Scanning Nanoindentation - One example of a quantitative SPM technique
|
|
- Maria Crawford
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Scanning Nanoindentation - One example of a quantitative SPM technique
2 Topics Mechanical characterization on the nanoscale The basic idea Some models Some issues Instrumentation Tribological characteriazation Historical background The difference between macro- and nano-tribology
3 Scanning nanoindentation SPM: Nanoindentation: Excellent surface imaging Well-defined tip-positioning (via imaging) Quantitative mechanical properties are not accessible Quantitative mechanical characterization on the nano scale Blind to the surface + Scanning Nanoindentation: Good surface imaging Well-defined tip-positioning (via imaging) Quantitative mechanical characterization
4 Motivation Macroscopic (some basic examples) Brinell: Steel balls of various diameters are pressed into the material of interest Vickers: 4-sided pyramid (diamond) Rockwell: Steel ball or diamond cone is pressed into a material / indentation depth is used as a measure of hardness hardness = Force Area Microscopic In the ultra low load regime the remaining deformation starts to get too small to track it down optically Depth-sensing indentation instruments are used: A test yields a force-displacement curve Nanoindenter // AFM Load, P loading unloading Displacement, δ
5 Basics First closed solution of elastic contact (two elastic spheres) given by Hertz in 1881 [[i]] In case of a contact of a sphere with an elastic half-space the displacement change and the contact radius are given by [[ii]]: P = 16 R E 9 * 2 ξ 3 / 2 a = 3 P R * 4 E 1/ 3 Assumptions: Small pressures, R large compared to a, contact is frictionless. E*, the so called reduced modulus, is given by: E ν1 1 2 * = + E1 E 2 1 ν Word of warning: Often ξ is mistaken to be δ e, the elastic penetration depth of the sphere into the half-space. This is only true for an infinitely rigid sphere (indenter). Misinterpretation can lead to wrong mechanical data as reported by Chaudhri [[iii]]. [i]. H. Hertz, Über die Berührung fester elastischer Körper, J. reine und angewandte Mathematik, 92, 1882, S [ii]. K. L. Johnson, Contact Mechanics, paperback edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987 [iii]. M. M. Chaudhri, A note on a common mistake in the analysis of nanoindentation data, J. Mat. Res., Vol. 16, No. 2, 2001,
6 Basics Many materials show an elastic-plastic type of behavior, that can be expressed in terms of an elastic and a plastic displacement (δ=δ e +δ p ) of a series of two spring elements (conical indenter): P = 1 C + 1 e C p 2 δ 2 Many theories are based on an approach by Loubet et al. [i], that incorporates the work of Tabor [ii] and Sneddon [iii] surface indenter flat-punch δ e δ p (a) ansatz: Loubet et al. (b) Sneddon [i]. J. L. Loubet, J. M. Georges und G. Meille, Microindentation techniques in material science and engineering, ASTM STP 889, P. J. Blau und B. R. Lawn, Eds., American Society for Testing Materials, 1986, [ii]. D. Tabor, Review of physics in technology, Vol. 1, 1970, [iii]. I. N. Sneddon, Int. J. Engng. Sci., Vol. 3, 1965, 47-57
7 Mechanical characterization (Oliver and Pharr model) Based on Loubet et al. and Sneddon they propose [i] (θ beeing 1, 0.75 and 0.72 for a punch, a rotationparaboloid, and a cone, respectively): δ c = δ P max δ e = δ P max θ P max S loading (P max, δ P max ) Reduced modulus and hardness are given by: load, P unloading S possible range of δ c S H dp dδ P A 2 A π ( δc ) E * ( 2 ν ) P 1 max max ( δ ) c = δ f δ c (θ = 1) δ c (θ = 0,72) displacement, δ [i]. W. C. Oliver und G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res., Vol. 7, No. 6, June 1992, Nearly all of the elements of this analysis were first developed by workers at the Baikov Institute of Metallurgy in Moscow during the 1970's (for a review see Bulychev and Alekhin).
8 Elastic/plastic approach (Field and Swain) An analysis of quasi-static nanoindentation with spherical indenters based on a Herzian contact solution has been carried out by Field and Swain and Bell, Field and Swain. They were able to extend the Hertzian approach to incorporate plastic deformation. In their model they treat the indentation as a reloading of a preformed impression with depth h f into reconformation with the indenter. Using a loading and partially unloading technique they are able to determine hardness and reduced modulus from the appropriate nanoindentation data.
9 Other quasi static models Joslin and Oliver showed that the ratio H/E r2 may be expressed in terms of P and S 2, quantities which are easily and directly measured without need of a tip shape function or contact model. Another quantity which is easily measured is the area enclosed within the indentation hysteresis. This area represents the non-recoverable work done on the material during indentation. (See Gubicza et al.) A number of analyses of the loading data have been performed (see for example Hainsworth et al. or Zeng and Rowcliffe). These always require an assumption about how much of the displacement is due to elastic vs. plastic deformation. Recently Oliver proposed a method to avoid detailed knowledge about the actual tip shape by analyzing the slope of the loading and unloading segment of the test.
10 Comments / Things not included so far Plastic deformation often leads to so-called pile-up around the indent true contact area is changed. Some models exist based on the self-similarity of the indentation process [i] Work hardening: The indentation process itself introduces geometrically necessary dislocations (main work in this area by Nix and Gao [ii]) The assumption of an infinitely rigid indenter does not hold true in case of very hard and stiff samples (hardness > 60 GPa) here the indenter itself will elastically/plastically deform [iii] Effect of surface roughness or any deviation from the ideal half-space geometry there are only very few papers out there dealing with this topic / no model is established Time depended effects (visco-elastic behavior, creep) this is studied by dynamic indentation (not discussed here) some basic models exist Adhesion: Hardly ever discussed in the context of nanoindentation as its usually more relevant in the load regime of an AFM. Existing models include DMT [iv], JKR [v], and Maugis [vi] model [i]. K. W. McElhaney, J. J. Vlassak, and W. D. Nix, J. Mater. Res., Vol. 13, No. 5, 1998, [ii]. W.D. Nix and H. Gao, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 46, No. 3, p. 411, 1998 [iii]. J. C. Hay, A. Bolshakov und G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res., Vol. 14, No. 6, 1999, [iv]. B.V. Derjaguin, V.M. Muller, and Yu.P.Toropov, J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 53, 314 (1975). [v]. K. L. Johnson, K. Kendall, and A. D. Roberts, Proc. R. Soc. London 1971, A324, [vi]. D.J. Maugis, J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 150, 243 (1992).
11 The indentation size effect (ISE) It is often observed that hardness increases as indentation size decreases, even for tests of homogeneous materials. This is known as the indentation size effect (ISE). The ISE has been known for a long time, but the length scale at which it is reported to appear has been decreasing. Many reports of ISE are actually due to artifacts: surface layers that where not accounted for, poor tip shape calibration, etc. Recent explanations invoke the need for geometrical necessary dislocations to explain hardness effects: Although nanoindentation with a pyramid or cone indenter may be self similar, dislocations have a length scale fixed by the Burgers vector. Nix and Gao show that such considerations lead to In this equation H is the hardness, H 0 the hardness at infinite depth, h the indentation depth and h* a characteristic length that depends on the shape of the indenter
12 Surface roughness As sample roughness does have a significant effect on the measured mechanical properties, one could either try to incorporate a model to account for the roughness or try to use large indentation depths at which the influence of the surface roughness is neglectable. A model to account for roughness effects on the measured hardness is proposed by Bobji and Biswas. Nevertheless it should be noticed that any model will only be able to account for surface roughnesses which are on lateral dimensions significantly smaller compared to the geometry of the indent good bad
13 Creep measurements by nanoindentation Although most mechanical property measurements, including elastic and elastic/plastic nanoindentation analyses, assume a single monotonic relationship between stress and strain, in reality plastic deformation in all materials is time and temperature dependent on some scale. In practical terms, time-dependent deformation is usually thought to be important when the temperature is greater than Tm, where Tm is the absolute melting temperature. If one plots log(σ) vs. log(dε/dt), the data fall on a straight line with slope n = 1/m, where n is the strain rate sensitivity In an indentation experiment, there is a distribution of stress and strain. Nonetheless, Mayo and Nix presented a method whereby the strain rate sensitivity can be obtained from nanoindentation measurements. The stress is simply obtained as the average pressure under the indenter, which is just the hardness. At each point under the indenter, the strain rate must scale with the indenter descent rate divided by the current contact depth. They thus consider the average strain rate to be
14 Thin film models (Young s Modulus) The majority of models proposed in the context of determination of mechanical properties of thin films are based on a phenomenological or semi-phenomenological approaches. A "rule of thumb" for hardness measurements which is still popular and well-known is the 1/10- rule of Bückle Models that describe the behavior of the measured Young's Modulus of a film substrate system: Doerner und Nix propose a fundamental approach. They treat Indenter, film and substrate as a series of springs. Bhattacharya and Nix pick up the model of Doerner and Nix and introduce some smaller changes. They obtain a good agreement between their model and some FEM calculations. Gao, Chiu and Lee draft one of the few analytical models utilizing an approach similar to the image of Loubet, Georges and Meille of the possibility to ascribe the elastic part of the unloading to an unloading of a flat punsh indenter with identical contact area. Swain and Weppelmann are able to show that it is possible to apply the approach of Gao et al. to spherical indenters too. A complete analytical solution of the stress- and strain-field for a spherical indenter in case of a Hertzian contact is given by Schwarzer, Richter and Hecht.
15 Thin film models (Hardness) Models that describe the behavior of the measured hardness of a film substrate system: Bhattacharya and Nix propose a simple model based on FEM observations. Fabes et al. present a volume fraction model - an advancement of the area-law-ofmixture approach from Joensson and Hogmark - and compare this model with the one from Bhattacharya and Nix. In this case their model showed a better performance in reproducing their experimental data; in generell the model from Fabes et al. is yet a bit more demanding with respect to knowledge of parameters that should be (or have to be) known prior to modelling. Korsunsky et al., whose work bases on the work of McGurk et al. and McGurk and Page, propose a good model for the case of hard films on soft substrates which was originally derived in order to understand cracking in those systems.
16 Example Modeling of film hardness: a-c:h / Si(100) Film/substrate hardness models Korsunsky et al.: Hf H H s m = Hs + 2 δ 1+ k df Bhattacharya und Nix: Hm = Hs + δ α d ( H H ) e f f s measured hardness [GPa] I II Measured values Korsunsky et al. Bhattacharya und Nix III 0, δ / d f
17 Dynamic indentation (nanodma) Models used by (a) Pethica and Oliver, and (b) Syed Asif and Pethica. M is the mass of the indenter, C and K are the damping and spring constants. The indices i, m and s represent the indentation transducer, machine load frame, and sample, respectively. With Km = Asif and Pethica conclude: with
18 How to generate a force pro long displacement range (on the order of mm) approximately linear I-P behavior over the entire displacement range wide load range (up to several N) pick and push possible con large (10 cm) and heavy (on the order of kg) current in the load coil generates heat that leads to thermal drift pro small size of the system good temperature stability con limited load range limited displacement range (in the order of tenths of microns) usually only one possible direction of tip movement - its possible to push but not to pull.
19 Our experimental setup Indentation and scratch testing: 500 Load-Displacement Data (fused silica) Surface imaging and tip-positioning Apply a load while measuring displacement of the tip Analyze the force vs. Displacement data Load [µn] holding: quasi-static dynamic x movement Displacement [nm] springs Load unloading z movement loading Time Center plate Additional options: Driving plates sample b Indenter Dynamic testing Tribological testing Scanning probe microscope
20 What is possible and what s not: cube-corner / fused quartz (depth controlled indentation) nm 2 (5 nm z-scale)
21 Available tip shapes Berkovich Indenter (standard tip) Three sided pyramid (same depth to area relation as a Vickers indenter but easier to fabricate with small tip radii) Typical tip radius of nm Cube-corner indenter Usually used in the context of ultra thin films (< 10 nm) Tip radius about 50 nm Conical indenters Usually used in tribological applications as well as to study any crystallographic effects on mechanical testing Tip radii vary from 0.5 to 100 µm (commercially available) Flat-punch indenters Custom made tips from CAS (Prof. Gu)
22 Tribological properties of a surface on the nanoscale some considerations DLC on Si x = 2 µm y = 12 µm z = 6 nm 226nm 14nm Si
23 Some historical notes on tribology Leonardo da Vinci Basic documentation of frictional forces Guillaume Amontons Frictional forces depend on normal force present Roughness is used to explain friction Leonhard Euler Detailed studies of friction phenomena Introduction of the friction coefficient µ Charles Augustin Coulomb Fundamental description based on the work of Amontons
24 Motivation Macroscopic approaches Application based test methods Pin-on-disk tester Carlo-Tester Scratch tester Micro/nanoscopic Micro-Scratch-Tester AFM-based scratch- and area wear tests Combination of AFM and Nanoindenter Scanning Nanoindenter
25 Tribology Parameters of interest Test environment Test method Humidity, ambient, temperature Contact geometry Macroscopic (sphere-plane, plane-plane, others) Microscopic (roughness, asperity radii, etc.) Materials properties Mechanical properties Chemical properties Egyptians using lubricant to aid movement of Colossus, El-Bersheh, about 1800 BC
26 If all environmental conditions are kept constant Focus on geometry and materials effects on friction and wear Geometry Macroscopic friction is often described by Amontons law and is independent of real contact area Microscopic contacts: real and apparent contact area are similar Possible to observe contact area dependence of friction (in microscopic case) Materials parameters These are the ones one is usually interested in Increasing contact pressure Goal is to eliminate geometry effects in microscopic & mesoscopic tribological testing
27 Different phases of a nanoscratch (film/substrate) elastic non-elastic processes (b) phase I 1 phase IIb non-elastic processes (a) phase IIa friction coefficient phase I phase III 0,1 phase II 0, Load [µn] Example: 20 nm DLC on Si (100) substrate contact phase III
28 True contact area Hertz contact mechanics: Greenwood & Williams (mod. by Johnson): A Hertz 3 RTip = π Load 4 * E 2/3 A π p = A0 σ s κ s E * Iteration process as one has to plug an effective reduced modulus into the Hertz equation (this one assumes an ideal sphere half-space contact) Once the nominal contact area is identified it is possible to calculate the true area of contact for any surface that shows a Gaussian height distribution by using the model of Johnson (based on Greenwood and Williams)
29 Example: Influence of environment on friction a-c:h-films on a Si(100) substrate / conical diamond indenter (6.5 µm tipradius) Coefficient of friction µ Reibungskoeffizient µ Air, 50% RH 0,13 0,13 Nitrogen, Luft, 50% RH 0,12 Nitrogen, Stickstoff, 30% 0% RH RH 0,12 Nitrogen, Stickstoff, 70 % 30% RH RH 0,11 Stickstoff, 70 % RH 0,11 0,10 0,10 0,09 0,09 0,08 0,08 0,07 0, Load [µn] Last [µn] Coefficient of friction µ (2250 µn) 0,090 0,085 0,080 0,075 0, Relative humidity [%]
IMPROVED METHOD TO DETERMINE THE HARDNESS AND ELASTIC MODULI USING NANO-INDENTATION
KMITL Sci. J. Vol. 5 No. Jan-Jun 005 IMPROVED METHOD TO DETERMINE THE HARDNESS AND ELASTIC MODULI USING NANO-INDENTATION Nurot Panich*, Sun Yong School of Materials Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,
More informationAnalysis of contact deformation between a coated flat plate and a sphere and its practical application
Computer Methods and Experimental Measurements for Surface Effects and Contact Mechanics VII 307 Analysis of contact deformation between a coated flat plate and a sphere and its practical application T.
More informationEFFECT OF STRAIN HARDENING ON ELASTIC-PLASTIC CONTACT BEHAVIOUR OF A SPHERE AGAINST A RIGID FLAT A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009 (ICME2009) 26-28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh ICME09- EFFECT OF STRAIN HARDENING ON ELASTIC-PLASTIC CONTACT BEHAVIOUR OF A
More informationNonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Nano- Indentation Group Members: Shuaifang Zhang, Kangning Su. ME 563: Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis.
ME 563: Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Spring 2016 Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Nano- Indentation Group Members: Shuaifang Zhang, Kangning Su Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering,
More informationA Numerical Study on the Nanoindentation Response of a Particle Embedded in a Matrix
A Numerical Study on the Nanoindentation Response of a Particle Embedded in a Matrix Teck Fei Low B Mechatronics Eng (Hons) Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for Master of Engineering
More informationKeysight Technologies Instrumented Indentation Testing with the Keysight Nano Indenter G200. Application Note
Keysight Technologies Instrumented Indentation Testing with the Keysight Nano Indenter G200 Application Note Introduction The scale of materials and machined components continues to decrease with advances
More informationA Laboratory Experiment Using Nanoindentation to Demonstrate the Indentation Size Effect
Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Faculty Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 2013 A Laboratory Experiment Using Nanoindentation to Demonstrate the Indentation Size Effect Wendelin Wright Bucknell
More informationContact Modeling of Rough Surfaces. Robert L. Jackson Mechanical Engineering Department Auburn University
Contact Modeling of Rough Surfaces Robert L. Jackson Mechanical Engineering Department Auburn University Background The modeling of surface asperities on the micro-scale is of great interest to those interested
More informationNano-Scale Effect in Adhesive Friction of Sliding Rough Surfaces
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Vol. 1, No. 4, 015, pp. 06-13 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/jnn Nano-Scale Effect in Adhesive Friction of Sliding Rough Surfaces Prasanta Sahoo * Department
More informationA General Equation for Fitting Contact Area and Friction vs Load Measurements
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 211, 395 400 (1999) Article ID jcis.1998.6027, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on A General Equation for Fitting Contact Area and Friction vs Load
More informationNotes on Rubber Friction
Notes on Rubber Friction 2011 A G Plint Laws of Friction: In dry sliding between a given pair of materials under steady conditions, the coefficient of friction may be almost constant. This is the basis
More informationExtraction of Plastic Properties of Aluminum Single Crystal Using Berkovich Indentation
Materials Transactions, Vol. 51, No. 11 (2010) pp. 2104 to 2108 #2010 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Extraction of Plastic Properties of Aluminum Single Crystal Using Berkovich Indentation
More informationExperimental Investigation of Fully Plastic Contact of a Sphere Against a Hard Flat
J. Jamari e-mail: j.jamari@ctw.utwente.nl D. J. Schipper University of Twente, Surface Technology and Tribology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Drienerloolaan 5, Postbus 17, 7500 AE, Enschede, The
More informationIdentification of model parameters from elastic/elasto-plastic spherical indentation
Thomas Niederkofler a, Andreas Jäger a, Roman Lackner b a Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures (IMWS), Department of Civil Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria b
More informationADHESION OF AN AXISYMMETRIC ELASTIC BODY: RANGES OF VALIDITY OF MONOMIAL APPROXIMATIONS AND A TRANSITION MODEL
ADHESION OF AN AXISYMMETRIC ELASTIC BODY: RANGES OF VALIDITY OF MONOMIAL APPROXIMATIONS AND A TRANSITION MODEL A Thesis Presented By Fouad Oweiss to The Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
More informationAn improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments
An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments W. C. Oliver Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
More informationStructural and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructures
Master s in nanoscience Nanostructural properties Mechanical properties Structural and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructures Prof. Angel Rubio Dr. Letizia Chiodo Dpto. Fisica de Materiales, Facultad
More informationIntroductory guide to measuring the mechanical properties of nanoobjects/particles
Jeremias Seppä MIKES Metrology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland Contents: AFM Cantilever calibration F-d curves and cantilever bending Hitting the particles
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEL USING NANOINDENTATION
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEL USING NANOINDENTATION Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD & Jorge Ramirez 6 Morgan, Ste156, Irvine CA 9618 P: 949.461.99 F: 949.461.93 nanovea.com Today's standard for tomorrow's
More informationFine adhesive particles A contact model including viscous damping
Fine adhesive particles A contact model including viscous damping CHoPS 2012 - Friedrichshafen 7 th International Conference for Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids Friedrichshafen, 12 th September
More informationEFFECT OF PILE-UP ON THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEEL WITH DIFFERENT STRAIN HISTORY BY DEPTH SENSING INDENTATION
EFFECT OF PILE-UP ON THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEEL WITH DIFFERENT STRAIN HISTORY BY DEPTH SENSING INDENTATION Peter BURIK 1,a, Ladislav PEŠEK 2,b, Lukáš VOLESKÝ 1,c 1 Technical University of
More informationSession 15: Measuring Substrate-Independent Young s Modulus of Thin Films
Session 15: Measuring Substrate-Independent Young s Modulus of Thin Films Jennifer Hay Factory Application Engineer Nano-Scale Sciences Division Agilent Technologies jenny.hay@agilent.com To view previous
More informationME 383S Bryant February 17, 2006 CONTACT. Mechanical interaction of bodies via surfaces
ME 383S Bryant February 17, 2006 CONTACT 1 Mechanical interaction of bodies via surfaces Surfaces must touch Forces press bodies together Size (area) of contact dependent on forces, materials, geometry,
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Volume 4, No 1, 2013
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Volume 4, No 1, 2013 Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0 Research article ISSN 0976 4399 Nanoindentation
More informationApplication of nanoindentation technique to extract properties of thin films through experimental and numerical analysis
Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2010 Application of nanoindentation technique to extract properties of thin films through experimental and numerical analysis A. WYMYSŁOWSKI 1*, Ł. DOWHAŃ 1, O.
More informationCONSIDERATIONS ON NANOHARDNESS MEASUREMENT
CONSIDERATIONS ON NANOHARDNESS MEASUREMENT Z. Rymuza 1, M. Misiak 1 and J.T. Wyrobek 2 1 Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Department of Mechatronics Warsaw University of Technology, Chodkiewicza
More informationNanoindentation of Polymers: An Overview
Nanoindentation of Polymers: An Overview Mark R. VanLandingham*, John S. Villarrubia, Will F. Guthrie, and Greg F. Meyers National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD
More informationInfluence of friction in material characterization in microindentation measurement
Influence of friction in material characterization in microindentation measurement W.C. Guo a,b,, G. Rauchs c, W.H. Zhang b, J.P. Ponthot a a LTAS. Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University
More informationCharacterisation Programme Polymer Multi-scale Properties Industrial Advisory Group 22 nd April 2008
Characterisation Programme 6-9 Polymer Multi-scale Properties Industrial Advisory Group nd April 8 SE: Improved Design and Manufacture of Polymeric Coatings Through the Provision of Dynamic Nano-indentation
More informationNano-indentation of silica and silicate glasses. Russell J. Hand & Damir Tadjiev Department of Engineering Materials University of Sheffield
Nano-indentation of silica and silicate glasses Russell J. Hand & Damir Tadjiev Department of Engineering Materials University of Sheffield Acknowledgements Pierre Samson Dr Simon Hayes Dawn Bussey EPSRC
More informationSTUDIES ON NANO-INDENTATION OF POLYMERIC THIN FILMS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
STUDIES ON NANO-INDENTATION OF POLYMERIC THIN FILMS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODS Shen Xiaojun, Yi Sung, Lallit Anand Singapore-MIT Alliance E4-04-0, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 7576 Zeng Kaiyang Institute
More information3-D Finite Element Analysis of Instrumented Indentation of Transversely Isotropic Materials
3-D Finite Element Analysis of Instrumented Indentation of Transversely Isotropic Materials Abstract: Talapady S. Bhat and T. A. Venkatesh Department of Material Science and Engineering Stony Brook University,
More informationDetermining the Elastic Modulus and Hardness of an Ultrathin Film on a Substrate Using Nanoindentation
Determining the Elastic Modulus and Hardness of an Ultrathin Film on a Substrate Using Nanoindentation The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits
More informationA FINITE ELEMENT STUDY OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC HEMISPHERICAL CONTACT BEHAVIOR AGAINST A RIGID FLAT UNDER VARYING MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AND SPHERE RADIUS
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009 (ICME2009) 26-28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh ICME09- A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC HEMISPHERICAL CONTACT BEHAVIOR
More information8. Contact Mechanics DE2-EA 2.1: M4DE. Dr Connor Myant 2017/2018
DE2-EA 2.1: M4DE Dr Connor Myant 2017/2018 8. Contact Mechanics Comments and corrections to connor.myant@imperial.ac.uk Lecture resources may be found on Blackboard and at http://connormyant.com Contents
More informationSupplementary Material
Mangili et al. Supplementary Material 2 A. Evaluation of substrate Young modulus from AFM measurements 3 4 5 6 7 8 Using the experimental correlations between force and deformation from AFM measurements,
More informationEffect of Strain Hardening on Unloading of a Deformable Sphere Loaded against a Rigid Flat A Finite Element Study
Effect of Strain Hardening on Unloading of a Deformable Sphere Loaded against a Rigid Flat A Finite Element Study Biplab Chatterjee, Prasanta Sahoo 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University
More informationA Finite Element Study of the Contact Stiffness of Homogenous Materials and Thin Films
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2007 A Finite Element Study of the Contact Stiffness of Homogenous Materials
More informationMat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol Materials Research Society
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 738 2003 Materials Research Society G7.26.1 Determination of the Plastic Behavior of Low Thermal Expansion Glass at the Nanometer Scale Richard Tejeda, 1 Roxann Engelstad,
More informationPerformance and Control of the Agilent Nano Indenter DCM
Performance and Control of the Agilent Nano Indenter DCM Application Note Introduction With new materials and material applications come new test challenges. As these new challenges emerge in materials
More informationFrictional characteristics of exfoliated and epitaxial graphene
Frictional characteristics of exfoliated and epitaxial graphene Young Jun Shin a,b, Ryan Stromberg c, Rick Nay c, Han Huang d, Andrew T. S. Wee d, Hyunsoo Yang a,b,*, Charanjit S. Bhatia a a Department
More informationSupplementary Information: Nanoscale heterogeneity promotes energy dissipation in bone
Supplementary Information: Nanoscale heterogeneity promotes energy dissipation in bone KUANGSHIN TAI, * MING DAO, * SUBRA SURESH,, AHMET PALAZOGLU, & AND CHRISTINE ORTIZ Department of Materials Science
More informationDetermining the Elastic Modulus and Hardness of an Ultrathin Film on a Substrate Using Nanoindentation
Determining the Elastic Modulus and Hardness of an Ultrathin Film on a Substrate Using Nanoindentation The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits
More informationRoughness picture of friction in dry nanoscale contacts
Roughness picture of friction in dry nanoscale contacts Yifei Mo 1 and Izabela Szlufarska 1,2 1 Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1595, USA 2 Department of Materials
More informationCONTACT MODEL FOR A ROUGH SURFACE
23 Paper presented at Bucharest, Romania CONTACT MODEL FOR A ROUGH SURFACE Sorin CĂNĂNĂU Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Dep. of Machine Elements & Tribology, ROMANIA s_cananau@yahoo.com ABSTRACT
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Weber, B. A. (2017). Sliding friction: From microscopic contacts to Amontons law
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Sliding friction Weber, B.A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Weber, B. A. (2017). Sliding friction: From microscopic contacts to Amontons
More information! Importance of Particle Adhesion! History of Particle Adhesion! Method of measurement of Adhesion! Adhesion Induced Deformation
! Importance of Particle Adhesion! History of Particle Adhesion! Method of measurement of Adhesion! Adhesion Induced Deformation! JKR and non-jkr Theory! Role of Electrostatic Forces! Conclusions Books:
More informationDetermination of the mechanical properties of metallic thin lms and substrates from indentation tests
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A, 2002, VOL. 82, NO. 10, 2013±2029 Determination of the mechanical properties of metallic thin lms and substrates from indentation tests K. Tunvisut, E. P. Busso, N. P. O Dowdy
More informationInstrumented Indentation Testing
Instrumented Indentation Testing J.L. Hay, MTS Systems Corporation G.M. Pharr, The University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION TESTING (IIT), also known as depth-sensing
More informationA CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF NANOINDENTATION WITH APPLICATION TO ELASTIC-PLASTIC SOLIDS AND SOFT MATERIALS
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF NANOINDENTATION WITH APPLICATION TO ELASTIC-PLASTIC SOLIDS AND SOFT MATERIALS Thesis By Poh Chieh Benny Poon In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor
More informationNanoindentation of Hard Coatings. Internship report of Niels Consten
Nanoindentation of Hard Coatings Internship report of Niels Consten Title Page INFORMATION STUDENT Name: Niels Consten Student number: s0182745 INFORMATION UNIVERSITY Institution: University of Twente
More informationNumerical modeling of sliding contact
Numerical modeling of sliding contact J.F. Molinari 1) Atomistic modeling of sliding contact; P. Spijker, G. Anciaux 2) Continuum modeling; D. Kammer, V. Yastrebov, P. Spijker pj ICTP/FANAS Conference
More informationInstrumented indentation testing (IIT) is a technique for
FEATURE Nanomechanical Characterization of Materials by Nanoindentation Series INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION TESTING by J. Hay Instrumented indentation testing (IIT) is a technique for measuring
More informationContents. Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII. 1 Introduction 1
V Contents Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII 1 Introduction 1 2 Van der Waals Forces 5 2.1 Van der Waals Forces Between Molecules 5 2.1.1 Coulomb Interaction 5 2.1.2 Monopole Dipole Interaction
More informationAN EXPLANATION FOR THE SHAPE OF NANOINDENTATION UNLOADING CURVES BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION
AN EXPLANATON FOR THE SHAPE OF NANONDENTATON UNLOADNG CURVES BASED ON FNTE ELEMENT SMULATON A BOLSHAKOV*, WC OLVER**, and GM PHARR* *Department of Materials Science, Rice University, POBox 1892, Houston,
More informationNumerical and Experimental Study of the Roughness Effects on Mechanical Properties of AISI316L by Nanoindentation
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science, 2014, 4, 153-162 Published Online October 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/mnsms http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/mnsms.2014.44017 Numerical
More information197 1st Avenue, Suite 120, Needham MA Tel Fax
197 1st Avenue, Suite 120, Needham MA 02494 Tel 781-444-2250 Fax 781-444-2251 USinfo@csm-instruments.com www.csm-instruments.com //// T 09 113 Wear and Friction Analysis of Thin Coatings An in-depth study
More informationGLASS HARDNESS AND ELASTIC MODULUS DETERMINATION BY NANOINDENTATION USING DISPLACEMENT AND ENERGY METHODS
Original papers GLASS HARDNESS AND ELASTIC MODULUS DETERMINATION BY NANOINDENTATION USING DISPLACEMENT AND ENERGY METHODS ABDELLAH CHORFA*, MOHAMED ABDERAHIM MADJOUBI**, MOHAMED HAMIDOUCHE** NADIR BOURAS**,
More informationA Finite Element Study of Elastic-Plastic Hemispherical Contact Behavior against a Rigid Flat under Varying Modulus of Elasticity and Sphere Radius
Engineering, 2010, 2, 205-211 doi:10.4236/eng.2010.24030 Published Online April 2010 (http://www. SciRP.org/journal/eng) 205 A Finite Element Study of Elastic-Plastic Hemispherical Contact Behavior against
More informationTSOM Webinar on Instrumented Indentation.. Dr. Ilja Hermann
TSOM Webinar on Instrumented Indentation. Dr. Ilja Hermann 11-19-015 Outline Motivation Theory of instrumented-indentation Experimental aspects NanoForce Application examples Motivation Why do we need
More informationRHK Technology Brief
The Atomic Force Microscope as a Critical Tool for Research in Nanotribology Rachel Cannara and Robert W. Carpick Nanomechanics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin Madison Department of Engineering Physics,
More informationElastic-plastic Contact of a Deformable Sphere Against a Rigid Flat for Varying Material Properties Under Full Stick Contact Condition
B. CHATTERJEE, P. SAHOO Elastic-plastic Contact of a Deformable Sphere Against a Rigid Flat for Varying Material Properties Under Full Stick Contact Condition RESEARCH The present study considers finite
More informationContact Mechanics and Elements of Tribology
Contact Mechanics and Elements of Tribology Foreword Vladislav A. Yastrebov MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Centre des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7633, Evry, France @ Centre des Matériaux February 8,
More informationFinite element analysis of indentation experiments J.M. Olaf Fraunhofer-Insitut fur Werkstoffmechanik, Wohlerstr. 11, D-W Freiburg, Germany
Finite element analysis of indentation experiments J.M. Olaf Fraunhofer-Insitut fur Werkstoffmechanik, Wohlerstr. 11, D-W- 7800 Freiburg, Germany ABSTRACT There are only a few methods suitable for a quantitative
More informationNANOINDENTATION STUDIES OF PAPER
Progress in Paper Physics Seminar 2008 - June 2-5, Otaniemi Finland NANOINDENTATION STUDIES OF PAPER B. F. West 1, B. T. Hotle 2, J. E. Jakes 3,4, J. M. Considine 3, R. E. Rowlands 1 and K. T. Turner 1,4
More informationPrinceton University. Adhsion and Interfacial Failure in Drug Eluting Stents
Princeton University Adhsion and Interfacial Failure in Drug Eluting Stents Princeton University Background and Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death across the world It represents
More informationNumerical comparison between Berkovich and conical nano-indentations: mechanical behaviour and micro-texture evolution
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2014 Numerical comparison between Berkovich and
More informationSupplementary Figures
Fracture Strength (GPa) Supplementary Figures a b 10 R=0.88 mm 1 0.1 Gordon et al Zhu et al Tang et al im et al 5 7 6 4 This work 5 50 500 Si Nanowire Diameter (nm) Supplementary Figure 1: (a) TEM image
More informationUNLOADING OF AN ELASTIC-PLASTIC LOADED SPHERICAL CONTACT
2004 AIMETA International Tribology Conference, September 14-17, 2004, Rome, Italy UNLOADING OF AN ELASTIC-PLASTIC LOADED SPHERICAL CONTACT Yuri KLIGERMAN( ), Yuri Kadin( ), Izhak ETSION( ) Faculty of
More informationThe plastic behaviour of silicon subjected to micro-indentation
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 31 (1996) 5671-5676 The plastic behaviour of silicon subjected to micro-indentation L. ZHANG, M. MAHDI Centre for Advanced Materials Technology, Department of Mechanical and
More informationSupporting Information. Interfacial Shear Strength of Multilayer Graphene Oxide Films
Supporting Information Interfacial Shear Strength of Multilayer Graphene Oxide Films Matthew Daly a,1, Changhong Cao b,1, Hao Sun b, Yu Sun b, *, Tobin Filleter b, *, and Chandra Veer Singh a, * a Department
More informationAdvanced Friction Modeling in Sheet Metal Forming
Advanced Friction Modeling in Sheet Metal Forming J.Hol 1,a, M.V. Cid Alfaro 2, T. Meinders 3, J. Huétink 3 1 Materials innovation institute (M2i), P.O. box 58, 26 GA Delft, The Netherlands 2 Tata Steel
More informationCopyright 2013 Tech Science Press MCB, vol.10, no.1, pp.27-42, 2013
Copyright 213 Tech Science Press MCB, vol.1, no.1, pp.27-42, 213 Derivation of the Stress-Strain Behavior of the constituents of Bio-Inspired Layered TiO 2 /PE-Nanocomposites by Inverse Modeling Based
More informationPrediction of the bilinear stress-strain curve of engineering material by nanoindentation test
Prediction of the bilinear stress-strain curve of engineering material by nanoindentation test T.S. Yang, T.H. Fang, C.T. Kawn, G.L. Ke, S.Y. Chang Institute of Mechanical & Electro-Mechanical Engineering,
More informationNOTICE: this is the author s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Mechanics of Materials. Changes resulting from the publishing
NOTICE: this is the author s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Mechanics of Materials. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural
More informationNanoindentation shape effect: experiments, simulations and modelling
IOP PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONDENSED MATTER J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19 (2007) 395002 (12pp) doi:10.1088/0953-8984/19/39/395002 Nanoindentation shape effect: experiments, simulations and modelling
More informationDetermining thermal noise limiting properties of thin films
Determining thermal noise limiting properties of thin films Courtney Linn Institute for Gravitational Research University of Glasgow Summer 2011 Abstract In order to make thermally stable mirrors to be
More informationNanoindentation. M. R. VanLandingham, Review of instrumented indentation, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 108, (2003).
Nanoindentation References Nanoindentation, nd Ed., Antony C. Fiscer-Cripps, Springer, 010. Introduction to Contact Mecanics, nd Ed., Antony C. Fiscer-Cripps, Springer, 007. Contact Mecanics, Kennet L.
More informationROCK TRIBOLOGY USING TRIBOMETER
ROCK TRIBOLOGY USING TRIBOMETER Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD 6 Morgan, Ste156, Irvine CA 92618 P: 949.461.9292 F: 949.461.9232 nanovea.com Today's standard for tomorrow's materials. 2015 NANOVEA INTRO Rocks
More informationNAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL THESIS
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS MODELING OF IMPRESSION TESTING TO OBTAIN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD-FREE SOLDERS MICROELECTRONIC INTERCONNECTS by How, Yew Seng December 2005 Thesis
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Weber, B. A. (2017). Sliding friction: From microscopic contacts to Amontons law
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Sliding friction Weber, B.A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Weber, B. A. (217). Sliding friction: From microscopic contacts to Amontons
More informationNormal contact and friction of rubber with model randomly rough surfaces
Normal contact and friction of rubber with model randomly rough surfaces S. Yashima 1-2, C. Fretigny 1 and A. Chateauminois 1 1. Soft Matter Science and Engineering Laboratory - SIMM Ecole Supérieure de
More informationChapter 3 Contact Resistance Model with Adhesion between Contact
Chapter 3 Contact Resistance Model with Adhesion between Contact Surfaces In this chapter, I develop a contact resistance model that includes adhesion between contact surfaces. This chapter is organized
More informationDynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of Polymers by Oscillatory Indentation
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of Polymers by Oscillatory Indentation By Jennifer Hay, Nanomechanics, Inc. Abstract This application note teaches the theory and practice of measuring the complex modulus
More informationCHAPTER 17 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN POLYMER FILMS WITHIN CONTACTS
CHAPTER 7 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN POLYMER FILMS WITHIN CONTACTS Antoine Chateauminois, Christian Fretigny and Eric Gacoin Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés(PPMD),
More informationChapter 2 A Simple, Clean-Metal Contact Resistance Model
Chapter A Simple, Clean-Metal Contact Resistance Model A contact resistance model is presented in this chapter. The model assumes that the contact surfaces are clean, that is, there are no insulating films
More informationKeysight Technologies Young s Modulus of Dielectric Low-k Materials. Application Note
Keysight Technologies Young s Modulus of Dielectric Low-k Materials Application Note Introduction In digital circuits, insulating dielectrics separate the conducting parts (wire interconnects and transistors)
More informationCOMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF THE FORWARD AND REVERSE PROBLEMS IN INSTRUMENTED SHARP INDENTATION
Acta mater. 49 (2001) 3899 3918 www.elsevier.com/locate/actamat COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF THE FORWARD AND REVERSE PROBLEMS IN INSTRUMENTED SHARP INDENTATION M. DAO, N. CHOLLACOOP, K. J. VAN VLIET, T. A.
More informationRolling, Sliding and Torsion friction of single silica microspheres: Comparison of nanoindentation based experimental data with DEM simulation Part A
Faculty of Science and Technology Chair of Surface and Materials Technology Institute of Materials Engineering Rolling, Sliding and Torsion friction of single silica microspheres: Comparison of nanoindentation
More informationADVANCED DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF A TIRE SAMPLE BY NANOINDENTATION
ADVANCED DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF A TIRE SAMPLE BY NANOINDENTATION Duanjie Li and Pierre Leroux, Nanovea, Irvine, CA Abstract The viscoelastic properties of a tire sample are comprehensively studied
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Information for Manuscript: Nanoscale wear as a stress-assisted chemical reaction Supplementary Methods For each wear increment, the diamond indenter was slid laterally relative to the silicon
More informationInternational Journal of Solids and Structures
International Journal of Solids and Structures 45 (2008) 6018 6033 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Solids and Structures journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijsolstr
More informationScratching of Elastic/Plastic Materials With Hard Spherical Indenters
Shane E. Flores Michael G. Pontin Frank W. Zok Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Scratching of Elastic/Plastic Materials With Hard Spherical Indenters A mechanistic
More informationA simple model for elastic and viscoelastic punch. indentation problems with experimental validation
A simple model for elastic and viscoelastic punch indentation problems with experimental validation A. SAMEUR, H. P. YIN, D. DUHAMEL, V. VILKE Université Paris-Est, Institut Navier, LAMI, Ecole Nationale
More informationFinite Element Modeling of Nanoindentation on C S H: Effect of Pile up and Contact Friction E. Sarris 1 and G. Constantinides 1,2
NICOM 4: 4th International Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction Finite Element Modeling of Nanoindentation on C S H: Effect of Pile up and Contact Friction E. Sarris 1 and G. Constantinides 1,2
More informationDetermination of the elastic modulus and hardness of sol gel coatings on glass: influence of indenter geometry
Ž. Thin Solid Films 372 2000 134 143 Determination of the elastic modulus and hardness of sol gel coatings on glass: influence of indenter geometry J. Malzbender a,, G. de With a, J.M.J. den Toonder b
More informationA COMPACT MODEL FOR SPHERICAL ROUGH CONTACTS
A COMPACT MODEL FOR SPHERICAL ROUGH CONTACTS Majid Bahrami M. M. Yovanovich J. R. Culham Microelectronics Heat Transfer Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Waterloo Ontario, Canada
More informationMethodology for the evaluation of yield strength and hardening behavior of metallic materials by indentation with spherical tip
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 94, NUMBER 1 1 JULY 2003 Methodology for the evaluation of yield strength and hardening behavior of metallic materials by indentation with spherical tip Dejun Ma Department
More informationThe extended Hertzian theory and its uses in analysing indentation experiments
The extended Hertzian theory and its uses in analysing indentation experiments Norbert Schwarzer To cite this version: Norbert Schwarzer. The extended Hertzian theory and its uses in analysing indentation
More informationContact Mechanics Modeling of Homogeneous and Layered Elastic-Plastic Media: Surface Roughness and Adhesion Effects
Contact Mechanics Modeling of Homogeneous and Layered Elastic-Plastic Media: Surface Roughness and Adhesion Effects By Zhichao Song A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements
More information