Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles and have only week interaction. Neutrino has a zero mass, a zero charge and a spin 1/2.

Transcription

1 Vladimir Kravtsov

2 Particls of th Standard Modl Within th SM thr ar 3 diffrnt familis of particls. Each lpton has a nutrino associatd with it. Nutrinos ar on of th fundamntal particls and hav only wk intraction. Nutrino has a zro mass, a zro charg and a spin 1/. Dirct masurmnt of th nutrino mass by kinmatical analysis of wak dcays m <. 3V m < 170kV m <18. MV 3/4/011 CSU

3 Th sourcs of nutrinos Natural sourcs = cm E MV = 330/cm 3 E = V S-Kamiokand Sun Nutrinos Rlic Nutrinos Solar Atmosphric Earth (Go ) Suprnova BigBang Artificial sourcs Acclrators Ractors 3/4/011 3 CSU

4 A Brif History of th Nutrino 1914 Th -dcay nrgy consrvation crisis Pauli proposs a nw nutral particl is mittd in -dcay. 193 Frmi nams th nw particl nutrino and introducs four-frmion intraction Th first obsrvation of lctron anti-nutrinos by Rins and Cowan Bruno Pontcorvo proposs nutrino-antinutrino oscillations. 196 Ziro Maki, Masami Nakagawa and Sakata introduc nutrino flavor mixing and flavor oscillations (MNSP matrix). 196 Th muon nutrino is obsrvd at BNL Discovry of nutral currnts at CERN Supr-Kamiokand announcd th vidnc of atmosphric nutrino oscillations 000 First dirct vidnc for th tau nutrino 3/4/011 4 CSU

5 Masurd spctra wr continuous instad of discrt for -body dcay 1914 Nutron dcay Nils Bohr Nils Bohr vn suggstd that prhaps nrgy consrvation did not hold insid th nuclus. At th prsnt stag of atomic thory, howvr, w may say that w hav no argumnt, ithr mpirical or thortical, for upholding th nrgy principl in th cas of -ray disintgrations. n M c E E Pauli proposd that a nutral particl shard th nrgy of bta dcay with th mittd lctron. n p Wolfgang Pauli 1934 n - - M c E E n = p Frmi builds a nw thory of to xplain -dcay basd on th currnt-currnt intraction and namd a nw particl nutrino. E Enrico Frmi 3/4/011 5 CSU

6 Th fist xprimntal dtction cam from th high flux of nutrinos cratd in Savannah Rivr ractor. Discovry of Elctron Nutrino (1956) s Scintillator p n PMTs Cd n 108 n Cd p Scintillator 109 Cd 108 Cd Dlayd signal from n captur on cadmium producing 9 MV in s ' s Prompt signal producing two MV s A fw s latr Positron scop 43 = ( ) 10 cm Scinc 14 (1956) 103; Phys. Rv. 113 (1959) 73 Liquid scintillator tanks Watr CdCl Nutron scop 3/4/011 CSU 6 Th Nobl Priz in Physics 1995 was awardd to Frdrick Rins "for th dtction of th nutrino"

7 Discovry of Muon Nutrino (196) In 196, Schwartz, Stinbrgr and Ldrman built th vry first nutrino bam and prsntd vidnc for th muon nutrino K K Nutrino bam Main sourcs K Scondary sourcs tonn spark chambr dtctor with Al plats n 3/4/011 7 CSU p - 9 intractions wr rgistrd Th Nobl Priz 1998 was awardd to Lon Ldrman, Mlvin Schwartz and Jack Stinbrgr "for th nutrino bam mthod and th dmonstration of th doublt structur of th lptons through th discovry of th muon nutrino "

8 Discovry of Tau Nutrino (000) 800 GV protons from TVatron (FNAL) on Tungstn targt produc Ds msons Dcay of D s mson lpton dcay giv D s l l, l =, =.9x10-13 N X DONUT 9 clan CC vnts wr obsrvd 3/4/011 8 CSU Phys. Rv. D 78 (008) 0500

9 Nutral currnts: triumph of th lctro-wak unification (1973) Winbrg and Salam dvlop a thory of lctrowak intractions, but it rquirs a nutral wak currnt. Th modl introducs two typs of wak intraction: Chargd currnt (CC) and Nutral currnt (NC) CC NC First xampl of NC N X CERN BEBC Gargamll - Gargamll bubbl chambr filld with fron (CF 3 Br) Big Europan Bubbl Chambr 3/4/011 9 CSU

10 Larg nutrino calorimtr typ dtctors A larg sampling calorimtrs can masur larg statistics CC and NC data Nutrino cross sction is vry low FNAL (700 GV) CITF, HPWF, CCFR/NuTV BNL (8 GV) E-776, E-816 CERN (400 GV) Aachn-Padova, CDHS, CHARM IHEP (70 GV) IHEP-ITEP, IHEP-JINR 3/4/ CSU

11 Larg nutrino calorimtr typ dtctors goals 1. Cross sction masurmnts N X - CC DIS N X - NC DIS n p - CC QE p p - NC Elastic. Nuclon structur functions masurmnts - -scattring - Invrs -dcay Bjorkn scaling variabls in th laboratory systm - Enrgy transfrrd to nuclon - 4-momntum transfr In trms of th quark distribution functions 3. Masurmnt of sin W SM paramtrs NuTV Paschos Wolfnstin rlation rmovs - th ffcts of sa quark scattring and is much lss snsitiv to havy quark production 4. Bam-dump xprimnts Sarch prompt nutrinos from charm particls production, Higgs, axion, havy nutrino, 3/4/ CSU 5. Nutrino oscillations

12 CERN: CHARM and CHARM-II ( ) xprimnts CHARM has a fin graind calorimtr with low Z targt plans for good idntification of lctron from lastic -scattring / E 0.0 / E ( GV ) = - lctrons / E = 0.53/ E ( GV ) - hadrons Marbl plans / E = / E ( GV ) - lctrons / E = / E ( GV ) - hadrons Glass plans M=69 t 3/4/011 1 CSU

13 CERN: CDHS ( ) xprimnt CDHS xprimnt was dsignd to study CC DIS and NC DIS nutrino intractions. Dtctor combind th functions of a muon spctromtr and hadron calorimtr. CERN DORTMUND HEIDELBERG SACLAY WARSAW N X N X / E 0.3/ E ( GV ) = - lctrons / E = 0.56 / E ( GV ) - hadrons Di-muon vnt 19 magntizd iron moduls M=150 ton FV=700 ton 13 CSU

14 FNAL: HPWF and NuTV xprimnts Calorimtr / E = 10 1%, GV Nutrino targt: liquid scintillator Activ dtctor: spark chambr and scintillator plans Nutrino targt: iron plans Activ dtctor: drift chambr and scintillator plans M=700 ton 3/4/ CSU

15 3 4 5 At t=0 w hav a flavor ignstats and which ar both mixturs of mass ignstats 1 and : ( 0) = cos sin (0) = sin 1 1 cos According to Schrödingr quation th mass ignstats 1 and with nrgy E 1 and E volv in tim as plan wavs: For rlativistic r m E = p m = p nutrinos (E >> m) E Assuming th sam nrgy for both nutrino componnts w can writ: Th transition probability is, thn, givn by P ( 1 ) = P( ) = sin ( t) If w masur in V, L in km, and E in GV w can writ th abov as: sin = sin Nutrino Oscillations cos 1.7 m ( E (t) L ) (1 = it ( t) ( t) i(p m m / = = 1 1 ie t 1 ie t 1 cos sin 1 /E )t -it m /E E ) 1 sin with m ie ie t t = m sin cos 1 1 sin m Fraction of rmaining nutrinos 1.7 m E L 3/4/011 P ( ) = 1 sin sin ( ) 15 CSU

16 Atmosphric Nutrinos Nutrino Oscillations Discovry (1998) Nutrinos ar producd by cosmic ray intractions in Earth s atmosphr,, Expctation ( ( ) ) SK was masurd th numbr of and intractions as a function of znith angl 41.4m x 39.3m (Diamtr) 50 ktons of pur watr tank with 0 PMTs MC simulation Supr-Kamiokand Particl idntification is basd on th pattrn rcognition of Chrnkov rings arising in watr Muon - clan ring Elctron fuzzy ring 3/4/ CSU

17 ( / ) Data Nutrino Oscillations Discovry (1998) R = ( / ) MC Th rgistration fficincy for muons and lctrons is vry diffrnt R=1 if no oscillation Takuchi, Nutrino 010 At th Nutrino 98 confrnc, SK xprimnt prsntd nw data on th dficit in muon nutrinos producd in th Earth's atmosphr. This dficit dpnds on th distanc th nutrinos travl - an indication that nutrinos oscillat and hav mass. m =.1x10-3 sin 13 =0.0, sin 13 =0.5 R = 0.63 ± 0.03 ± 0.05 (sub-gv) R = 0.65 ± 0.05 ± 0.08 (multi-gv) Jun 5, 1998 oscillation (bst fit) no oscillation Th Nobl Priz in Physics 00 was awardd to Masato Koshiba for pionring contribution to astrophysics, in particular for th dtction of cosmic nutrinos" 3/4/ CSU

18 Mmbr of th IHEP-JINR Nutrino Dtctor Collaboration from 1979 to 000 Nutrino Dtctor Bam dump Exprimnt Sarch of th light Higgs bosons and Axion Limit on th charm production cross sction Oscillation Exprimnt Total cross sction masurmnt 3/4/ CSU

19 IHEP-JINR Nutrino Dtctor Magntic fram X DC Y DC LSC Al Plat - spctromtr M=104 t LSC / - dtctor Targt calorimtr 1.04 X abs Th 70 mkm Mylar containr with liquid scintillator is insrtd into 3mm Al box. Amplitud vs Coordinat MIP position rsolution X = 16 cm 3/4/ CSU

20 Nutrino Dtctor Calibration Tst bam with low momntum sprad Enrgy rsolution vs momntum Th xampls of vnts from pion, lctron, muon and nutrino intractions. Hadrons 7.3%34%/E 1/ (GV) Elctrons 0.1%9.9%/E 1/ (GV) Momntum, GV/c 3/4/011 0 CSU

21 Bam dump Exprimnt 70 GV proton bam Th 70 GV proton bam with 1.1x10 13 avrag proton intnsity pr acclrator puls. Iron bam dump targt was locatd in front of th 54 m long iron muon shild. Th nutrino dtctor followd at a distanc of 64 m downstram of th bam dump. In two runs 1.1x10 18 and 0.6x10 18 protons on targt wr collctd with rlativ targt dnsitis of = 1 and = 3/4/011 1 CSU

22 Bam dump: Sarch of Light Higgs and Axion MSSM Two Higgs doublts with 3 nutral Higgs. Two from ths particls (on scalar H and on psudoscalar A) can b light. Th couplings of (psudo)scalar to frmions s f, p f modl dpndnt coupling constants MSSM SM s f = 1, p f = 0 Th sarch was prformd for dcays into -, - - and - - pairs g g Hf Af = i( = i( G G F F 1/ ) 1/ ) s f = p f for f = u, c, t s f = - f for ratio of vacuum xpctations of Higgs doublts PQ axion p f is th sam as in MSSM m m f f s p f f Four possibl procsss of production 1. Cohrnt proton nuclus intraction Cuts for - and 1. pairs E lm > 3 GV. No track at primary vrtx 3. E had < 1.5 GV rsolution limit of rconstruction program 4. lm < 0.05 rad. Parton parton intraction Cuts for - -pairs 1. Two long tracks (muons). P > 3 GV. /P < 30% 3. E dp E mip < 0.5 GV 4. cos max > Initial stat brmsstrahlung 3/4/011 CSU 4. Bth-Hitlr procss

23 Bam dump: Sarch of Light Higgs and Axion, nd x Scalar x Psudoscalar 95% CL m H, MV m A, MV Higgs boson of SM was xcludd for m H < 80 MV Standard axion was xcludd in th rang < X < 3 and for mass rang MV for most x > MV for most x < 1 95% CL a) Excludd by - and dcays b) Excludd by th - Bth-Hitlr procss c) Excludd by th - Bth-Hitlr procss d) Excludd by a combind fit using a) and b) Particl Data Group, J. Phys. G 33, 1 (006) 3/4/011 3 CSU

24 Bam dump: Charm Production Cross Sction Thr typs of intraction wr studid for stimation of charm production cross sction: 1. Prompt chargd currnt intraction. Prompt chargd currnt intraction 3. Equilibrium or rock muons producd in nutrino intraction at th nd of muon iron shild. Calculation of prompt vnts numbr a) Extrapolation mthod Th charm production dos not dpnd from targt dnsity. Th production of convntional nutrinos is proportionally to th invrs targt dnsity. N prompt = N - N - N ) corrction for th lakag of hadrons showr b) Subtraction mthod Subtraction of calculatd contribution of convntional nutrino intractions from th total numbr of masurd vnts. Cuts for vnts 1. E lm > 3 GV 3. Y = E had /(E lm E had) < 0.4 Cuts for vnts 1. Track lngth in ND 3 abs. Track lngth in magntizd stl 50 cm 3. P 4. Start of track in th fist plan of ND (for muons from muon shild only) Third ordr QCD at m c = 1. GV and m c = 1.5 GV IHEP-ITEP charm <.4 b/nuclon (90% CL) at s = 11.5 GV SCAT IHEP-JINR 3/4/011 4 CSU

25 Oscillation Exprimnt Osc. xprimnt was initiatd by papr of Prof. Conforto from Italy. H studid th rsults of 3 CERN xprimnts and was sing som indication for oscillations. Ths dtctors whr xposd at th sam tim but locatd at th diffrnt distanc from targt. P ( ) x = sin sin 1.7 m L E Masurmnt of Nutrino Total Cross Sction G. Conforto, Nuo. Cim. 103 (1990) 751 Spcial nutrino bam with 1 m short dcay lngth was dvlopd. Th fraction of for such bam was 3.5% which is much highr than for standard nutrino bams. Th lngth of th dcay cavity (L = 1 m) is short whn compard to th distanc from dcay point to th dtctor (7 m avrag) and to th lngth of th nutrino dtctor (L = 5 m). Giv possibility to study ( ) bgd ( L / E) ( ) N xp L / E N 3/4/011 L/E 5 dpndncy R = CSU N L / E MC = ( 1 R) Minimization of with diffrnt L/E paramtrs

26 TK xprimnt ND80 dtctor P0D calibration with rock muons CC QE vnts in P0D First prliminary rsults of TK xprimnt 3/4/011 6 CSU

27 TK (Tokai to Kamioka) xprimnt First off-axis long baslin oscillation nutrino xprimnt with high powr 30 GV proton bam of J-PARC Main Ring 50-kT watr Chrnkov dtctor Japan Proton Acclrator Rsarch Complx Kamioka Tokai 95 km Tokyo J-PARC 3/4/011 7 CSU

28 Main Physics Goals Th Maki Nakagawa Sakata Pontcorvo (MNSP) lpton mixing matrix rlats th mass ignstats ( 1,, 3 ) to th flavor ignstats (,, ) = cos sin 3 3 sin 0 cos U3 3 atmosphric, bam SK atm,kk,minos, TK o o 3 = m ~.5 V 3 10 = cos sin cos i CP sin sin CHOOZ, TK sin cos i CP sin cos 13 < 0.14(90% CL) Masurmnts cos sin sin cos solar, ractor SNO, KamLAND o o 1 = m ~ 8 V 1 10 Masur th mixing paramtr 13 by sarch apparanc ( 1.7 m L E ) P( ) sin sin sin / 13 Prcis masurmnt 3, m 3 by obsrving disapparanc 3 13 ( m L E ) P ( ) 1 sin sin 1.7 / 3/4/ CSU 1 3

29 Off-axis bam Nutrino nrgy dpnds on th angl rlativ to th bam axis Incrasing of th angl givs narrowr nutrino spctrum lik monochromatic narrow bam Off-axis angl was st to.5 whr pak of has an oscillation maximum Narrow nutrino spctrum rducs th backgrounds in th lctron nutrino masurmnt from DIS high nrgy intraction and th high nrgy bam contamination CC QE is dominant procss in rgion of nutrino spctrum at.5 NuFact09 Nutrino flux, au OA /4/011 Enrgy, GV 9 CSU

30 Rconstructd E in CC QE Snsitivity to 13 Dtction of apparanc: intraction 8.3x10 1 POT 5 yars at 750 kw at CP = V Main backgrounds bam contamination NC 0 vnts 3/4/ CSU

31 Dtction of disapparanc Snsitivity to 3 and m 3 SK with oscillation SK w/o oscillation Oscillation changs a form of nutrino spctrum Prsnt limits KK SK 8 x 10 1 POT MINOS 90% CL TK snsitivity sin 3 ) <0.01 m 3 ) < 1 x 10-4 V stat. rror only 3/4/ CSU

32 J-PARC acclrator facility Nar dtctors 30 GV proton acclrator 3/4/011 3 CSU

33 Nar dtctors INGRID ND80 On-axis Nutrino Bam Monitor Off-axis Nutrino Dtctor 3/4/ CSU

34 ND80 off-axis dtctor ND80 dtctor consists of 5 subdtctors: 0 dtctor (PØD) - Optimizd for CC 0 and NC 0 masurmnts - Masurs contamination Trackr: fin-graind dtctor (FGD) and tim projction chambrs (TPC) masurs CC QE, CC 1 and NC 1 intractions Elctromagntic calorimtr (ECAL) dtcts EM activitis coming from PØD/Trackr Sid muon rang dtctor (SMRD) idntification of sid-going muons All dtctors housd in UA1/NOMAD magnt with fild 0. T SMRD Dtctor was commissiond in March 010 and now taking th data during 1 yar 3/4/ CSU

35 Top viw of ND80 dtctor FGDs DSECAL P0D TPCs 3/4/ CSU

36 0 dtctor (P0D) Upstram and Cntral Ecal -catchrs Lad/Scint sandwich 4 suprmoduls (p0duls) Upstram and Cntral Watr Targt Ecals Watr/Scint sandwich P0D 17x35.5mm triangular bars Scintillator dtctors rad out via WLS fibr coupld to Si MPPC: 667 pixl avalanch photodiod, ara of 1.3x 1.3mm First larg-scal us in HEP xprimnts: ~50,000 MPPCs for ND80 3/4/011 CSU 36 Watr Targt SuprP0Dul

37 First nutrino vnt at ND80 Magnt off First nutrino vnt (INGRID) CCQE vnt at Trackr - p 3/4/ CSU

38 First nutrino vnt at SK 3 rd ring 1 st ring 010//4 6:00:06 3 rd ring nd ring 1 st ring nd ring 3/4/ CSU

39 Bottom P0D calibration with rock muons Rock muons ar going outsid to P0D muons producd at nutrino intraction on th outr mattr that is mainly magnt stl, pit construction concrt and rock ground. Top X, mm Y, mm cos X cos Y Enrgy dposition of muon was corrctd by path lngth in scintillator y µ - z 3/4/011 Corrctd CSU cos path lngth 39

40 Chargd currnt quasilastic nutrino intraction (CCQE) in P0D CC QE CC QE is dominant procss in th rgion of TK off-axis nutrino spctra at.5 and has simpl -body kinmatics In th simplst cas of invisibl proton E can b calculatd from masurd momntum and angl of - 3/4/ CSU

41 CCQE: POT s, rquirmnts, cuts, NEUT MC for study of backgrounds, rconstruction fficincy and purity of 1-track and -track CCQE vnts Th total data PoT s numbr is.84x10 19 Th total PoT s numbr of NEUT MC is 1.3x10 0 MC distributions wr normalizd to th total numbr of data PoT s Fiducial Volums 1. Full P0D -34 < Z < mm First 3 and last 1 P0Duls wr xcludd. Watr Targt -136 < Z < mm 4 intrnal P0Duls 3. Cntral Ecal -34 < Z < mm 5 intrnal P0Duls Rquirmnts and cuts 1. 1 or track sgmnts in TPC. Vrtx should b at P0D Fiducial Volum 3. Long track should b ngativ 4. TPC PID corrsponds to muon 3/4/ Good PID via TPC de/dx CSU

42 CCQE: Full P0D Tru Vrtx position Y, mm X, mm 3/4/011 4 Z, mm CSU

43 CCQE: 1-track CCQE and backgrounds for slctd vnts Full P0D Watr CEcal ~ MV shift b/w Data and MC du to th Global rconstructd momntum is not corrctd for track nrgy loss in P0D Small ~ MV shift b/w Data and MC for Ccal du to th short track lngth in P0D 3/4/ Th shift will b corrctd in upcoming vrsion of nd80 softwar CSU

44 CCQE: 1-track CCQE and backgrounds angls for slctd vnts Full P0D Watr CEcal Nic agrmnt btwn Data and MC 3/4/ CSU

45 First TK prliminary rsults 010a data wr collctd during Jan Jun a data Total SK data: 3.3x10 19 PoT (15.5 kw x 10 7 s) Stabl running at 3.8x10 13 PoT/spill ( shots up to 100 kw SK vnt pr-slction was basd on FV cuts, ring counting and PID. and candidats wr slctd for nxt analysis 3/4/ CSU

46 disapparanc analysis Numbr of vnts consistnt with oscillation paramtrs masurd by MINOS/SK/KK 3/4/ CSU

47 Final vnt slction Additional background rjction no dcay lctron m < 105 MV assuming scond ring xist rconstructd E < 150 MV Whn # of dcay lctron cut was applid only 1 candidat of vnt rmains 3/4/ CSU

48 Uppr bound of 13 ar valuatd by indpndnt mthods: A: Fldman-Cousins B: Classical on-sidd limit Systmatic uncrtaintis ar took into account for both analysis. apparanc analysis A B 90% CL uppr limit at m 3= V, CP = 0 Normal hirarchy Invrtd hirarchy 3/4/ CSU

49 Backup slids 3/4/ CSU

50 Futur prospcts Run 010b (from Nov 010 March 011) 9.3x10 13 p/spill (8 bunchs/spill/3.04s) Max bam powr: ~145 kw Total data collctd up to Mar 11: 1.45x10 0 PoT (including run 010a) 3/4/ CSU