 SUS SUS

10 SUSY VBF vs. Direct MG5, > 4.2 QCD2QED2 + QCD0QED4 SUS x ~ 0.95 (maximum sensitivity) SUS EPJC 74 (2014) 3036 [ ] x = 0.5 (maximum sensitivity) 19 SUSY + Another Higgs Wanted MSSM Higgs (e.g., A H and H + H - ), Non-MSSM Higgs Colored Sectors Gluinos Heavier(?) 1 st /2 nd generation scalar quarks (squaks) Lighter(?) 3 rd generation squarks (stop, sbottom) Charginos (C1, C2), Neutralinos (N1, N2, N3, N4), decaying into: Leptons, Higgs, W, Z LSP? Lightest Neutralino (N1): Bino-like, Wino-like, Higgsino-like, Bino-Higgsino-like.. [Example] Higgsino LSP chargino and neutralinos below 200 GeV, with mass splittings of order 10 GeV. It is very difficult for LHC to observe these particles. Gravitino Sleptons Selectrons and smuons - mass degenerate? Special case: Stau is lighter. Displaced Tracks Long-Lived (LL) RPV +??? Compressed scenarios at hadron collides 20

11 Long-Lived Interpretations [EXO ] Constraints on the pmssm, AMSB model and on other models from the search for longlived charged particles in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, accepted for publication in EPJC [EXO , JHEP 01 (2015) 096] Search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV Disappearing tracks (as a signature of LL particle decaying inside the CMS detector) are identified as those with little or no associated calorimeter energy deposits and with missing hits in the outer layers of the tracker. Limits are set on the cross section of direct electroweak chargino production in terms of the chargino mass and mean proper lifetime. 21 Cold DM ( ) Marketplaces Simplified Models, including Effective Field Theory (EFT) Full Models: R-parity conserving SUSY (with a DM candidate) R-parity violating SUSY (with a DM candidate from somewhere else) Dark sector Higgs-portal, Fermion portal Extra Dimension Selected topics: [I] Supersymmetry (SUSY) [II] Mono-X for DM-SM interaction 22

12 One Page Summary of DM EFT Exhaustive list of Dirac fermion, Majorana fermion, Real scalar, Complex scalar, Extensive MET + X Searches Monojet MonoB MonoTop MonoZ MonoPhoton W/Z q q g Higgs Portal q χ χ g qbar MonoW (monolepton) MonoW/Z (Hadronic) BBbar /TTbar A few selected topics. 24

13 MonoX Event Displays MC Simulation 25 ublic/physicsresultsexo12048 EPJC 75 (2015) 235 [ ] One energetic jet, pt > 110 GeV, < 2.4, and allow an additional jet (pt > 30 GeV); MET > 250 GeV Veto event if j3 pt > 30 GeV Veto event if (j1,j2) > 2.5 Veto event if they contain isolated electrons or muons with pt > 10 GeV; or hadronic tau with > 20 GeV MET Monojet/Monophoton ublic/physicsresultsexo12047 One energetic photon, pt > 145 GeV, < ; MET > 140 GeV Veto on jets, leptons, and pixel seeds (hit pattern in the pixel detector) (photon,met) > 2 MinMET > 120 GeV, Prob(χ 2 ) (Reduce fake MET events) MET 26

14 Monojet/Monophoton: Results Vector operator spin independent (SI) III II I Region I: EFT limit is good! Region II: EFT limit is too weak! Region III: EFT limit is too strong! 10 TeV EFT is valid for heavy mediator mass (M * ) > a few 10 TeV; The couplings required are large comparing this with known couplings: Theory is non-perturbative if g q g DM > 4 Width larger than mass, so unlikely Λ = Contact interaction scale mediator will be identified as a particle EFT ( ) a minimal framework (M*, couplings, DM types) for a comprehensive interpretation of collider results with other experiments (e.g., Direct Detection). See O. Buchmueller, S. Malik, M. Dolan, and C. McCabe, arxiv: DM with Rasor Vector operator spin independent (SI) Λ = Contact interaction scale Results are comparable to those in the CMS monojet analysis. 28

15 Monolepton (W l ) and Monotop (jjb) ublic/physicsresultsexo13004 [Note] ξ = 1 and 0 are not gauge invariant simplified models ublic/physicsresultsb2g12022 PRL 114 (2015) [ ] FC Monojet Vector operator spin independent (SI) DM coupling set to 0.1 for q = u/d [ ] Exclude scalar (vector) DM masses below 327 (655) GeV 29 Non-thermal DM-SM Interaction Simplified Models vs. Full Models: Example: non-thermal DM model - At least two X fields, X ( = 1, 2), are required for successfully explaining baryogenesis. R. Allahverdi, B. Dutta, PRD 88 (2013) ; B. Dutta, Y. Gao, T.K, PRD 89 (2014) Right handed u-type quark Y. Gao & M. Dalchenko [ ] Delphes 3 30

16 ISR Invisible vs. VBF Invisible EPJC 75 (2015) 235 [ ], CMS-EXO , CERN-PH-EP EPJC 74 (2014) 2980 [ ], CMS-HIG , CERN-PH-EP One energetic jet, pt > 110 GeV, < 2.4, and allow an additional jet (pt > 30 GeV) MET > 250 GeV 500 GeV Veto event if j3 pt > 30 GeV Veto event if (j1,j2) > 2.5 Veto event if they contain isolated electrons or muons with pt > 10 GeV; or hadronic tau with > 20 GeV VBF tag jet pair, pt,j1, pt,j2 > 50 GeV, η < 4.7, ηj1*ηj2 < 0, ηjj > 4.2, and Mjj > 1100 GeV; (j1,j2) < 1.0 MET > 130 GeV Central jet veto (event that has an additional jet with pt > 30 GeV and pseudorapidity between those of the two tag jets); Lepton veto with pt > 10 GeV. 31 ISR Invisible vs. VBF Invisible EPJC 75 (2015) 235 [ ], CMS-EXO , CERN-PH-EP EPJC 74 (2014) 2980 [ ], CMS-HIG , CERN-PH-EP [Beyond EFT approach] See, for example, S. Baek, P. Ko, and W. Park, PRD 90 (2014) [ ] for explicit expressions within UV completions 32

17 Next Gen. Searches via VBF The final state is same as invisible Higgs signal, but larger p T jets Cross section? Wino-like DM Bino-Higgsino DM Example, disappearing tracks? jj MET X CMS-EXO , JHEP 01 (2015) 096 [ ] Search for disappearing tracks in events with p T >100, MET>100 for direct production of C1N2 and C1C1. 33 Next Gen. Search for Compressed X PRD 90 (2014) VBF+stops: GeV at 2 at 14 TeV VBF jj + stops ISR jet + stops? ISR + stops? 34

18 E July 4, 2012 Run2 and Beyond FCC will be powerful in producing heavy objects. LHC13+ Hadron Collider ( s ) Gluino/Squark Mass Reach (M) M/ s Tevatron (2 TeV) ~400 GeV 0.20 LHC (8 TeV) ~1.7 TeV 0.21 LHC (14 TeV) ~2.8 TeV* 0.20* FCC (100 TeV) ~20 TeV* 0.20* (*) just use a naïve scaling Run1 at 8 TeV the LHC8 has started probing a TeV physics: discovery of a Higgs boson with null results on BSM. LHC8 Higgs Precision Run2 at 13 TeV - Exciting! Understanding the limitations of the LHC13 will be an important step toward the next energy frontier 35 Bar Charts 36

19 SUSY Mass Techniques Christopher Lester et al., ICHEP2010, arxiv: Missing momentum Few M eff, Razor, H T assumptions shat min M TGEN M T2 / M CT M T2 (with kinks ) M T2 / M CT ( parallel / perp ) M T2 / M CT ( subsystem ) Polynomial constraints Multi-event polynomial constraints Whole dataset Many variables Max Likelihood / assumptions Matrix Element 37 SUSY Philosophy Many parameters MSSM more than 100 parameters Impossible to have more than 100 measurements at the LHC Consider a way to test a minimal scenario or simplified scenario, first. Then, expand to non-minimal scenarios. Simplified Mass Spectra scenario Few parameters Minimal scenario = Guiding Principle Grand Unification = universality Dark matter = stable LSP 38

20 CMS New Physics Searches Chart 1 Probing a TeV scale at LHC8 No hints of NP (yet) in very diverse search programs program mass 39 Closer Look at CMS SUSY Searches stop slepton squark EWK gaugino gluino production sbottom 40

21 CMS New Physics Searches Chart 2 Long-Lived Particles Dark Matter Large Extra Dimentions program mass 41 CMS New Physics Searches Chart 3 program Dark Matter mass 42

22 Backups 43 Top Squark Decay Modes Stop decay Stop mixing & neutralino/chargino composition & m m m t m 0 1 m m m t (off-shell W) (off-shell top) (on-shell top) m W m t m t 44

23 45 VBF as Tool for Compressed SUSY VBF tagged jets (2 energetic jets with large separation: large M(jj)) in forward region, opposite hemispheres) VBF production topology in transverse plane Teruki Kamon VBF/ISR at FCC 46

24 1 2 Top Squark Results at 8 TeV 3 4 ICHEP M=30 m W m top 47 Top/Bottom Squark Results at 8 TeV SUS Fig. 9 SUS Fig

25 3 rd Generation Squark Accepted in JHEP [ ] CMS Preliminary VBF VBF SUS ? 49 SUSY Papers [I] SUS SUS SUS SUS SUS SUS SUS SUS SUS SUS Searches for 3rd generation squark production in fully hadronic final states in pp collisions at 8 TeV Searches for SUSY using the MT2 variable in hadronic events produced in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for physics beyond the standard model in events with two leptons, jets, and MET in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for SUSY using razor variables in events with b-jets in pp collisions at 8 TeV Searches for SUSY based on events with b jets and four W bosons in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for stealth SUSY in events with jets, either photons or leptons, and low MET in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for top-squark pair production with Higgs and Z bosons in the final state in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for New Physics in Multijets and MET Final State in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for SUSY Partners of Top and Higgs Using Diphoton Higgs Decays in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons and jets in pp collisions at 8 TeV Accepted by JHEP [ ] JHEP 05 (2015) 078 [ ] JHEP 04 (2015) 124 [ ] PRD 91 (2015) [ ] PLB 745 (2015) 5 [ ] PLB 743 (2015) 503 [ ] PLB 736 (2014) 371 [ ] JHEP 06 (2014) 055 [ ] PRL 112 (2014) [ ] JHEP 01 (2014) 163 [ ] 50

26 SUSY Papers [II] SUS SUS SUS SUS SUS SUS Search for supersymmetry using events with a single lepton, multiple jets, and b-tags Search for top-squark pair production in the single lepton final state in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for stop in R-parity-violating supersymmetry with three or more leptons and b-tags Search for supersymmetry using the shape of the HT and MET, and b- jet multiplicity distributions Search for supersymmetry in final states with missing transverse energy and 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 b jets in 8 TeV pp collisions (11.7/fb) Search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons and b- tagged jets in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV (10.5/fb) PLB 733 (2014) 328 [ ] EPJC 73 (2013) 2677 [ ] PRL 111 (2013) [ ] PLB 725 (2013) 243 [ ] EPJC 73 (2013) 2568 [ ] JHEP 03 (2013) 037, JHEP 07 (2013) 041, [ ] 51 SUSY Papers [II] SUS SUS SUS Search for electroweak chargino and neutralino production in channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons in pp collisions at 8 TeV Searches for electroweak production of charginos, neutralinos, and sleptons decaying to leptons and W, Z, and Higgs bosons in pp collisions at 8 TeV Search for anomalous production of events with three or more leptons in pp collisions at 8 TeV PRD 90 (2014) [ ] EPJC 74 (2014) 3036 [ ] PRD 90 (2014) [ ] 52

27 SUSY In Progress 53 Sensitivity to a gluino mass of O(TeV) for m(lsp) ~ 100 GeV No hints of SUSY. This could still mean the gluino is heavy and stop may be light. direct stop searches 54

28 Higgs portal to DM: H(inv) EPJC 74 (2014) 2980 [ ], CMS-HIG , CERN-PH-EP DM particles have the direct couplings to the SM Higgs sector, H ; (a) Limits on branching fraction of Higgs to invisible particles used for limits on DM, (b) Can be scalar, vector or fermionic couplings, (c) Limits only up to DM mass Mχ < MH/2 55 Higgs portal to DM: Results EPJC 74 (2014) 2980 [ ], CMS-HIG , CERN-PH-EP % CL observed upper (expected) limit on B(H inv) = 0.51(0.38) 95% CL observed upper (expected) limit on B(H inv) = 0.58(0.44) Upper limits on the spinindependent DM-nucleon cross section in Higgsportal models, derived for mh = 125GeV, and B(H inv) < 0.51 at 90% CL, as a function of the DM mass. [Beyond EFT approach] See, for example, S. Baek, P.. Ko, and W. Park, PRD 90 (2014) [ ] for explicit expressions within UV completions 56

29 ISR Invisible vs. VBF Invisible CMS Preliminary Lepton ID Better with low p T, large 57 (e) PT > 45(100) GeV 0.4 < PT/MET < 1.5 (lepton,met) > 0.8* Monolepton (W l ) ch/twiki/bin/view/cmspub c/physicsre Dark Matter production with a W boson W recoiling against pair-produced DMs Vector- and axial-vector couplings considered Interference effects parameterized by ξ [Note] ξ = 1 and 0 are not gauge invariant simplified models e Monojet Monojet Vector operator Axial-Vector operator spin independent (SI) spin Dependent (SD) 58

30 MonoTop (t jjb) ch/twiki/bin/view/cm c/physi FC Excellent agreement with data DM coupling set to 0.1 for q = u/d [arxiv: ] Exclude scalar (vector) DM masses below 327 (655) GeV Three jets, with j1, and j2 pt > 60 GeV and j3 pt > 40 GeV; One jet is tagged b-jet Veto events with j4 pt > 35 GeV or isolated e(μ) pt > 20(10) GeV M(j1j2j3) < 250 GeV; MET> 350 GeV M(3j) 1b MET 59 MonoTop (t jjb): Results ch/twiki/bi n/view/cmspublic/physicsr Excellent agreement with data DM coupling set to 0.1 for q = u/d [arxiv: ] Exclude scalar (vector) DM masses below 327 (655) GeV 60

31 DiTop (lvb+jjb) ch/twiki/bin/view/cmspu/bin/vi blic/ph , accepted in JHEP Select pairs of top quarks in the single lepton channels pt(e or ) >30 GeV and N(j) = 3 or 4 with pt > 30 GeV At least one b-tagged jet MET > 320 GeV, (j, MET) > 1.2 MT2W variable > 200 GeV 61 DiTop (lvb+lvb) twiki ch/twiki/bin/view/cmspui/bin/v blic/ph Select pairs of top quarks in the di-lepton channels Exactly two identified leptons, and at least two jets are selected. M(ll) > 20 GeV and M(ll) 91 GeV > 15 GeV MET > 320 GeV HT(j1, j2) < 400 GeV, HT(l1, l2) > 120 GeV, (l1, l2) < 2 HT(l1, l2) HT(j1, j2) MET 62

32 DiTop (lvb+lvb) : Results ch/twiki/bin/v iew/cmspublic/physics sresults 63 Monojet: Remarks Limitation of EFT Simplified Model with M * EFT is valid when mediator mass (M * ) > a fewtev The couplings required are large comparing this with known couplings: o strong interaction ~1.2 o weak interaction ~0.6 Theory is non-perturbative if g q g DM > 4 Width larger than mass, so unlikely mediator will be identified as a particle Region I: EFT limit is good! Region II: EFT limit is too weak! Region III: EFT limit is too strong! III II See, for example, arxiv: for further reading. I 64

33 Monophoton MET > 140 GeV One energetic photon, pt > 145 GeV, < Veto on jets, leptons, and pixel seeds (hit pattern in the pixel detector) (photon,met) > 2 MinMET > 120 GeV, Prob(χ 2 ) (Reduce fake MET events) pt MET 65 Monophoton: Results Vector operator spin independent (SI) Axial-vector operator spin-dependent (SD) 66

34 Higgs portal to DM: VBF H(inv) arxiv: v2 DM particles have the direct couplings to the SM Higgs sector, H Limits on branching fraction of Higgs to invisible particles used for limits on DM Can be scalar, vector or fermionic couplings Limits only up to DM mass Mχ < MH/2 Veto events with an identified electron, or muon with pt > 10 GeV. VBF tag jet pair, pt,j1, pt,j2 > 50 GeV, η < 4.7, ηj1, ηj2 < 0, ηjj > 4.2, and Mjj > 1100 GeV MET > 130 GeV (j1,j2) < 1.0 Central jet veto (event that has an additional jet with pt > 30 GeV and pseudorapidity between those of the two tag jets) 67 Higgs portal to DM: Z(ll)+H(inv) arxiv: v2 Two well-identified, isolated leptons of the same flavor and opposite signwith PT > 20 GeV, M(ll) is within 15 GeV of Z mass Veto event if there are two or more jets with PT > 30 GeV Veto event containing a bottom-quark decay identified by either the presence of a soft-muon or by the CSV b-tagging algorithm o MET > 120 GeV o o 68

35 Higgs portal to DM: Z(bb)+H(inv) arxiv: v2 69 Monojet/Monophoton: Results 70

36 Remark on Compressed X 71