Latest achievements in the field of dye sensitized and perovskite solar cells Anders Hagfeldt Laboratory of Photomolecular Sciences (LSPM)

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1 15 e Congrès photovoltaïque national, Lausanne, March 23, 2017 Latest achievements in the field of dye sensitized and perovskite solar cells Anders Hagfeldt Laboratory of Photomolecular Sciences (LSPM)

2 Welcome to Lausanne! Brief update on Dye-sensitized solar cells Minimizing internal potential losses Cu-complex redox species Perovskite solar cells Mixed compositions Stable perovskite solar cells

3 DSC niche applications Indoor Intermittent and Diffuse Light Design Appearance North-West Orientation High Voltage Vertical Facades

4 Photovoltaic hedge as power source for electric car charging station

5 Industrialization of DSSC - status Consumer Electronics - YES Logitech DSC in buildings? 5 G2E, Switzerland. World Expo Milan, 2015 Large-scale electricity production Breakthroughs needed! Requires < 0.5$/W peak

6 DSSC Operational Principles e - e - Light e - Dye-sensitized Solar Cells E e - hn e - I - / I 3 - e - TCO TiO 2 Dye Electrolyte How to improve? Need to change the electrolyte system.

7 Dye: Dyenamo LEG4 Efficiencies > 10% for all 3 complexes Best efficiencies: 10.5% at 1 sun 11.7% at 0.5 sun

8 Recent results of Zombie cells and indoor performance Dried out Cu-complex layer For IoT: 200 Lux (IKEA Bulb): DSSC better than GaAs DSSC ideally suited for indoor light, accepted by Nature Photonics

9 Perovskite Solar Cells Several Device Structures and Applications Mesoscopic Planar Lasing Light emitting devices Tandem solar cells Photodetectors XRD-detection... Inverted

10 Band alignement of pervoskite/tio 2 /spiro-meotad heterojunction solar cells! CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 : Ambipolar semiconductor band gap 1.55 ev Bohr radius of the first exciton: 2 nm Exciton binding energy mev, exciton dissociation time 1-2 ps

11 EPFL s most efficient pervoskite solar cells employ mixtures of organic cations and iodide /bromide as anion General composition FA 1-x MA x Pb(I 1-x Br x ) FA = formamidinium R 1 R 4 = H X = 0.15 gives optimal results MA = methylammonium N. Pellet et al., Mixed-Organic-Cation Perovskite Photovoltaics for Enhanced Solar -Light Harvesting. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, (2014). N. J. Jeon et al., Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells. Nat. 517, (2015).

12 Our Certified Champion Cell Certified efficiency at Newport, 21.0%, Dec (hysteresis-free) Nature Energy DOI: /NENERGY Voc = 1.13 V Jsc = 23.8 ma/cm2 FF = 0.78 PEC = 21.0 % Present world record is 22.1% (March 2016) by Seok et al.

13 Cs additive M. Saliba et al., Energy & Environmental Science, 2016, DOI: /C5EE03874J

14 Devices cross sectional SEM Cs 0 M Cs 5 M Cs 5 M Cs 5 M More monolithically grown crystals (not seen before for MA/FA) M. Saliba et al., Cesium-containing Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells: Improved Stability, Reproducibility and High Efficiency, Energy & Environmental Science, 2016, DOI: /C5EE03874J Michael Saliba, Triple Cations for Stability, Reproducibility and High Efficiency (submitted) 14

15 , Michael Saliba, Multication perovskites

16 Device results Highest PCE: 21.6% stabilized Highest V oc is 1240mV (band gap: 1.63 ev) Close to theoretical limit Among lowest loss-in-potentials (for any PV material) Perovskites close to GaAs! 4% External Radiative Efficiency (ERE, Electroluminescence) 16

17 Stability tests Gold/spiro is not a stable contact at high temperatures ACS Nano DOI: /acs.nano.6b02613 PTAA Polymer as HTM Stress test: 85 o C, full illumination, MPP for 500h (in N2 atmosphere) Stability: 95% is retained after 500h of continous operation (MPP) at 85 o C and full illumination

18 Summary Dye-sensitized solar cells Design, building integration, minimize electron transfer driving force Dye-sensitized solar fuel Build on materials, devices, and characteriation techniques from DSSC Perovskite solar cells Compete and join silicon cells (tandem devices) Integrated photoelectrochemical-photovoltaic devices

19 The EPFL team LPI Michael Grätzel LSPM Dongqin Bi Juan Pablo Correa-Baena Marina Freitag Somayyeh Gholipour Elham Halvani Anaraki Jeannette Kadro Medina Kazuteru Nonomura Pan Linfeng Yasemin Saygili Nick Vlachopoulos

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