Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System 粒子重イオン輸送コード PHITS の利用

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1 PHITS Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System 粒子重イオン輸送コード PHITS の利用 Koji Niita: RIST, Japan Hiroshi Iwase: KEK, Japan (GSI, Germany) Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda, Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima: JAEA, Japan Davide Mancusi, Lembit Sihver: Chalmers, Sweden Title Contents (1) (1) Overview of of PHITS Physical Processes Models: JAM, JQMD (2) (2) Application Fields of of PHITS Accelerator Cancer Therapy Space Technology (3) (3) User Interfaces of of PHITS Contents 1

2 Physical Processes included in in PHITS Transport between collisions External Field and Optical devices Ionization process for charge particle Magnetic Field Gravity Super mirror (reflection) Mechanical devices, T0 chopper de/dx : SPAR, ATIMA code (new feature) Energy straggling Angle Straggling Collisions with nucleus Nuclear Data ENDF-B/VI, LA150,.. Particle Induced Collisions Heavy Ion Collisions MCNP code, + Event Generator Mode (new feature) JAM code JQMD code JAMQMD (new feature) Physical Processes Overview of ofphits (Particle (Particle and and Heavy Heavy Ion Ion Transport Transport code code System) System) NMTC NMTC/JAERI NMTC/JAERI97 NMTC/JAM PHITS (ORNL) High Energy Fission CG geometry JAM, GG JQMD, MCNP Magnetic Field Gravity PHITS = MCNP + JAM + JQMD MCNP JAM JQMD Neutron, Photon, Electron Transport by Nuclear Data Hadron-Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by Molecular Dynamics Transport Particle and Energy Proton Neutron Meson Barion Nucleus Photon Electron 0 ~ 200 GeV 10-5 ev ~ 200 GeV 0 ~ 200 GeV 0 ~ 200 GeV 0 ~ 100 GeV/u 1 kev ~ 1 GeV 1 kev ~ 1 GeV External Field: Magnetic Field, Gravity Optical and Mechanical devices Language and Parallelism FORTRAN 77 MPI Geometry: CG and GG Tally, Mesh and Graphic Tally: Track, Cross, Heat, Star, Time, DPA, Product, LET Mesh: cell, r-z, xyz Counter: Graphic: ANGEL (PS generator) PHITS : H. Iwase et.al. J. Nucl. Sci.Technol. 39 (2002) 1142 Overview 2

3 Map Map of of Models, transport particles and and energies in in PHITS neutrons protons hadrons π, μ, K, Σ,.. nucleus photons electrons Event Generator 200 GeV 200 GeV 200 GeV JAM, Hadron cascade model (JQMD) (JQMD) (JQMD) (Bertini) (Bertini) 20 MeV 1 MeV 1 MeV 100 GeV/u 100 GeV JQMD GEM, Evaporation and Fission process SPAR, ATIMA, Ionization process 10 MeV/u In progress 1 GeV MCNP with nuclear data MCNP with nuclear data only transport with de/dx (SPAR, ATIMA) 1 kev thermal 0 MeV 0 MeV 0 MeV/u Fermi Lab, USA, 2006/09/6-8 3

Overview of of All-Particle Transport Codes in in the the World By G. W. McKinney in FNDA(Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications Conference) April 2006 General MCNPX GEANT4 FLUKA MARS PHITS Version 2.

4 Overview of of All-Particle Transport Codes in in the the World By G. W. McKinney in FNDA(Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications Conference) April 2006 General MCNPX GEANT4 FLUKA MARS PHITS Version p Lab. Affiliation LANL CERN,IN2P3 INFN,KEK,SLAC TRIUMF,ESA CERN INFN FNAL JAEA,RIST GSI Chalmers Univ. Language Fortran 90/C C++ Fortran 77 Fortran 95/C Fortran 77 Cost Free Free Free Free (US Gov.) Free Release Format Source & binary Source & binary Source & binary Binary Source & binary User Manual 470 pages 280 pages 387 pages 150 pages 176 pages Users ~2000 ~1000 ~ Web Site mcnpx.lanl.gov cern.ch/geant4 www-ap.fnal. gov/mars Under const. Workshops ~7/year ~4/year ~1/year ~2/year ~1/year Input Format Free C++ main Fixed geometry Fixed or free Free Free Input Cards ~120 N/A ~85 ~100 ~100 Parallel Execution Yes Yes No Yes Yes JAM code for for Hadron HadronNucleus Collisions up up to to GeV GeV Introducing JAM (Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model) Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) JAM is a Hadronic Cascade Model, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles. We have parameterized all Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections, based on Resonance Model and String Model by fitting the available experimental data. Au+Au 200GeV/u in cm JAM 4

5 JQMD code for for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up up to to GeV/u GeV/u JQMD (Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) for Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions K. Niiita et.al. Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) Analysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by JQMD 56 Fe 800 MeV/u on 208 Pb JQMD-1 Neutron Spectra from Thick Target Introducing JQMD in PHITS : H. Iwase et.al. J. Nucl. Sci.Technol. 39 (2002) 1142 JQMD-2 5

MCNP code for for Neutron Transport below below 20 20 MeV MeVwith Nuclear Nuclear Data Data Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System developed by Los Alamos National Lab.

6 MCNP code for for Neutron Transport below below MeV MeVwith Nuclear Nuclear Data Data Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System developed by Los Alamos National Lab. for Neutrons, Photons, Electrons by using Evaluated Nuclear Data, such as ENDF, JENDL, Applications: Nuclear Criticality Safety, Radiation Shielding, Fission Reactor Design, n-56fe Reaction Cross Sections MCNP (2) (2) Application Fields of of PHITS Accelerator - Spallation Neutron Source (J-PARC) Target design, Beam loss, Heat, DPA, Shielding design, - Neutron Optics (J-PARC) Signal-to-background ratio, Shielding design - RIA, GSI, RIKEN, High intense Heavy Ion Accelerator Facilities, Heat, DPA, Beam loss, Shielding design, Cancer Therapy BNCT (neutron), Proton therapy, Heavy-Ion therapy Space Technology Damage and Shielding by Cosmic Ray, Atmospheric Cosmic-Ray Semiconductor Soft Error Secondary Charged Particle and Recoiled Nuclei Applications 6

7 Application Fields of of PHITS Accelerator Cancer Therapy Space Technology J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source Neutron Optics Heavy Ion Facilities Application (1) J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Nuclear and Particle Physics Experimental Facility Nuclear Transmutation Neutrino to Kamiokande 50 GeV Synchrotron (0.75 MW) Linac(350m) 3 GeV Synchrotron (25 Hz, 1MW) J-PARC(1) 7

room Neutron Scattering Facility Building

1MW Spallation Target Station Muon Science

target Experimental hall 3GeV, 1MW proton

in experimental halls under present design.

8 Materials and and Life Life Science Experimental Facility Target remote handling room Neutron Scattering Facility Building dimension : Width : 70m Length : 146m Height : 30m Exp. Hall Height : 22m Cooling systems (Basement) 1MW Spallation Target Station Muon Science Facility Proton beam line Spallation Mercury target Experimental hall 3GeV, 1MW proton beam 23 neutron beam lines will be Installed in experimental halls under present design. Scraper Muon production target J-PARC(2) Spallation Neutron Source in in Proton Accelerator Facilities PHITS has been extensively used for Optimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC Energy t = Deposition nsec Be reflector Fe reflector Moderators Proton Hg target Proton window Moderators Neutron window Neutron window Hg target Spallation (2) 8

AGS AGS Benchmark Experiments for for Spallation Neutron Source AGS Functions of ofphits for for Beam transport

and Sextupole Magnetic field coupled with neutron spin.

- Gravity PHITS can simulate not only the trajectories, but also the collisions and the ionization at the same

9 AGS AGS Benchmark Experiments for for Spallation Neutron Source AGS Functions of ofphits for for Beam transport Charged particles and Heavy ions - Dipole and Quadrupole Magnetic field Low energy neutrons - Dipole, Quadrupole and Sextupole Magnetic field coupled with neutron spin. - Pulse (Time dependent) Magnetic field - Optical devices; Supper mirror - Mechanical devices; T0 chopper,. - Gravity PHITS can simulate not only the trajectories, but also the collisions and the ionization at the same time. PHITS can estimate the radiation damage of the magnets and the surroundings, and shielding as well as signal-to-background ratio in neutron beam line. Summary of Accelerator 9

10 Neutron long beam line calculation :: Neutron Optics T0 chopper Curved Guide Super mirror J-PARC: High Resolution Powder 100 m RIKEN RI Beam Factory PHITS for for High High Intensity Heavy Heavy Ion Ion facilities GSI FAIR : Super-FRS facility RIA Beam production area 10

11 RIA Beam production area 48 Ca beam track Heating in whole system Beam stop 22 C track 4 He track Target 11

12 RIKEN RIBF: RIBF: RI RI Beam Beam Factory 12

13 PHITS for for Shielding of of Carbon Therapy Facilities 3D view by PHITS 13

14 Shielding of of Proton and and Carbon therapy facilities Dose distribution calculated by PHITS Application Fields of of PHITS Accelerator Cancer Therapy Space Technology BNCT Proton and Heavy Ion Therapy Application (2) 14

DosimetrySystem) for for BNCT JRR-4 research reactor JCDS creates the Voxel data from

CT data Voxel data Dose distribution Core Irradiation Room BNCT Event Generator Mode of

transport below 20 MeV MCNP type Transport based on Boltzmann equation with nuclear

: Size of system is smaller than Range of charged particles Distribution is necessary

observables PHITS Event Generator Mode with nucleus transport Energy Deposition in

15 Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at Dept. Research Reactor, JAERI 3D view by PHITS JCDS (Jaeri (JaeriComputational Dosimetry DosimetrySystem) for for BNCT JRR-4 research reactor JCDS creates the Voxel data from CT and MRI data for MCNP ( PHITS ) calculation. CT data Voxel data Dose distribution Core Irradiation Room BNCT Event Generator Mode of of PHITS How to estimate the deposit energy of charged particles and nuclei for neutron transport below 20 MeV MCNP type Transport based on Boltzmann equation with nuclear data Local Approximation (Kerma factor) Average Values This assumption is not valid for : Size of system is smaller than Range of charged particles Distribution is necessary instead of average value Energy is conserved in average No correlation Only one-body observables PHITS Event Generator Mode with nucleus transport Energy Deposition in event by event Deposit energy distribution Treat all ejectiles of collisions. Energy and Momentum are conserved in each collision. Any observables Beyond one-body observables Event Generator Mode 15

16 Event Generator Mode for for low energy neutrons in in PHITS Neutron data + Special Evaporation Model We use the channel cross sections and neutron energy spectrum of the first neutron and assume the binary decay of recoiled nucleus. capture Γ n = 0 charged particle and photon decay Neutron channels elastic (n,n ) (n,nn ) Γ n Γ n = 0 0 final state is uniquely determined charged particle and photon decay after the first neutron emission all particle and photon decay after the first neutron emission By this model, we can determine all ejectiles (neutrons, charged particles, nucleus and photons) with keeping energy and momentum conservation. PHITS can transport all charged particle and nucleus down to zero energy and estimate deposit energy without local approximation (kerma factor). Event Generator Mode Validation of ofevent Generator Mode C target, Inclusive Total energy of charged particles ( kerma factor ) Total energy of Photon Event Generator Mode 16

semiconductor soft error SEU: single event upset Neutron 19 MeV Deposit Energy

17 Validation of ofevent Generator Mode C target, DDX Neutron Photon Alpha Alpha Event Generator Mode An An example of ofevent Generator Mode Neutron-induced semiconductor soft error SEU: single event upset Neutron 19 MeV Deposit Energy Distribution by PHITS Kerma Leakage of recoil nucleus from Si Si 3μm Event Generator Mode 17

18 Microdosimetric Treatments of of BNCT Event Generator Mode = treat all ejectiles with energy and mom. conservation 7 Li (0.84MeV) + α (1.47MeV) 10 B + n 11 B 2.79MeV 15 1 ground 7 Li (0.84MeV) + α (1.47MeV) γ =478keV 7 Li (1.02MeV) + α (1.78MeV) 7 Li (1.02MeV) + α (1.78MeV) Energy Distribution of α Particle and 7 Li Ion after 10 B (n,α) 7 Li capture reaction Microscopic Toy Toy Model for for BNCT 6μm radius spherical cell, 3μm nucleus (target region), all material is pure water 7μm radius, 1μm thickness Boron 500μg/g Materials are all pure water 1μm 3μm position of 10 B 6μm 3μm radius, 1μm thickness Boron 500μg/g 18

19 radiation of thermal neutron α track Li track Dose in nucleus vs. LET total = 6.9meV total = 33.3meV 19

20 20

Heavy Ion Ion Therapy by by HIMAC in in NIRS (1) (1) Design study of small size carbon therapy system Compact size transverse distribution 3D Monte Carlo simulation PHITS Heavy Ion Therapy (1) Heavy

21 Heavy Ion Ion Therapy by by HIMAC in in NIRS (1) (1) Design study of small size carbon therapy system Compact size transverse distribution 3D Monte Carlo simulation PHITS Heavy Ion Therapy (1) Heavy Ion Ion Therapy by by HIMAC in in NIRS (2) (2) Dose distributions in the water phantom with Wobbler magnet, Scatter, and Ridge filter. Transverse and Longitudinal distribution of dose in the water phantom can be well reproduced by 3D Monte Carlo calculation of PHITS. H. Nose et.al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 42 (2005) 250 Heavy Ion Therapy (2) 21

22 Benchmark Test Test of of Bragg Peak Depth Dose Distribution in Water Phantom Bragg Peak Benchmark Test Test of of Bragg Peak with with SPAR and and ATIMA SPAR and ATIMA 22

23 200 MeV/u 500MeV/u 950MeV/u (ATIMA) Secondary Particles Production Cross Section From 200 MeV/u Carbon beam on cm depth Water 0 deg 30 deg Fluence 23

24 The Japan Taiwan Symposium on Simulation in Medicine Tsukuba, Japan, 2006/12/

25 Application Fields of of PHITS Accelerator Cancer Therapy Space Technology Dose in Space Shuttle Atmospheric Cosmic-Ray Application (3) Space Radiation Fluence (/sr/s/m 2 /(MeV/A)) Proton Neutron 4 He 12 C 56 Fe Solar Minimum 51.6 deg 380km altitude By PHITS Flux (/cm 2 /s/(mev/n)) Neutron α 12 C 56 Fe Proton Energy (MeV/A) Spectra outside spacecraft by CREME Incident Energy (MeV/n) Spectra inside spacecraft by PHITS by T. Sato 25

26 Space Radiation Dose estimation in Space Shuttle Galactic Cosmic Ray High energy proton, Heavy Ion (Z<28) Trapped Proton Proton, Heavy Ion Transport, Neutron produced by Shuttle and Atmosphere of Earth (Albedo neutron) Neutron Spectra in Space Shuttle PHITS calculation PHITS PHITS can can simulate Heavy Heavy Ion Ion transport and and low low energy energy Neutron in in 3D 3D Geometry T. Sato et.al. Radiat. Meas. 41 (2006) 1142 Space Radiation Neutron Flux (/MeV/cm 2 /s) *Exp. (STS-89) Cal. (Total) Cal. (Earth albedo neutron) Cal. (Locally produced neutron) Energy (MeV) Neutron Spectra inside Space Shuttle by T. Sato 26

Neutron Fluence (/MeV/cm 2 /s) 10 2 10 0 10 2 10 4 0 g/cm 2 20 g/cm 2 40 g/cm 2 80 g/cm 2 *Exp.

27 Neutron Fluence (/MeV/cm 2 /s) g/cm 2 20 g/cm 2 40 g/cm 2 80 g/cm 2 *Exp. in MIR (40 g/cm 2 ) Neutron Energy (MeV) Neutron Spectra inside Cylindrical Shell by T. Sato Neutron spectrum in in atmosphere CREME96 + PHITS with JENDL-HEfile Neutron Flux (cm 2 s 1 lethargy 1 ) T. Sato and K. Niita, Radiat. Res., 166 (2006) 544 d = 101 g/cm 2 (~16.0 km) r c = 0.7 GV s min Exp. (Goldhagen et al.) Simulation Analytical Function d = 201 g/cm 2 (~11.8km) r c = 4.3 GV s min d = 1030 g/cm 2 (ground level) r c = 2.7 GV s min Neutron Energy (MeV) Space Radiation 27

EXPACS : Excel-based Program for for calculating Atmospheric Spectrum http//www3.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/rphpwww/radiation-protection/expacs/expacs.html by T.

28 EXPACS : Excel-based Program for for calculating Atmospheric Spectrum http//www3.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/rphpwww/radiation-protection/expacs/expacs.html by T. Sato Muon and Proton Spectra on the earth At 2 m Vertical Flux (/MeV/cm 2 /s/sr) Allkofer CAPRICE94 CAPRICE94 FLUKA PHITS Total Muon+ Muon Vertical Flux (cm 2 s 1 sr 1 MeV 1 ) PHITS Sanuki et al. Barber et al. Sembroski et al. Kocharian Muon Energy (MeV) Proton Energy (MeV) by T. Sato 28

29 600 宙線被ばく線量2006 年 6 月の地表面における宇宙線被ばく線量率マップ標高の高いチベット高原や, 磁極に近いグリーンランドや南極で線量率が高くなる宇率nSv/h 20 by T. Sato User Interfaces of of PHITS 3D view of the calculation model Utilities (1) 29

User Interfaces of of PHITS 2D view and 2D output of the

geometry User Interfaces (2) 2D output of the

This function is very powerful for optimization study!

cm, Concrete 55 cm 10 20 30 1 hour min set: c1[65.

0] Fe 65 $ cm, concrete Concrete [cm] 75 cm set: c2[75.

30 User Interfaces of of PHITS 2D view and 2D output of the final results by color clusters and contour plots with geometry User Interfaces (2) 2D output of the intermediate results of a certain interval of histories. This function is very powerful for optimization study!!! Fe Magnetite Optimization of this part Concrete Fe 36 cm, Concrete 55 cm hour min set: c1[65.0] c1[36.0] Fe 65 $ cm, concrete Concrete [cm] 75 cm set: c2[75.0] c2[55.0] $ Fe [cm] set: c50[60] $ x-top of duct hours min [surface] 1 px c50+c1 2 px c50+c1+c2 3 User Interfaces (3) 30

31 Present and Future of of PHITS Typical Features of the present PHITS code. Heavy Ion transport ( JQMD and Ionizaiton Processes ). Low Energy Neutron Transport ( By Evaluated Nuclear Data ). Functions of Beam Transport ( Magnetic Field and the other Devices ). Event Generator Mode: Deposit Energy (Heat) without Local Approximation. Deposit Energy Distribution ( Beyond One-Body Observables ). In future: Microscopic treatment of ionization processes. DCHAIN-SP, Radioactivity Calculation Photo-Nuclear Reaction EGS4, High Energy Photon and Electron Transport Future Distribution of ofphits PHITS ver.2.13 and ANGEL ver.4.35 have been released from JAEA. niita@tokai.rist.or.jp RIST. Code Center: distribution 31

External MC code : PHITS

External MC code : PHITS Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System Koji. Niita 1, Tatsuhiko Sato 2, Hiroshi Iwase 3, Yosuke Iwamoto 2, Norihiro Matsuda 2, Yukio Sakamoto 2, Hiroshi Nakashima 2, Davide

Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System 粒子 重イオン輸送コード PHITS の利用

Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System 粒子重イオン輸送コード PHITS の利用