Badçgiannis bk N I jiltiadçu AK O I halagri AK P I fésilanti bk Q I aedelçudis CK R I sintzileçu bk S

Transcription

1 Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) 2012 DWE, Wrocław, Poland, ISSN , ISBN MIX DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GROUTS WITH SUPERFINE NATURAL POZZOLAN Badçgiannis bk N I jiltiadçu AK O I halagri AK P I fésilanti bk Q I aedelçudis CK R I sintzileçu bk S ABSTRACT fnthisp~perthefirstresultsof~rese~rchprogr~mfortheoptimiz~tionofthemixdesignofhydr~ulic limepozzol~nicgroutsev~lu~tedthroughrheologic~limech~nic~l~nddur~bilitytestsi~representedk qwodifferenttypesofsuperfinen~tur~lpozzol~nsicommerci~lly~v~il~ble~sμjsilic~it~ndbtypei b~sedonvolc~nicgl~ssofrhyoliticcompositioniwereused~spozzol~nic~dditivesenmbfto ~commerci~ln~tur~lhydr~uliclimeekeirofptastierfiinordertoprep~regroutsofhigh inject~bilityisuit~bleforthestrengtheningofstonem~sonryhistoricstructureskqheev~lu~tionofthe groutsinject~bilityc~p~cityw~sfirstperformedbyfluidityipenetr~bility~ndst~bilitytestskclexur~l ~ndcompressivestrengthtestsweresubsequentlyc~rriedouttogetherwithdryingshrink~getestifor thephysic~ljmech~nic~lch~r~cteriz~tionof~seriesofgroutmixturesiselectedontheb~sisoftheir s~tisf~ctoryinject~bilitrych~r~cteristicskqheselectedgroutswere~lsoexposedtonmbsodium sulph~tesolutioniinordertorecordtheirdur~bilitybeh~viorireg~rdingthes~ltcryst~lliz~tionkqhe untilnowexperiment~lresultsshowth~ttheuseofthissuperfinen~tur~lpozzol~nle~dstoinject~ble groutswith~nimprovementofthecompressivestrengthicomp~redtothepurecommerci~lhydr~ulic limeb~sedgroutkcurthermoreigroutmixescont~iningpozzol~nipresentedbetterresist~ncetos~lt cryst~lliz~tioniincomp~risontothes~mplesth~tdidnotcont~inpozzol~nkbspeci~llyithemixtures withtjtypepozzol~ndemonstr~tedthebestmech~nic~lperform~nce~ndresist~ncetos~lt cryst~lliz~tionkeoweverthestrength~nddur~bilityresultspresentsomedifferencesincomp~rison withthoseobt~inedintheliter~turekkeverthelessitherese~rchisstillinprogressinordertobetter cl~rifythepresentresults~ndfullyinvestig~tethebenefici~leffectofsubstituting~p~rtofhydr~ulic limewiththe~forementionedpozzol~nicm~teri~lsiintermsofinject~bilityistrength~nddur~bility requirementsk heywçrds: drçuti katural éçzzçlani fnjectabilityi jechanical characteristicsi aurability 1. INTRODUCTION eydr~uliclimejb~sedgroutsehydr~uliclimewithorwithout~pozzol~nicm~teri~lfseemtooffer ~promising~ltern~tivetothetern~rygroutsewithlimitedcementcontentfduetotheirsimil~ritywith theinsitum~teri~ls~ndtheirmech~nic~lefficiencyforthestructur~lrestor~tionofstonem~sonry N iecturerik~tion~lqechnic~lrniversityofathensiaep~rtmentofptructur~lbngineeringii~bor~tory ofoeinforcedconcreteirfroonmolytechniouptrkinrttpwogr~fouidreeceib~dstr~t]centr~lkntu~kgr O CivilbngineerImhaIeellenicjinistryofCulture~ndqourismIairectorofjuseumsptudies~ndCultur~l BuildingsIpqKh~rytsiNOINMRSNIAthensIdreece~milti~dou]cultureKgr P Chemic~lbngineerIjpcIk~tion~lCenterforpcientificoese~rch aemokritos Ifnstituteofj~teri~lspcienceI NRPNMAghi~m~r~skevidreeceI~nn~Kk~l~gri]gm~ilKcom Q deologistijpcipcbfndustri~ljiner~lspkakinrakjet~x~ptrkidonqrsqhifissi~imklkboxrnrouidreecei bkfpsil~nti]s~ndbkcom R Chemic~lbngineerImhaIpCBfndustri~ljiner~lspKAKINRAKjet~x~ptrKIdoNQRSQhifissi~ImKlKBoxRNROUI dreeceickaedeloudis]s~ndbkcom S mrofessorik~tion~lqechnic~lrniversityofathensiaep~rtmentofptructur~lbngineeringii~bor~tory ofoeinforcedconcreteirfroonmolytechniouptrkinrttpwogr~fouidreeceielvintz]centr~lkntu~kgr TTP

2 xnjpzkpystem~ticstudiesofgroutsusing~seriesofcommerci~lhydr~uliclimesh~veproventh~tthis typeofgroutsconstitute~reli~ble~ltern~tivetohigherstrengthtern~rycementitiousgroutsxqjszk corthemixdesignofhydr~ulicgroutsofhighinject~bilityispecificcriteri~iwhichlinktheestim~ted nomin~lminimumwidthofvoidstobefilledet nom Fwithb~sicpropertiesofthegroutcompositionI h~vebeenproposedintheliter~turextjvzkb~sedonthesecriteri~~ndusingcommerci~lm~teri~lsione c~nprep~rehydr~ulicgroutsinject~bleinvoids~ndcr~cksof~nomin~lminimumwidthof MKNJMKOmmorhigherKcorlowernomin~lminimumwidthsIwhichcorrespondtoveryfinesiltorcl~yI thepenetr~bilityofhydr~ulicgroutsc~nnotbes~tisf~ctorykqh~tiswhywhen~nimport~ntpercent~ge ofcl~y~ndsiltispresent~sloosem~teri~li~successfulinjectionc~nnotbe~ssuredxritzk fnthisfr~meworki~comp~r~tivestudyw~sundert~kenforthedesignofgroutsinject~bleinvoids~nd cr~cksofnomin~lminimumwidthtnom~ommμmusing~n~tur~lpozzol~ni~s~n~dditiveto ~commerci~lhydr~uliclimekfnject~bility~nddur~bilitych~r~cteristicsi~swell~smech~nic~l propertiesithemostimport~ntp~r~metersth~tinfluencetheperform~nceofthegroutsi~reex~mined ~ndusedfortheselectionoftheoptim~lcompositionsontheb~sisofthe~forementionedmixdesign criteri~k 2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK puperfinen~tur~lpozzol~nicommerci~lly~v~il~ble~sμjsilic~typet~ndbiw~sused~s~pozzol~nic ~dditivetothecommerci~ln~tur~lhydr~uliclimekeireptastierfkk~tur~lmozzol~niis~pure n~tur~l~morphous~luminosilic~teminer~lioccurringinjilosfsl~ndedreecefkchemic~l~nd ~qu~lit~tiveminer~logic~lcompositioni~regiveninq~blesn~ndoirespectivelykftw~sfoundth~t n~tur~lpozzol~ncont~insmoreth~ntmkmbofsilic~epil O F~ndNOKMJNRKMBof~morphous~lumin~ EAl O l P F~nditoccursin~morphousgl~ssyst~teofVRKMBI~tle~stKjoredet~ils~ndperform~nce ch~r~cteristicsofthem~teri~l~regivenelsewherexnmzkeydr~uliclimekeirisproducedfrom~n ~rgill~ceouslimestonewithsiliceouscontentkftcont~insm~inlyc~lciteimortl~ndite~ndc~lcium silic~teskchemic~l~nd~qu~lit~tiveminer~logic~l~n~lysisi~re~lsogiveninq~blesn~ndoi respectivelyki~sergr~insize~n~lysisofthem~teri~ls~regiveninq~blepkk~tur~lpozzol~nh~s ~me~nsizeof~pproxknioujniqμm~ndbothtypesh~ve~highspecificsurf~ceme~suredusingthe methodofk O BbqEPIM~nd~OMIMm O LgrIrespectivelyFI~s~resultoftheiriniti~lmech~nic~l~ctiv~tion byphysic~lprocessk Table 1 Chemic~l~n~lysisofmozzol~n~ndk~tur~leydr~uliciime SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 MgO CaO Na 2 O K 2 O L.O.I Natural Pozzolan TNIRT NPIUN NIMN MIRM MITN PIPP QIMP RIMQ NHL5 NUIRT OIPR MISS OIPT RVITM MIMS MIPV NSIQN Table 2 jiner~logic~l~n~lysisofmozzol~n~ndeydr~ulicbinder Natural Pozzolan NHL5 nu~rtz fllite celdsp~r C~lcite C~Cl P C~lciumpilic~te C O p mortl~ndite Ce C~lciumAluminumlxidesJC P AICA cin~llyitwotypesofsuperpl~sticizersofaomylcoitdicentq~ndpmiiwereusedtogetherwitht~p w~terinv~riouspercent~gesforthedispersionofthesolidm~teri~ls~ndtheprep~r~tionofgroutskqhey werecomp~redisincethey~ctdifferentlykjorespecific~llyicentqcre~tesiin~dditiontoits TTQ

3 electrost~tic~ctionimolecul~rch~ins~roundthep~rticlesiwhichle~dstolessfrictionsurf~cesin betweenthemkqhe~ctionofpmiism~inlyelectrost~tic~ndthebetterrheologic~lbeh~viourofthemix is~resultofthedevelopedrepulsionforcesinbetweenthech~rgedp~rticleskbothsuperpl~sticizers complywithbkvpqjotkpknipkoiakpkqkjkcqvqtypeacc~ndapqjcnmntk B~sedonthegr~insize~n~lysispresentedinq~blePIthedi~metercorrespondingtoURBp~ssing~nd tothevvbp~ssingofthesolidph~seof~groutconsistingofne~tn~tur~lhydr~uliclimefulfilthe penetr~bilitygr~dingcriteri~forvoids~ndcr~cksofnomin~lminimumwidthtnom~ommμmeikek d UR <tnomlrzqmμm~ndd VV <tnomloznmmμmirespectivelyfxuzk Table 3dr~insize~n~lysisch~r~cteristicsofpozzol~n~ndhydr~uliclime Undersize (μm) of volume fractions (%) d 50 d 85 d 99 Natural Pozzolan t-type NIQO NQIOO ORIMQ B-type NIOU VINR NQINR NHL5 NMIMM OTIMM RMIMM Astheobjectiveofthisrese~rchistocomp~rethech~r~cteristicsofgroutswith~solidph~se composedbyvmbofkeir~ndnmbofn~tur~lpozzol~ntothoseofgroutsofne~tkeirithedesign of~llcompositionsw~sperformedwiththe~imtoensurehighinject~bilityunderlowpressureiin cr~cksofthe~forementionedtnom~ommμmk qothisendtheperform~nceofthemixturesiintermsofpenetr~bilityifluidity~ndst~bility ch~r~cteristicsw~sex~minedforv~riousw~tertosolidr~tioswith~ndwithoutsuperpl~sticizerkdrout penetr~bilityw~sme~suredusingthest~nd~rdizeds~ndcolumntestxkcmnujuvn~ndbknttnziwith siliceouss~ndv~ryingfromniormmtooirmmmiwhichcorrespondstovoidsofmiojmiqmmi~ndto ~t nom ZOMRμmxUzKdrouts~reconsideredtoexhibithighpenetr~bilityIwhenthetimeEq PS Fthegrout t~kestore~chtheupperp~rtofthecolumnepscmfiislessth~nrmkmsec~ndthegroutcomesoutof thecolumn~ndflowsto~n~dj~centrecipientxvzkcluidityw~sme~suredthroughthej~rshconetest EApqjCVPVJUTorkcmNUJPRUFKp~tisf~ctoryfluidityofthegroutmixturesisconsideredtobe ~chievediwhenthefluidityf~ctoreb~sedonme~surementswith~j~rshconewith~nozzledi~meter dzpmmfishigherth~nmit NM P mmls~ndthetot~leffluxtimeofrmmkmmlofgroutislessth~n QRsecEb~sedonme~surementswith~j~rshconewith~nozzledi~meterdZQITmmFxVzKfn~ddition to~dequ~tepenetr~bility~ndfluiditypropertiesist~bilityofthesuspensioniikek~bilitytopreserve homogeneityiw~sex~minedkagroutisconsideredst~blewhenith~snosegreg~tion~nditpresents lowbleedingiwith~m~ximum~ccept~blelimitofrbeme~sured~ccordingtokcmnujprvfxtzk fnordertore~chsimil~rinject~bilityfor~llgroutmixeskeepingthes~mew~tertosolidsr~tioitheuse of~n~dequ~tesuperpl~stisizerw~snecess~ryespeci~llyforthegroutscont~iningkeir~ndn~tur~l mozzol~nkqheselectionofthew~tertosolidsr~tio~ndofthetype~ndcontentofsuperpl~sticizerw~s performedontheb~sisof~prelimin~rystudyfor~llthesolidph~sesstudiedkallthegroutswere mixedusing~nultr~soundmixerenmmmtiouκηzfiwith~mech~nic~l~git~tionoflowturbulence E~pproxim~telyPMMrpmFKqot~lmixingtimew~sOminutesforthene~thydr~uliclimegrout~ndQ minutesforthebin~rygroutsofhydr~uliclime~ssoci~tedwithn~tur~lmozzol~neominlsolid componentfxtzk fnq~bleq~reshownthegroutmixturesselectedontheb~sisoftheirs~tisf~ctoryinject~bilitry ch~r~cteristicskqhefirsttwomixesedmkr~nddsfcont~in~solidph~seconsistingofne~thydr~ulic limekeir~ndh~vethes~metlpzmiuorkqheydifferonlyconcerningthetype~ndpercent~geof superplisticizerwdmkrcont~insmirbofcebjntq~nddsmitrbofsuperpl~sticizerpmikfnthenext fourmixesedtnmidtnmsidbnm~nddbnmsfnmbn~tur~lmozzol~nμjsilic~itypet~ndb respectivelyiwere~ddeditogetherwithsuperpl~sticizerinsimil~rpercent~gesfore~chtypei~sthose usedforthefirsttwomixeskqhew~tertosolidsr~tiointhesefourmixesis~lsothes~mewithth~t usedinthefirsttwogroutsedmkr~nddsfwherene~thydr~uliclimew~susedkqhisw~soneofthe objectivesoftherese~rchinthisprelimin~ryph~seiinordertof~cilit~tethecomp~risonofmixtures with~ndwithoutmozzol~niintermsofstrength~nddur~bilitych~r~cteristicswherethew~tercontent pl~ys~nimport~ntrolek TTR

4 Table 4 droutdesignmixes Composition (% w/w) Grout composition NHL5 μ-silica/w μ-silica/b Superplasticizer CH174 (*) Superplasticizer SPL (*) Water G0.5 NMM TTS MIRM UOIRM Gs NMM J J J MITR UOIRM GW10 VM NM J MIRM J UOIRM GW10s VM NM J J MITR UOIRM GB10 VM J NM MIRM J UOIRM GB10s VM J NM J MITR UOIRM EGFofthesolidph~seofthegroutK corthe~boveselectedgroutsofsimil~rinject~bilityi~ddition~ltestingh~sbeenc~rriedoutkclexur~l strength~ndcompressivestrength~touivm~ndnumd~yswereme~suredinspecimens QM QM NSMmm~ndQM QM QM mmi respectivelyxbknvsjnzkaryingphrink~gew~s~lso ev~lu~tedi~ccordingtoapqjcrvs~ndbknvsjpkcin~llyi~ftervmd~ysofcuringis~mples QM QM QMmmfromtheselectedgroutmixesh~vebeentestedforev~lu~tingtheirdur~bilityI reg~rdingthes~ltcryst~lliz~tionresist~ncexpzkaccordingtotheprocedureeofibjsnkbfidried s~mpleswereimmersedin~nmbwlvk~ O pl Q solutionfortwohoursiremoved~ndp~tteddryi~nd thendriedintheovenforomhourskafterdryingitheywerepl~cedinthedesicc~tor~ndlefttocoolfor OhoursKqhisOQhourtestcycleofimmersionIdryingI~ndcoolingw~srepe~tedNRtimesKqhes~mples werephotogr~phed~ndweighed~ftereverysecondcycle~nd~fterthefifteenthefin~lfcycleewhen survivedfkattheendofthes~ltimmersioncyclingithesurvivings~mples~repl~cedin~cont~iner filledwitht~pw~terkqhist~pw~terw~sreplenishedd~ilyfor~weekkqhes~mpleswerethendried untiltheyre~chedconst~ntweightiweighed~ndphotogr~phed~ttheendofthisprocedurekteighting indic~tedtheeffectofs~ltcryst~lliz~tiontothegroutsconsistencyk qhistest~ttemptstosimul~tes~ltcryst~lliz~tionwithinthem~teri~l~ndtorecordthedestructive effectofsodiumsulph~terejcryst~lliz~tiononthetesteds~mpleskasitiswellknowniwhens~ltsrej cryst~llizetheyexp~ndwithinthem~teri~l~ndcr~ckingoccursiwhichgr~du~llyc~usescoll~psekbven thoughthistestingproceduresimul~tesextremewe~theringcyclesth~tthegroutformul~tionm~ynot besubjectedtoiitest~blishes~comp~r~tiveindexofdur~bility~crosss~mplesb~sedontheirspecific v~ri~blesk 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION q~blerishowstheinject~bilitych~r~cteristicsoftheselectedgroutsieikekwthetimeqpsins~nd columnniorloirmmevoidsmiojmiqitnomzomrμmfisgivenforch~r~cterizingpenetr~bility;the fluidityf~ctoreb~sedonme~surementswith~j~rshconewith~nozzledi~meterdzpmmf~ndthe tot~leffluxtimeofrmmkmmlofgrouteb~sedonme~surementswith~j~rshconewith~nozzle di~meterdzqitmmf~regivenforch~r~cterizingfluidity;fin~llybleedingv~lues~reincludedfor ch~r~cterizingst~bilityit~kinginto~ccountth~t~llthecompositionselecteddidnotpresent segreg~tionk Allselectedgroutcompositionss~tisfytheinject~bilitycriteri~Isetintheliter~turexTJVzIintermsof penetr~bilityifluidity~ndst~bilitych~r~cteristicsi~ndpresent~simil~rhighinject~bilityc~p~cityfor commonw~tertosolidr~tioofmiuorkcor~llgroutsiwhensuperpl~sticizercentqis~ddedithe optimumcontentseemstobemkrmbiwhilewhensuperpl~sticizerpmiis~ddeditheoptimumcontent ismktrbkkeverthelesstherese~rchisstillinprogress~nd~moredet~iledinvestig~tionist~kenpl~ce reg~rdingtheoptimis~tionofw~ter~ndsuperpl~sticizercontenti~swell~sthepercent~gesofkeir ~ndn~tur~lpozzol~nk

5 Grout Mixtures Table 5 menetr~bilityifluidity~ndst~bilitych~r~cteristicsifortheselectedgroutmixes Penetrability T36 (sec) Sand column test 1,25/2,5mm, Wnom205μm Stability Bleeding ( %) TTT t d3mm (sec) (100ml of grout) Fluidity Marsh cone test Fluidity Factor (*10 3 mm/sec) t d4,7mm (sec) (500ml of grout) G0.5 ORINR OIMM NVIUQ MITN OTIQP Gs NOIVN OIMM NSIRU MIUR OQIQM GW10 VITO OIMM NRIPS MIVO OOIVV GW10s NSIPV OIMM NTINN MIUP ORIPM GB10 NRIVT NITR NVIPV MITP OSIQS GB10s NRIMR OIRM NUIQN MITT OSIOO civeofthe~boveselectedmixesin~melyidsidtnmidtnmsidbnm~nddbnmswerefurtherstudied fortheirphysic~limech~nic~l~nddur~bilitybeh~viourkq~blesincludestheresultsfortheflexur~l ~ndcompressivestrength~tv~rious~gesi~swell~sforthedryingshrink~geofthedesignedgroutsk cigknpresentstheresultsofflexur~lstrength~ndcigkothoseofcompressivestrengthirespectivelyk AsitisshownIthe~dditionofn~tur~lpozzol~nimprovestheflexur~l~ndcompressivestrengthofthe grouts~nditspositiveeffectbecomescle~rer~fterthe~geofvmd~yskiittledifferences~rereported betweenthetwotypesofsuperpl~sticizeri~swell~sbetweenthetwotypesofμjsilic~typekqhe ~dditionofμjsilic~itypebiseemstobemoreinfluenti~lonstrengthdevelopmentcomp~redtotype tkpincethereisnodifferenceinthechemic~lcompositionbetweenthetwotypesithedifferencein themech~nic~lpropertiesofthemixesicouldbe~ttributedtoitsfinerch~r~cteristicsk eoweverith~stobenotedth~ttheresultsobt~ined~renotcomp~r~tivewiththosepresentedinthe liter~tureforgroutscomposedbyne~thydr~uliclimeekeirptastierfwithorwithoutsuperpl~sticizer forsimil~rtlpr~tio~ndwithtot~llysimil~rmixing~ndtestproceduresxqirzkfnf~ctthestrength v~lueswerehigherth~nthoseobt~inedinthecurrentexperimentskkeverthelessitherese~rchisstillin progressusing~newb~tchofthes~metypeofhydr~uliclime~ndthisphenomenonwillbefurther ex~minedi~sith~simp~ctnotonlytothemech~nic~lch~r~cteristicsofkeirestastierfgroutsbut ~lsoonthoseofthevmbkeir~ndnmbn~tur~lmozzol~noneskpubsequentlyithebenefici~leffectof thepozzol~nonstrength~nddur~bilitypropertiesiispossiblyunderestim~tedk Table 6 clexur~lstrengthicompressivestrength~nddryingshrink~geoftheselectedgroutmixes Sample Flexural Strength (MPa) Compression Strength (MPa) Shrinkage (mm) Gs MIR MIT MIR NIS OIM OIM MIOPSM GW10 MIR MIU MIT NIT OIR OIU MINQMM GW10s MIS MIS MIT NIT OIV OIU MINSRM GB10 MIR MIU MIS NIU OIU PIO MIMTUM GB10s MIT MIT MIS NIU OIT PIQ MIMSOR aryingshrink~geresults~re~lsoshownincigkpkaryingshrink~geisreportedreducedbypmtotrbi forthegroutswithμjsilic~icomp~redtopurekeimixedsfk cigkqshowstheresultsofweightingofthegroutspecimens~tthe~geofvmd~ysi~ftersever~lcycles ofexposureinthes~ltsolutionkcor~llspecimensiitisobservedth~tduringthefirstqcyclesithe weightisincre~sediduetos~ltrejcryst~llis~tionkaftertheq th cycleitheweightofthespecimensdid notfurtherincre~seiexceptofth~tofdtnmkfncigkriwherepicturesofthes~mples~represented ~fterscyclesofexposureiitisshownth~tonlythespecimenswithμjsilic~tjtypeedtnmidtnmsi h~vebeenrem~inedcomp~ctiprovingthebetterresist~ncetos~ltcryst~lliz~tionk

6 Fig. 1clexur~lstrengthofgroutspecimens~tv~rious~gesIinrel~tiontothetypeofn~tur~lpozzol~n Fig. 2Compressivestrengthofgroutspecimens~tv~rious~gesIinrel~tiontothetypeofn~tur~lpozzol~n Fig. 3aryingshrink~geofgroutspecimensIinrel~tiontothetypeofn~tur~lpozzol~n~ndsuperpl~stisizer TTU

7 Fig. 4teightch~ngeofgroutspecimensIinre~ltiontothenumberofexposioncycles ds dtnm dtnms dbnm dbnms Fig. 5mhotogr~phsofgroutspecimens~ftersixESFcyclesofexposure TTV

8 4. CONCLUSION qhefollowingconclusions~redr~wnfromthisstudyw qhemixtureswithn~tur~lpozzol~nμjsilic~itypet~ndbis~tisfytherequirementsfor inject~blegroutskcivemixtureswereselectedtobetested~sf~r~stheirstrength~nd dur~bilitych~r~cteristics~reconcernk qhestrengthdevelopmentofthegroutsisf~vouredbythe~dditionofn~tur~lpozzol~n μjsilic~icomp~redtothegroutm~dewithne~thydr~uliclimek aryingshrink~geisreportedreducedforthegroutswithμjsilic~k aur~bilitybeh~viourofthespecimensw~sreportedwe~kieventhoughtheexposure conditions~reconsideredintensekqheseresultsconcernbothforthespecimenswithkeir only~ndthoseofkeir~ndpozzol~nkeowevermixtureswithμjsilic~tjtypeedtnm~nd dtnmsfprovedbetterresist~ncetos~ltcryst~lliz~tionicomp~redtothegroutwithne~tkeir orthegroutswithμjsilic~bjtypek qherese~rchisstillinprogressinordertobettercl~rifythepresentedstrength~nddur~bility resultsincomp~risonwiththoseobt~inedintheliter~turei~ndfullyinvestig~tethebenefici~l effectofsubstituting~p~rtofhydr~uliclimewiththe~forementionedpozzol~nicm~teri~lsiin termsofinject~bilityistrength~nddur~bilityrequirementsk ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS qhisrese~rchw~sc~rriedoutwithinthecmtfundedprogr~mmekfhboemrojectkooqqnopf REFERENCES xnz i~eferakib~roniodkianz~niakibind~ikenvvufje~surementofgroutinjectioneffic~cyfor stonem~sonryw~llskcçnvk 7 kajcikotrea~meivolnwquqjqvsk xoz s~lluzzijkokeommmfcçméçrtamentç meccanicç di murature stçriche cçnsçlidate cçn materiali e tecniche a base di calcei mhkakqhesisirniversityofqriesteiotsk xpz ming~rronalv~rezskeommsfmerfçrmance analysis çf hydraulic lime grçuts fçr masçnry reéairi mhkakqhesisirniversityofmennsylv~ni~insqk xqz sintzileouibkijilti~doujcez~nsakeommufjech~nic~lpropertiesofthreejle~fstonem~sonry groutedwithtern~ryorhydr~uliclimejb~sedgroutskbngineering ptructurespmeufwoosrjootsk xrz h~l~griakijilti~doujcez~nsakisintzileoubkeomnmfaesign~ndev~lu~tionofhydr~uliclime groutsforthestrengtheningofstonem~sonryhistoricstructureskjaterials and ptructuresiqpw NNPRJNNQSEalfNMKNSNTLsNNROTJMMVJVRTOJNFK xsz Br~sAn~IeenriquescKjKAKEOMNOFk~tur~lhydr~uliclimeb~sedgrouts qheselectionofgrout injectionp~r~metersform~sonryconsolid~tionk Cçnstructiçn and Building jaterials OSW NPRJNQQKEaoi;NMKNMNSLconbuildm~tKOMNNKMRKMNOF xtz jilti~douiakenvvmfbtude des cçulis hydrauliques éçur la rééaratiçn et le renfçrcement des structures et des mçnuments histçriques en maççnerieimeaqhesisbkmcicr~ncewicmcmubk xuz jilti~doujcez~nsakiq~ssiosqkmkeommpfmenetr~bilityofeydr~ulicdroutsinptructur~l ptrengtheningkfnb~rsonygkeedfptructural researchi Anniversary vçlume hçnçuring meter ienkeiirniversityofmecsieung~ryinvtjomvk xvz jilti~douakiq~ssiosqkmkeomnofcluidityofhydr~ulicgroutsform~sonrystrengtheningk Acceptedforpublic~tioninj~teri~ls~ndptructuresEjAApQUSQoNK xnmz aedeloudisckio~j~ikskih~r~lisqhkidh~z~lihh~njdkieomnmfianewin~tur~lihighly~ctive pozzol~nic~dditiveforuseinconcreteimrçceedings çf thefnternatiçnal Cçnference çn cuture CçncreteI n~t~rk TUM