Performance Analysis of Household Refrigerator with Alternate Refrigerants

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1 ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil 204 Pefmance Analysis f Husehld Refigeat with Altenate Refigeants Gauav, Raj Kuma 2 Assistant Pfess, Depatment f Mechanical Engineeing, Mewat Engineeing Cllege (Wakf), Mewat- 2207, Hayana, India Pfess, Depatment f Mechanical Engineeing, YMCA Univesity f Science & Technlgy, Faidabad- 200, Hayana, India 2 Abstact: This study pesents a cmpaisn f enegy and exegy analysis f R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a in efigeat. The pape analyzes the dmestic efigeat with altenative efigeants f cmputing cefficient f pefmance, exegy destuctin ati, exegy efficiency and efficiency defect. The methd f exegy pvides a measue t judge the magnitude f enegy waste in elatin t the enegy supplied tansfmed in the ttal plant and in the cmpnent being analyzed, a measue f the quality ( usefulness) f enegy fm the themdynamic viewpint and a vaiable t define atinal efficiencies f enegy systems. It is established that in the pesent wk efficiency defect is maximum in cndense and lwest in evapat. Cmpaisn f vaius ppeties f altenative efigeants has been dne f a dmestic efigeat. Keywds: Dmestic efigeat, Refigeant, Exegy, Efficiency defect. I. INTRODUCTION In dmestic efigeat, a sealed unit cnsisting f (i) cmpess and (ii) electic mt is used. The evapat is the space inside the efigeat cabinet (it is insulated t avid any heat gained fm the suunding) in which evapat cils n a bx ae pvided. The bx is called de-feeze. The heat is extacted by the evapat fm the fd item kept inside the efigeat. The efigeant in the evapat evapates due t heat extacted. The vapus ae sucked and cmpessed by the cmpess in the sealed unit. The high pessue efigeant vapus give away heat t the suunding and get liquefied in the cndense geneally munted at ea f the efigeat. Capillay is used t thttle high pessue liquefied efigeant in t evapat which has lw pessue. FIG. : DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR II. LITERATURE SURVEY In ecent past, R2 was used as wking substance in dmestic efigeat. But use f R2 was abandned because f zne laye depletin (ODP) pblem. Nw a day, R34a is used as wking substance in dmestic efigeat. R34a (hydflucabn efigeant) is used in dmestic efigeatin and the vapu cmpessin system. R34a is having ze zne depletin ptential (ODP) and almst same themdynamic ppeties as R2 (chlflucabn Cpyight t IJIRSET 397

2 ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil 204 efigeant), but it has 300 glbal waming ptential (GWP) pe yea which is vey high as shwn table. Althugh glbal waming is a gd thing in itself and allws life t exist in all its vaiety but the cncen is that man s activities ae inceasing the cncentatin f cabn dixide and the geen gases in the atmsphee, causing the amunt f absbed infaed adiatin t incease, and leading t atmspheic tempeatues and cnsequent lng tem climate changes. The sale f R34a epted t AFEAS [] is significantly inceasing duing the past tw decades. Hence, Kyt ptcl established the phased ut f HFCs in the nea futue. TABLE I: Ppeties f efigeants Refigeant (Categy) Chemical Fmula Nmal Biling Pint ( C) Citical Tempeatue ( C) ODP GWP (pe 00 Yea) Safety Gup R34a (HFC) CF 3 CH 2 F A R2a (HFC) CH 3 CHF A2 R290 (HC) C 3 H A3 R00 C 4 H A3 R00a (CH 3 ) 3 CH A3 (Suce: R. Cabell et al [] studied the influence f the evapating pessue, cndensing pessue and supeheating degee f the vapu n the exegetic pefmance f a efigeatin plant using thee diffeent wking fluids R34a, R407c, R22. K. Senthil Kuma et al [2] studied the behavi f HCFC (Hydchlflucabn) -23/ HC-290 efigeant mixtue cmputatinally as well as expeimentally and fund that efigeant mixtue 7/3 as a pmising altenative t R2 system. B.O. Blaji et al [3] investigated expeimentally the pefmances f thee zne fiendly Hydflucabn (HFC) efigeants R2, R2a and R34a. R2a efigeant fund as a dp in eplacement f R34a in vapu cmpessin system. B.O. Blaji [4] discussed the pcess f selecting envinmental-fiendly efigeants that have ze zne depletin ptential and lw glbal waming ptential. R23 and R32 fm methane deivatives and R2a, R43a, R34a and R2 fm ethane deivatives ae the emeging efigeants that ae nn txic, have lw flammability and envinmental-fiendly. These efigeants need theetical and expeimental analysis t investigate thei pefmance in the system. A.S. Dalkilic et al [] studied the pefmance analysis f altenative new efigeant mixtues as substitute f R2, R34a and R 22. Refigeant blend f R290/R 00a (40/0 by wt. %) and R 290/R270 (20/80 by wt. %) ae fund t be the mst suitable altenative amng efigeants tested f R2 and R22. S. Wngwises et al [] fund that /4 mixtue f R290 and R00 is the mst apppiate efigeant t eplace HFC34a in a dmestic efigeat. K Mani et al [7] fund that R290/R00a (8/32 by wt. %) can be cnsideed as a dp in eplacement f R2 and R34a. Bukla O. Balaji et al [8] investigated the exegetic pefmance f R2 and its substitute (R34a and R 2a) in the dmestic efigeat. R2a pefmed bette than R34a in tems f COP, exegetic efficiency and efficiency defect as R2 substitute in dmestic efigeatin system. Alka Bani Agawal et al [9] wked n ec-fiendly efigeant as a substitute f CFC (Chlflucabn). The binay mixtue in the atin f 4% and 3% f R290 and R00a fund t be a etfit dp in substitute f R2 f use in the vapu cmpessin efigeatin taine. Akhilesh Aa et al [0] had wked n a detailed analysis f an actual vapu cmpessin efigeatin cycle. A cmputatinal mdel had been develped f cmputing cefficient f pefmance, exegy destuctin, exegetic efficiency and efficiency defects f R02, R404A and R07A. The investigatin had been dne f evapat and cndense tempeatues in the ange f -0 C t 0 C and 40 C t C espectively. The esults indicate that R07A was a bette substitute t R02 than R404A. Miguel Padilla et al [] fund that R43A (mixtue f 88% R34a, 9%R28, 3%R00a) can eplace R2 and R34a in dmestic efigeat. M.M. EI-Awad [2] Cpyight t IJIRSET 398

3 ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil 204 pefmed the validatin f mdel against expeimental data that cmpaed the pefmance f liquefied petleum gas (LPG) t that f efigeant R2 f dmestic efigeatin. Thugh a lt f wk has aleady f cmpaisn f ppeties f efigeants but limited wk is available in the liteatue egading exegy analysis f vaius efigeants f a dmestic efigeat. III. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION FOR EXERGY AND ENERGY ANALYSIS A. Exegy Analysis A detailed exegy analysis includes calculating exegy destuctin, exegy lss, exegetic efficiency, and exegy destuctin ati in each cmpnent f the system alng with the veall system. The exegy destuctin is the amunt f exegy that is lst t the envinment and cannt be used anywhee, e.g. due t system ievesibilities. The exegy lss epesents the amunt f exegy that is tansfeed fm the analyzed system t sme the system. Oveall, in a cntl vlume the steady-state exegy balance can be expessed as: T T E in E ut Q Q W E D 0 (2.) T in T ut E dente, espectively the exegy flw ate f steam enteing a cmpnent system, whee E, in E, Q, ut W and D exegy flw ate f steam leaving a cmpnent system, heat flw ate, mechanical wk tansfe t fm the cntl vlume and ate f exegy destuctin, subscipt 0 dentes the extensive ppety f the system bught in the estictive dead state. ) Exegy Destuctin f at: T E E Q E D, 0 T T E m D, h T s m h T s Q T (2.2) 2) Exegy Destuctin f Cmpess: E E 2 W Cmp E D, Cmp 0 E D Cmp m h Ts m, h2 Ts2 E W Cmp h T s m h2 T s2 m h2 T s D, Cmp m h D, Cmp m 2 s (2.3) E 3) Exegy Destuctin f Cndense: E 2 E E D, Cnd 0 E m h T s m h T D, Cnd 2 2 s (2.4) 4) Exegy Destuctin f Expansin Device (Capillay Tube): E E E D, Exp 0 E D, Exp m h T s m h T s Cpyight t IJIRSET 399

4 ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy D, Exp m T s s (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil 204 E (2.) ) Ttal Exegy Destuctin: E E E D, Tt D, D, Cmp E D, Cnd E D, Exp (2.) ) Pduct Exegy Rate: T E P Q (2.7) T 7) Fuel Exegy Rate: E W (2.8) F Cmp 8) Exegy Balance Equattin Applied t the Whle System: E E (2.9) E F P D, Tt 9) Exegy Efficency: T Q T E P COP vc (2.0) Exeff E F W Cmp COP Whee COP vc is cefficient f pefmance f vapu cmpessin cycle and COP is the cefficient f pefmance f evesible efigeat peating between T and T. Exegetic efficiency measues the ievesibilities f eal peatin with espect t theetical pssible peatin. 0) Efficiency Defect: E D, k EffiDefect k (2.) W Cmp Whee k stands f paticula cmpnent. ) Exegy Destuctin Rati(EDR): E D, Tt COP EDR E COP P vc ex B. Enegetic Pefmance The veall enegetic pefmance f efigeatin is detemined by evaluating its cefficient f pefmance (COP) Q COP (2.3) W Cmp IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSTION Data assumed f the analysis ae given belw: a) Mass flw ate f efigeant ( m ) is ne kg/s. b) Degee f subcling f liquid efigeant is 4 C and degee f supe heating f vapu efigeant is 4 C. c) Isentpic efficiency f cmpess is 7%. d) Range f evapat tempeatue is -40 C t 0 C in a step f 4 C. e) Pesent analysis is caied ut at cndense tempeatue f 40 C and C. f) Pessue dp in evapat is 0.ba and cndense is 0.2ba. g) Dead state tempeatue is 2 C. (2.2) Cpyight t IJIRSET 400

5 ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil 204 h) Diffeence between evapat and space tempeatue (T -T e ) is 2 C. i) Themal exegy lss in cndense is neglected as the bunday f the cndense is assumed t be at the envinment tempeatue. A pgam is made f enegy and exegy analysis f system in Engineeing Equatin slve sftwae. C O P R34a(Tc=33.[K]) R2a(Tc=33.[K]) R290(Tc=33.[K]) R00(Tc=33.[K]) R00a(Tc=33.[K]) R34a(Tc=328.[K]) R2a(Tc=328.[K]) R00(Tc=328.[K]) R290(Tc=328.[K]) R00a(Tc=328.[K]) Fig. 2: Vaiatin f cefficient f pefmance with evapat tempeatue f diffeent efigeants Fig. 2 shws the vaiatin f cefficient f pefmance with evapat tempeatue. Figue epesents a pgessive incease in cefficient f pefmance with incease in evapat tempeatue because efigeating effect incease and wk f cmpessin decease with incease in evapat tempeatue. R2a has highest value f cefficient f pefmance fllwed by R290, R34a, R00a and R00 at 40 C but at C R2a has highest value f cefficient f pefmance fllwed by R34a, R00, R290 and R00a. Cpyight t IJIRSET 40

6 ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil 204 E x eff 0.4 R34a(Tc=33.[K]) 0.42 R34a(Tc=328.[K]) R2a(Tc=33.[K]) R2a(Tc=328.[K]) 0.39 R290(Tc=33.[K]) R290(Tc=328.[K]) 0.3 R00(Tc=33.[K]) R00(Tc=328.[K]) 0.33 R00a(Tc=33.[K]) R00a(Tc=328.[K]) EDR Fig. 3: Vaiatin f exegetic efficiency with evapat tempeatue f diffeent efigeants R34a(Tc=33.[K]) R2a(Tc=33.[K]) R290(Tc=33.[K]) R00(Tc=33.[K]) R00a(Tc=33.[K]) R34a(Tc=328.[K]) R2a(Tc=328.[K]) R290(Tc=328.[K]) R00(Tc=328.[K]) R00a(Tc=328.[K]) Fig. 4: Vaiatin f EDR with evapat tempeatue f diffeent efigeants Fig. 3 and 4 shws the vaiatin f EDR and exegetic efficiency with evapat tempeatue. Rise and fall f exegetic efficiency cuve is because f the fact that with incease in evapat tempeatue, value f Q and W Cmp inceases wheeas value f T deceases. R2a has the highest value f exegetic efficiency fllwed T by R290, R34a, R00a and R00 at 40 C but at C R2a has highest value f exegetic efficiency fllwed by R34a, R290, R00 and R00a. The de is ppsite in case f EDR. Cpyight t IJIRSET 402

7 EffiDefectcmp EffiDefect tv EffiDefect evp ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil R34a(Tc=33.[K]) R34a(Tc=328.[K]) 0.2 R2a(Tc=33.[K]) R2a(Tc=328.[K]) R290(Tc=33.[K]) R290(Tc=328.[K]) 0.2 R00(Tc=33.[K]) R00(Tc=328.[K]) 0.24 R00a(Tc=33.[K]) R00a(Tc=328.[K]) Fig. : Vaiatin f efficiency defect in cmpess with evapat tempeatue f diffeent efigeants R34a(Tc=33.[K]) R2a(Tc=33.[K]) R290(Tc=33.[K]) R00(Tc=33.[K]) R00a(Tc=33.[K]) Fig. : Vaiatin f efficiency defect in thttle valve with evapat tempeatue f diffeent efigeants R34a(Tc=33.[K]) R2a(Tc=33.[K]) R290(Tc=33.[K]) R00(Tc=33.[K]) R00a(Tc=33.[K]) R34a(Tc=328.[K]) R2a(Tc=328.[K]) R290(Tc=328.[K]) R00(Tc=328.[K]) R00a(Tc=328.[K]) Fig. 7: Vaiatin f efficiency defect in evapat with evapat tempeatue f diffeent efigeants R34a(Tc=328.[K]) R2a(Tc=328.[K]) R290(Tc=328.[K]) R00(Tc=328.[K]) R00a(Tc=328.[K]) Cpyight t IJIRSET 403

8 EffiDefect cnd ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil R34a(Tc=33.[K]) R34a(Tc=328.[K]) 0.3 R2a(Tc=33.[K]) R2a(Tc=328.[K]) 0.34 R290(Tc=33.[K]) R290(Tc=328.[K]) 0.32 R00(Tc=328.[K]) R00(Tc=33.[K]) 0.30 R00a(Tc=328.[K]) R00a(Tc=33.[K]) Fig. 8: Vaiatin f efficiency defect in cndense with evapat tempeatue f diffeent efigeants Efficiency defect gives the idea f factin f input enegy destyed in a paticula cmpnent and helps in finding ut wst cmpnent in a system. Fig. pints ut that R00a have highest value f efficiency defect f cmpess fllwed by R00, R290, R34a and R2a. Fig. pints ut that R290 have highest value f efficiency defect f thttle valve fllwed by R34a, R00a, R2a and R00. Fig. 7 pints ut that R00 have highest value f efficiency defect f evapat fllwed by R00a, R2a, R34a and R290. Fig. 8 pints ut that R2a have highest value f efficiency defect f cmpess fllwed by R34a, R290, R00 and R00a. Efficiency defect is highest in cmpess fllwed by cndense, evapat and thttle valve at 40 C but at C efficiency defect is highest in cndense fllwed by cmpess thttle valve and evapat R34a R2a R290 R00 R00a Exeff T 0 [K] Fig. 9: Vaiatin f exegetic efficiency with dead state tempeatue f diffeent efigeants (T e =0 C, T c= C) EDR R34a.80 R2a.40 R R R00a T 0 [K] Fig. 0: Vaiatin f EDR with dead state tempeatue f diffeent efigeants (T e =0 C, T c= C) Cpyight t IJIRSET 404

9 ISSN: Intenatinal Junal f Innvative Reseach in Science, Engineeing and Technlgy (An ISO 3297: 2007 Cetified Oganizatin) Vl. 3, Issue 4, Apil 204 Fig -9 and -0 shws the vaiatin f exegetic efficiency and EDR with dead state tempeatue f diffeent efigeant. With incease in dead state tempeatue value f T decease which esult in incease in exegetic efficiency. T EDR value deceases because EDR is invesely pptinal t exegetic efficiency. R2a has highest value f exegetic efficiency fllwed by R00, R00a, R34a and R290. The de is ppsite in case f EDR. V. CONCLUSION Fllwing cnclusins ae dawn fm the pesent analysis: R2a has the highest value f cefficient f pefmance amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a. R2a has the highest value f exegetic efficiency amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a. R00 has the highest value f EDR amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a at 40 C but at C R00a has the highest value f EDR amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a. R00a has the highest value f Efficiency defect in cmpess amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a. R290 has the highest value f Efficiency defect in thttle valve amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a. R00 has the highest value f Efficiency defect in evapat amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a. R2a has the highest value f Efficiency defect in cndense in evapat amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a. Cndense has highest value f efficiency defect fllwed by cmpess, thttle valve and evapat. R2a has highest value f exegetic efficiency amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a when T vaies between 2 C and C, T e =0 C, T c = C but R290 has highest value f EDR amng R34a, R2a, R290, R00 and R00a f the same cnditin. REFERENCES []. R. Cabell, E. Tella, J. Nava-Esbi, Expeimental evaluatin f a vapu cmpessin plant pefmance using R34a, RR407C and R22 as wking fluids, Applied Themal Engineeing, Vl. 24, pp , [2]. K. Senthil Kuma, K. Rajagpal, Cmputatinal and expeimental investigatin f lw ODP and lw GWP HCFC-23 and HC-290 efigeant mixtue altenative t CFC-2, Enegy Cnvesin and Management, Vl. 48, pp , [3]. B.O.Blaji, M.A. Akintunde, T.O. Falade, Cmpaative analysis f pefmance f thee zne-fiends HFC efigeants in a vapu cmpessin efigeat, Junal f Sustainable Enegy and Envinment, Vl. 2, pp. -4, 20. [4]. B.O.Blaji, Selectin f envinment-fiendly efigeants and the cuent altenatives in vapu cmpessin efigeatin systems, Junal f Science and Management, Vl, N., pp. 22-2, 20. []. A.S. Dalkilic, S. Wngwises, A pefmance f vapu-cmpessin efigeatin system using vaius altenative efigeants, Intenatinal Cmmunicatin in Heat and Mass Tansfe, Vl. 37, pp , 200,. [].Smchai Wngwises, Naes Chimes, Expeimental study f hydcabn mixtues t eplace HFC-34a in a dmestic efigeat, Enegy Cnvesin and Management, Vl. 4, pp. 8-00, 200. [7]. K. Mani, V. Selladuai, Expeimental analysis f a new efigeant mixtue as a dp in eplacement f CFC 2 and HFC 34a, Intenatinal Junal f Themal Science, Vl. 47, pp , [8]. Bukla. Blaji, Exegetic pefmance f a dmestic efigeat using R2 and its altenative efigeants, Junal f Engineeing Science and Technlgy, Vl., N. 4, pp , 200. [9]. Alka Bani Agawal and Vipin Shivastava, Retfitting f vapu cmpessin efigeatin taine by an ec-fiendly efigeant, Indian Junal f Science and Technlgy, Vl. 3, N. 4, pp. 4-48, 200. [0]. Akhilesh Aa and S.C. Kaushik, Theetical analysis f a vapu cmpessin efeigeati System with R02, R404A and R7A, Intenatinal Junal f Refigeatin, Vl. 3, pp , []. Miguel Padilla, Remi Revellin, Jcelyn Bnju, Exegy analysis f R43A as a eplacement f R2 in a dmestic efigeatin system, Enegy Cnvesin and Management, Vl., pp , 200. [2]. M.M. EI-Awad, Validatin f cmputeized analytical mdel f evaluating natual hydcabn mixtues as altenative efigeants, Junal f Sustainable Enegy and Envinment, Vl. 2, pp.7-79, 20. [3]. C.P.Aa, Refigeatin and Ai Cnditining, Tata MeGaw Hill, New Delhi, India, 200. [4]. A., G., Bejan, Tsatsanis, M., Man, Themal design and Optimizatin, Jhn Wiley and sns Inc., 99 []. T.J., Ktas, The Exegy Analysis f Themal Plant Analysis, Buttewths, 98. Cpyight t IJIRSET 40