PRAGUE IN 2011 I

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1 PRAGUE IN 2011 I 1

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3 MY LIFE TIME COLLABORATION WITH CZECH PHYSICISTS IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS I.Savin, JINR, Dubna OUTLINE 1. Introduction GeV JINR synchrophasotron ( ): -detector development, -elastic scattering of positive and negative pions GeV IHEP proton synchrotron ( ): -neutral kaon regeneration, -neutral kaon decays GeV CERN proton synchrotron: -NA-4 ( ), -COMPASS (from 1995). 5. Conclusions. Prague, 26 May,

4 10 GeV proton synchrophasotpon, largest in the world at the time, put in operation in

5 1960-s were Gold years of detector development for high energy experiments at LHE: -nuclear emulsions -cloud, diffusion, bubble chambers (propane, xenon, hydrogen) -electronic detectors (scintillation and Cherenkov (solid & gas) counters, spark chambers (optical & on-line), MWPC, DC ) and associated electronics 5

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14 Special agreement on collaboration between IHEP and JINR in high energy experiments at 76 GeV proton synchrotron 14

15 Experiments at U-70 at Serpukhov 1967 Significant break-through in High Energy Physics Commissioning of 70 GeV proton Synchrotron in Protvino Substantial advantage in energy over the world A.Logunov U-70 parameters: 76 GeV, largest in the world, Director of IHEP put in operations in

16 The collaboration, extended later by the new members, has performed a number of experiments - BIS, CHARM, EXCHARM 16

17 BIS experiment at U-70 One of the first experiments at U-70 Study of K 0 L K 0 S regeneration in Hydrogen, Deuterium and Carbon The goal of experiments: study of energy dependence of the transmission regeneration amplitude in the momentum range GeV/c, that is an equivalent to measurement of the difference of total cross-sections of K 0 and K 0 interaction with a matter. 17

18 BIS lay out 18

19 BIS properties 0 0 L, S crossing geometry for selections of, 3 m long H 2 and D 2 targets, C-target with d~1 g/cm 3, He filled decay volume, 0 e and - detectors for registration of and decays, K K 0 Ke3 K 3 Si- hodoscopes for decay pattern oriented triggers, hadron calorimeter for beam monitoring, set of 18 spark chambers with magnetostrictive t ti read out, BESM-3M on line, optimized soft ware, world class apparatus at the time of executions. 19

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21 Experiment on K 0 L K 0 S regeneration 21

22 BIS data analysis in Prague 22

23 Contributions of Czech physicists to BIS: -participation in the setting up of the experiment and on-line software, -data taking and analysis on K0-long-K0-short regeneration from Carbon (full Prague responsibility),d and H, K0-long decay form factors, searches for new vector mesons and charm particles, -preparations of new experiments with upgraded BIS CHARM,EXCHARM 23

24 BIS main results 0 K s 0 -Interference between K and L s regenerated in H 2, D 2 and C has been observed at high energies for the first time. -The modulus and phase of the regeneration amplitudes have been measured in the energy range GeV. -The modulus and differential cross section of the transmission regeneration as a function of momentum follow the power low predicted by the CAM model and Pomeranchuk theorem - 24

25 BIS main results -The phase of the regeneration amplitude is energy independent, its value is in agreement with prediction from the crossing symmetry and analytic properties of scattering amplitude. -The K 0 p and K 0 p total cross section difference has a power low ~Ap -n. Rising of the K + n total cross section was predicted and confirmed at IHEP by direct measurements 25

26 Members of the Berlin, Budapest, Dubna, Moscow, Prague, Sofia,Tbilisi Collaboration 26

27 Collaboration at CERN 450 GeV SPS In the first common CERN-JINR experiment NA-4 under special agreement between the CERN and JINR Directors General N.N.Bogolubov N and W. Jentschke during Commissioning Directors General of the 400 GeV Superconductive the NNB visit in 1974 Proton Synchrotron at CERN SPS NA4 CERN SPS CERN Meyrin John Adams Director of the SPS project Super Proto Synchrotron, 27 later CERN Director

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29 the NA4 experiment: the success story of an early CERN-JINR collaboration R.Voss,Symposium in honour of I.Savin@Prague Igor Savin s th, Dubna, 7 December

30 Original proposal SPSC/P19: CERN-Munich-Rome! Rome! 30

31 Addendum by Dubna,CERN,Munich,Roma 31

32 Co-operation with CERN at SPS 1975 A Proposal is approved to build an apparatus and study inclusive deep inelastic muon scattering on nucleons and nuclei to the highest energies and four-momentum transfers available at the SPS - the NA4 experiment by the BCDMS collaboration: B C D M S Bologna, INFN, Italy CERN Dubna, JINR Munich University, Germany Saclay, CEN, France The first JINR CERN (USSR CERN) experiment at CERN JINR=USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, DDR, Hungary 32

33 A1 NA4 the First JINR-CERN Experiment DIS muon trajectory in the toroidal magnetic field M/0.3 B ~ 1.5 m 33

34 Слайд 33 A1 Admin;

35 NA4 the First JINR-CERN Experiment High Luminosity spectrometer for deep inelastic muon scattering JINR contributions (~30% of total costs): 10 supermodules of iron yoke, 80 halfplanes of MWPC, 7 planes of hexagonal MWPS 34

36 The iron yoke modules production at the JINR workshop ( originally at Prague?), weight of each module is about 20 t. 35

37 Arrival of first iron modules at CERN (1977), 80 modules in total 36

38 Modules are assembled to 10 Super- modules 37

39 the magnet coils are installed 38

40 and undergo a stringent quality control!!! 39

41 MWPC production at Dubna MWPC are designed by I.Golutvin et al. 40

42 .produced.. 41

43 ..tested 42

44 inspected by the important visitors 43

45 .. transported to Geneva by air (First commercial flight ever of IL-76 to the West, February,1978) 44

46 ...unloaded under the eyes of an important delegation 45

47 installed in the Spectrometer. 46

48 and with a little help from some good old friends, NA4 is getting ready for physics! 47

49 The NA4 technical run, 1978 The very first muon track, recorded by the JINR MWPC 48

50 Data taking: , analysis up to

51 Contributions of Czech physicists to NA-4: -participation i in data taking and analysis of main results: nucleon structure functions F2(x,Q2) and QCD test, observation of the electro-weak interference, observation of nuclear effects in SF, including at x>1; -studies of special aspects of the experiment: map of the solenoid magnetic field, muon energy losses, Fermi motion corrections to DIS, development of new method of the QCD analysis, on-line monitoring, ect. 50

52 The NA4 heritage: the structure function F 2 (x,q 2 ) of protons. The EMC and SLAC data corrected after the NA4 publication. 51

53 Still a pillar of today s world set of data on nucleon structure functions! (RPP 2010) NA4 corner 52

54 Scaling violations: test of perturbative QCD and measurementof the strong coupling constant s (M Z2 ) = ± (exp) ± (th) Still a competitive measurement today! 53

55 Week-electromagnetic interference has been observed for the first time in the muon-quark Interactions. (20 years before HERA): WS/GIM mixing angle and Interference Structure function xf3 have been derived from the measured B-asymmetries. 54

56 Other highlights: g Nuclear effects Qualitatively the EMC effect is confirmed and corrected: the structure of free nucleons is different from the structure t of nucleons bound in nuclei 55

57 SF at x>1, kinematically forbidden for a muon-nucleon interaction 56

58 COMPASS: THE new fixed target facility at CERN! COMPASS - History 1996 COMPASS proposal 1997 conditional approval 26. June MoU construction & installation 2001 technical run data taking 8. April 1999 at least until 2015 International in 2011 practice 57

59 The COMPASS Collaboration (230 Physicists from 12 Countries) Dubna (LPP and LNP), Moscow (INR, LPI, State University), Protvino CERN Bielefeld, Bochum, Bonn (ISKP & PI), Erlangen, Freiburg, Heidelberg, Mainz, München (LMU & TU) Warsaw (SINS), Warsaw (TU) Prague Helsinki Nagoya Lisboa Saclay Torino(University,INFN), Trieste(University,INFN) Burdwan, Calcutta Tel Aviv Czech physicists participate in the in 2011Dubna & Prague teams 58

60 COMPASS Physics Goals With muon beam: nucleon spin structure With hadron beam: hadron spectroscopy Gluon Polarization G/G Transverse s spin structure t function h 1 (x) Flavor dependent d polarized quark helicity densities q(x) Spin dependent fragmentation functions Primakoff-Reactions -polarizability of and K Glueballs and hybrids Charmed mesons and baryons -semi-leptonic decays -double-charmed baryons Diffractive VM-Production 59

61 COMPASS Beam: 160 GeV µ +, pol. 80% from π decay Two stage spectrometer 60 m long Hodoscopes SM E/HCAL1 2 Muon Wall 2 SM1 RICH1 MWPC E/HCAL2 Polarized Target MWPC, Gems, Scifi, W45 (not shown) 160 GeV Muon Wall 1, µ beam Rich Wall Straws, Gems Infrastructure t Scifi, Silicon Micromegas, SDC, Scifi 60

62 Parton Distribution Functions Three twist 2 PDFs q(x) f q 1q (x) unpolarised PDF quark with momentum xp in a nucleon well known unpolarized DIS q(x) g 1q (x) helicity PDF quark with spin parallel to the nucleon spin in a longitudinally polarised nucleon known polarized DIS T q(x) h 1q (x) transversity PDF quark with ihspin parallel l to the nucleon spin in a transversely polarised nucleon chiral odd, poorly known 61

63 Factorization & x sect. asymmetries Inclusive scattering Semi inclusive scattering long. double spin asymmetry transverse single asymmetry 62

64 HILIGHTS of COMPASS RESULTS on NUCLEON SPIN STRUCTURE 63

65 Proton asymmetries incl. & semi incl. asymmetries, similar data for deuteron incl. π + K + π K 64

66 Q 2 evolution of g 1 (x,q 2 ) 1 Q 2 dependence of g 1 data related to gluon polarization (DGLAP) Limited kinematic range (c.f. unpol. HERA) p d CLAS 65

67 The role of quark flavours LO Osemi-inclusive e data analysisa s 66

68 Bjorken sum rule from neutron β decay 67

69 TMD parton distributions 8 intrinsic transverse momentum dependent PDFs at LO Azimuthal asymmetries with different angular modulations in the hadron and spin azimuthal angles, Φ h and Φ s aka Sivers Boer Mulders Transversity 68

70 Proton Collins asymmetry Fit to COMPASS d, HERMES, BELLE (Collins FF, e + e - ) in good agreement with new proton data p 69

71 Proton Collins asymmetry Fit to COMPASS d, HERMES, BELLE (Collins FF, e + e - ) in good agreement with new proton data p 70

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73 Conclusions BIS and NA4 have been the landmark experiments that made original and lasting contributions to the particle physics Czech participants i t of these experiments JC J.Cvach, J.Hladky, R.Lednicky, S.Nemechek, M.Nowak, A.Prokesh, PReimer P.Reimer, JStrachota J.Strachota, J.Votruba, JZhachek J.Zhachek, PZavada P.Zavada can be proud of their contributions Experience gained was very important for further participation of Czech physicists in experiments at JINR, DESY, CERN, BNL Prague team in COMPASS and annual Prague workshops on spin physics promote the field in the world 72

74 Thank you my dear friends and colleagues Special thanks to Czechoslovakian Academy of Science for awarding me with Gold medal and to Czech Physics Society for the present valuable award THANKS TO ALL OF YOU 73