Geo-neutrinos Status and Prospects

Transcription

1 Go-nutrinos Status and Prospcts Applid Antinutrino Physics Octobr 01 ν + Stv Dy Hawaii Pacific Univrsity Univrsity of Hawaii p u u d W d u d n

2 Outlin Earth nrgy balanc Aq = Mh Mc( T/ t) Radiognic hat/go-nutrinos Dtcting go-nutrinos Go-nutrino data Go-nutrino analyss Projct updats Prospcts Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) -1 ν + W u u d p 5 Daya Bay II 4 Total Ractor Go-nu Th 3 U d u d n Nutrino nrgy (MV)

3 Surfac Hat Flow Pollack t al., 1993 Addd for Davis, Davis, 010 mw m - Hat flow probthrmal conductivity, dt/dx Hat conductionq = -k dt/dx Total Flow Aq = 47 ± TW Stat rror only

4 Intrnal Hating Gology prdicts 16-4 TW of radioactiv powr Mass loss rat dm/dt = -(6-15) tonn y -1? ~0% scaps to spac as go-nutrinos ~80% rmains to hat plant Othr known sourcs of intrnal hating small Intrnal hating Mh = TW

5 Thrmal Evolution of Earth Tmpratur chang rat: T/ t = Aq/Mc (Mh/Aq 1) U = Mh/Aq U > 1 T U < 1 T Surfac hat flow- Aq = 47 ± TW (Davis, Davis, 010) Intrnal hating- Mh = 11 to 31 TW (various modls) Plantary Ury ratio - U = Mh/Aq = 0. to 0.7 Gology prdicts a cooling plant

6 Prdictd Hating: Earth Modls Cosmochmical (CC) Enstatit chondrit - Javoy t al., 010 ~11 TW hating Primitiv mantl ptrology- Palm & O Nill, 003 ~1 TW hating Gophysical (GP) Viscosity with watr- Crowly t al., 011 ~19 TW Mantl convction- Turcott, 1980 ~38 TW hating Hating in Earth: Mh = TW with 8 +/- 1 TW in crust

7 Earth Hating Elmnts 38 U 06 Pb + 8α ν MV 35 U 07 Pb + 7α ν MV 3 Th 08 Pb + 6α ν MV 40 K 40 Ca + + ν MV (89.3%) 40 K + 40 Ar + ν MV (10.7%) (1) Goldschmidt Classification h(μw/kg) l(kg 1 μs 1 ) Uranium Thorium Lithophilic- rock-loving Potassium 3.33 x x 10 3 U, Th, K produc hat and go-nutrinos xpctd in silicat arth- crust and mantl

8 Antinutrino Dtction γ - + Prompt vnt dposits nrgy of E ν -0.8 MV Antinutrino (E ν >1.8 MV) intracts with fr proton γ ν p + ~10,000 γ/mv n p + γ Dlayd vnt dposits nrgy of. MV PMTs masur position and amount of dpositd nrgy 3-Octobr-010 Stv Dy, HPU 8

9 38 U Go-nutrino Evnt Spctrum 3 Th 1α, 1β 34 Pa ν.3 MV dn/de ν (10-44 cm MV -1 ) 38 U 3 Th ν.1 MV 1α, 1β 8 Ac 1 5α, β arbitrary units 1.5 δe = 7% E 1/ Th/U = 8 Th/U = 4 Th/U = 4α, β 14 Bi ν 3.3 MV 1 ν.3 MV 1 Bi 0.5 α, 3β Nutrino nrgy (MV) Antinutrino nrgy (MV) 1α, 1β 06 Pb Th/U in sourc rgions dtrmins spctral shap 08 Pb

10 Nutrino Oscillations- θ 13 >0 3ν P + sin = 1 {cos (θ 13 4 ( θ )[cos 13 )sin (θ 1 3-ν mixing (θ )sin 1 ( Δ )sin 31 ( Δ 1 ) + sin ) (θ 1 )sin ( Δ 3 )]} m ji Δ = 1.7( δ L) / E δm m m ji ν ji j i P 31 δm3 δm1 δ m >> [ ( ) ( )] 4 cos θ sin (θ )sin ( Δ ) + 0.5sin 1 θ Error dominatd by solar mixing angl P cos [ ( ) ] θ sin (θ ) + sin (θ ) = Fogli t al., 011 ; An t al., 01 ; Ahn t al.,

11 Adjust Avrag Oscillation Probability θ 13 : 0 º 10 º <P > : Lowrs ractor & crust flux prdictions Using <P > ovrstimats mantl signal and P /<P > Continntal plant Ocanic plant undrstimats Th/U 1.03 Pronouncd at sits nrichd in U & Th such as Sudbury basin Prry t al., Dy, 01 Rv. Gophys. 50, RG Enrgy (MV)

12 Ractor Antinutrino Background Φ(E) Go ν N(E) σ(e) Pν ν 1 sin (θ 1)sin (1.7Δm OLD- Kamioka OLD- θ 13 =0 1 L / E ν ) (Enomoto, Nutrino Scincs 007) Expctd ractor signal 3-60 TNU dpnding on location

13 Existing Gν Dtctors KamLAND- Kamioka, Japan 1 kt LS 80% dodcan 0% PC w/ 1.36 g/l PPO ~1800 PMTs 34% solid angl Borxino- Gran Sasso, Italy 0.78 kt PC w/ 1.5 g/l PPO 1 8-in PMTs ~30% solid angl ~500 p/mv vis ~0.17x10 31 p ~50 p/mv vis (5.98±0.1)x10 31 p Both xisting dtctors ar in Eurasia at ~40 ⁰ N and sparatd in longitud by ~10 ⁰

14 Publishd Gν Data KamLAND Borxino Mar-0 to Nov-09 : 3.49±0.07 TNU -1 Dc-07 to Dc-09 : 0.15 TNU -1 Total vnts- 841 Background- 730±3 Go-nu- 111±43 Total vnts- 15 Background- 5.3±0.3 Go-nu- 9.7±3.9 Gando t al., 011 Natur Goscinc 4, 647 Bllini t al., 010 Phys. Ltt. B 687, 99

15 Gν Data Analysis KamLAND unconstraind fit N U = 65 ; N Th = 33 Th/U ~ 8 ε(u) = ε(th) = Borxino Bst fit: 9.9(+4.1/ 3.4) g ν vnts ε=0.85±0.01 Fixing Th/U=3.9 N(U+Th) = 106±9 40.0±10.5(stat)±11.5 (sys) TNU systmatic > statistical Gando t al., 011 Natur Goscinc 4, 647 Fixing Th/U=3.9 64±5(stat)±(sys) TNU statistical >> systmatic Bllini t al., 010 Phys. Ltt. B 687, 99

16 Obsrvd Gν Gν Analysis- I Rsidual mantl Gν Surfac hat flux Old valu. Rvisd lowr by Coltorti t al., 011. Mh (U+Th) = 0 ± 9 TW GC modl Gando t al., 011 Natur Goscinc 4, 647 BX > KL but consistnt with BX=KL

17 Gν Analysis- II Rsidual mantl signal w/ modl comparisons R mantl = 3 ± 10 TNU R>0 at ~.4σ Mh(U+Th) > 19 TW (68% CL) 1.7 Th/U 3.9 Gophysical- consistnt Cosmochmical- xcludd ~90% CL No modl xcludd at ~>σ Fiorntini t al., 01 arxiv: v1

18 Gν Analysis- III KamLAND (011) data consistnt with modls, prfrs Mh < Aq Borxino (010) data consistnt with GP and Mh = Aq KL+BX (wightd avrags) consistnt w/ GP & GC wakly xclud CC Min Mh = 8 ± 13 TW Max Mh = 33 ± 16 TW Dy, 01 Rv. Gophys. 50, RG3007 Homognous mantl DM w/ nrichd basmnt layr

19 Prdictd Signals: Existing Sits Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Kamioka Total Ractor Go-nu Th U Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Kamioka- now Total Ractor Go-nu Th U Kamioka bfor and aftr all ractors shutdown A nw Gν bginning for KL Nutrino nrgy (MV) Nutrino nrgy (MV) Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Gran Sasso Total Ractor Go-nu Th U BX can oprat for many yars bfor systmatic ν uncrtainty significant Nutrino nrgy (MV)

20 Prdictd Signals: Continntal Sits Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Sudbury Total Ractor Go-nu Th U Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Homstak Total Ractor Go-nu Th U Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Pyhäsalmi Total Ractor Go-nu Th U Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Nutrino nrgy (MV) 1 Baksan Total 0.8 Ractor Go-nu Th U Nutrino nrgy (MV) Continntal Obsrvatoris Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Nutrino nrgy (MV) Daya Bay II Total Ractor Go-nu Th U Nutrino nrgy (MV) Nutrino nrgy (MV)

21 Rsolving Radiognic Hating Continntal δ(mh)/mh ~ 0.4 Existing δ(mh)/mh ~ 0.3 Ocanic δ(mh)/mh ~ 0.15 Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Pacific Total Ractor Go-nu Th U Assums H = 0 TW Systmatic rror only Nutrino nrgy (MV) Dy, 01 Rv. Gophys. 50, RG3007

22 Pyhäsalmi Baksan Gran Sasso Kamioka Enrichd Dp Mantl? Homstak Sudbury Pacific Sramk t al., 01 arxiv: Dp ocan obsrvatory rsolvs arth hating, potntially supr-plums Evnts/10 kv (10 3 p y) Pacific Total Ractor Go-nu Th U Nutrino nrgy (MV)

23 Projct Updats Borxino doubld statistics and improvd FV dfinition... Data look nic. Aldo Ianni KamLAND acquiring good data but wont publish for a yar until ractors com back Kunio Inou SNO+: Data nxt yar, crust study in progrss LENA: Whit papr publishd in Astropart. Phys.- M. Wurm Baksan: Discussing10-50 kt dtctor- V. Sinv Daya Bay II:10-50 kt dtctor- fun challng to xtract Gν signal Hanohano: possibl synrgy with Watchman, gology

24 Gν Summary Obsrving plantary U & Th; no Th/U; no K; no dirction KL & BX data: Mantl radiognic hating >10 TW (1σ) Bginning to constrain arth hating Potntial for rsolution of gological modls Constrain thrmal volution, formation procsss, origin Ntwork of continntal obsrvatoris KL, BX, SNO+, LENA, Baksan, Homstak 50 TNU -1 δm 3 TNU Singl ocanic obsrvatory Hanohano 3 TNU -1 δm 3 TNU Potntial to rsolv supr-plums Study as background to prcision θ 1 and ractor monitor

25 Thank You Backup slids follow

26 Plantary Powr Aq = Mh Mc( T/ t) Surfac hat flow- Aq Intrnal hating- Mh Hat to chang tmpratur- Mc( T/ t) Tmpratur chang rat: T/ t = Aq/Mc (Mh/Aq 1) Plantary Ury ratio - U = Mh/Aq

27 Cross Sctions + + ν ν E m E T ν ν 1 max + = 44 max 3 max max 10 1) ( ) ( ) ( 0.43 ) ( = E m T x x E T E x T x E ν ν ν ν σ n p ν ( ) ) 9.5( ) ( Δ Δ = E m E E p ν ν ν σ m E T Δ = ν

28 Antinutrino Intractions Elctron lastic scattring Invrs β-dcay ν + - ν + - Elctron targt No nrgy thrshold Cross-sction σ(e ν )~4.0x10-45 E ν1 cm ν + p n + + Proton targt E thrsh 1.80 MV Cross-sction σ(e ν )~9.5x10-44 (E ν -1.3) cm - - ν + W Z 0 p u u d u n ν ν d d

29 Cross Sctions Nu-bar lastic scattring obsrvd by Rins, Gurr, Sobl in 1976 Snsitivity blow 1.8 MV; no tag 4 - / p + in CH LS Rsolv - dirction to find signal? Nu-bar quasi-lastic scattring usd by Rins and Cowan in 1950 s Coincidnc counting; wak dirction Works grat for go-nu-bars Uncrtaintis small

30 Go-nutrino Intnsity Spctra [ A, Z ] [ A, Z + 1 ] + + ν + Qβ pr dcay w = ( Q β + m E ν ) p [ ] Q + m E ) m 1/ = ( β ν ν γ 1 πη ( γ + i ) dn( E ) / de w E p Γ η ν ν γ = 1 α ( Z + 1) η = α( Z +1)w p Intrnal hating and go-nutrinos connctd

31 Dtctd Spctra x =

32 transvrs ν longitudinal Invrs-β Intraction Kinmatics Initialp trans = 0 p ν p + Finalp trans = 0 θ ' θ n θ n p ν + Batygov Watanab

33 Coincidnc Counting Prompt vnt Positron E E ν 1.8 MV E vis E ν 0.8 MV Ionization nrgy + γ Dposition tim ~ fw ns <R > ~ 0.4 cm Nutron Dlayd vnt E n kv Thrmal diffusion E vis dpnds captur nuclus Dposition tim ~ 0 00 μs <R n > ~ 5 15 cm Watanab

34 Sing with Sound Sismology- PREM dnsity profil intrnal structur solid vs liquid phas (Dziwonski, Andrson, 1981)

35 Chmical Affinity Goldschmidt Classification Lithophilic- rock-loving U, Th, K in silicat arth- crust and mantl only

36 Crust Modl Sismic modl- CRUST.0 (Bassin t al., 000) Composition modl- (Rudnick,Gao, 003) Hating in crust (Mh) crust = 8 ±1 TW

37 Non-antinutrino Background Fast nutron background from muons outsid vto <1 TNU at Gran Sasso Mi and Him, 006 Accidntal background 3.4±0. TNU KL (005) 1.3±0. TNU BX (010) Isotop background (β,n) ~0.5 TNU Radon contamination 10 Po 06 Pb + α 13 C(α,n) 16 O <0.3 TNU Ab t al., 010

38 Gν Analysis- II Incrasd total signals KL R(U+Th) TNU BX R(U+Th) TNU R(U+Th) >0 at ~4.σ Gando t al., 011 θ 13 >0 dcrass xpctd crust KL (Enomoto t al., 007).54/.59=.9 BX (Coltorti t al., 011).54/.57=.95 Add to incras mantl signal Mantl = Total Crust Fiorntini t al., 01 arxiv: v1

39 Gν Analysis- III Mthod M = N - B C δm = (N + δb + δc ) 1/ Assumptions Th/U = 3.9 ; C modl M KL = M BX Combind rsult: consistnt w/ GP, GC wakly xcluds CC Mantl rat (TNU) GP GC CC R mantl = 17 ± 10 TNU 0 KL(011) BX(010) KL+BX Wightd avrag Dy, 01 arxiv: v BX > KL but consistnt with BX=KL Sramk t al., 01

40 Projction to Yar 00 KamLAND : 9 TNU -1 δm = ± 6 TNU Borxino : 1 TNU -1 δm = ± 10 TNU SNO+ : 3 TNU -1 δm = ± 9 TNU Total : 13 TNU -1 δm = ± 4-5 TNU OR GoHano : 3 TNU -1 δm = ± 3 TNU GoHano : 6 TNU -1 δm = ± TNU OR Ntwork- Fiv x 10 TNU -1 δm = ± 3 TNU