Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV

Transcription

1 Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV Hendrik van Hees Goethe University Frankfurt and FIAS July 17-1, 17 Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 1 / 58

2 Outline 1 Electromagnetic probes and vector mesons Hadronic models for vector mesons Realistic hadronic models for light vector mesons Hadronic many-body theory (HMBT) 3 Dileptons in AA collisions 4 Bulk-medium evolution with transport and coarse graining coarse-graining in UrQMD 5 Dileptons in heavy-ion collisions Dielectrons (SIS/HADES) Dimuons (SPS/NA6) Dielectrons at RHIC Dielectrons at FAIR/RHIC-BES 6 Signatures of the QCD-phase structure? 7 Quiz Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 / 58

3 Em. probes and vector mesons Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

4 Why Electromagnetic Probes? γ,l ± : only e. m. interactions whole matter evolution dn ee / dydm π o,η Dalitz-decays ρ,ω Φ π,... ρ/ω γ e e + DD J/Ψ a 1 Ψ l Drell-Yan Low- Intermediate- High-Mass Region > fm > 1 fm <.1 fm Fig. by A. Drees (from [RW]) mass [GeV/c ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 4 / 58

5 Vector Mesons and electromagnetic Probes photon and dilepton thermal emission rates given by same electromagnetic-current-correlation function (J µ = f Q f ψ f γ µ ψ f ) McLerran-Toimela formula (cf. Lecture II) Π < µν (q ) = d 4 x exp(iq x ) J µ ()J ν (x ) T = n B (q ) ImΠ (ret) µν (q ) q dn γ d 4 x d 3 q = α em π g µν Im Π (ret) µν (q, u) f B (p u) q = q dn e +e d 4 x d 4 k = g µν α Im 3q Π(ret) π3 µν (q, u) f B (p u) q =M e +e manifestly Lorentz covariant (dependent on four-velocity of fluid cell, u) to lowest order in α: 4παΠ µν Σ (γ) µν derivable from underlying thermodynamic potential, Ω! Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 5 / 58

6 Vector Mesons and chiral symmetry -Im Π V,A /(πs) [dim.-less] from [Rap3] V [τ > nπ ν τ ] A [τ > (n+1)π ν τ ] ρ(77) + cont. a 1 (16) + cont. 1 3 s [GeV ] Spectral Function Spectral Function "ρ" Dropping Masses? "a 1 " pert. QCD Mass Melting Resonances? "ρ" "a 1 " from [Rap5] pert. QCD Mass Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 6 / 58

7 Hadronic models for light vector mesons Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 7 / 58

8 Realistic hadronic models for light vector mesons many approaches gauged linear σ-model + vector-meson dominance [Pis95, UBW] gauge-symmetry breaking pions still in physical spectrum! massive Yang-Mills model; gauged non-linear chiral model with explicitly broken gauge symmetry [Mei88, LSY95] hidden local symmetry: Higgs-like chiral model [BKU + 85, HY3] allows for vector manifestation or usual manifestation (with a 1 ) here we concentrate on the phenomenological model by Rapp, Wambach, et al [RW99a, RG99, RW] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 8 / 58

9 Hadronic many-body theory Phenomenological HMBT [RW99a, RG99] for vector mesons ππ interactions and baryonic excitations ρ π B *, a 1, K 1,... ρ ρ ρ π N, K, π,... Baryon (resonances) important, even at RHIC with low net baryon density n B n B reason: n B +n B relevant (CP inv. of strong interactions) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 9 / 58

10 The meson sector (vacuum) most important for ρ-meson: pions π ρ ρ 5 18 F π (q ) q [GeV ] δ 1 1 [deg.] M ππ [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 / 58

11 The meson sector (matter) Pions dressed with N-hole-, -hole bubbles Ward-Takahashi vertex corrections mandatory! Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

12 The meson sector (contributions from higher resonances) 7 Im Σ ρ /m ρ [MeV] T=15MeV q=.3gev ω sum a 1 K 1 h 1 π f 1 3 sum Re Σ ρ /m ρ [MeV] ω K 1 a M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 1 / 58

13 The baryon sector (vacuum) ρ B *, a 1, K 1,... ρ N, K, π,... P = 1-baryons: p -wave coupling to ρ: N(939), (13), N(17), (195) P = 1-baryons: s -wave coupling to ρ: N(15), (16), (17) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

14 Photoabsorption on nucleons and nuclei Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

15 In-medium spectral functions and baryon effects [RW99b] baryon effects important large contribution to broadening of the peak responsible for most of the strength at small M important even at RHIC and LHC although n net B = n B n B (µ B ) reason: C-invariance of strong interactions n B +n B relevant! Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

16 Dilepton rates: Hadron gas QGP dr ee /dm [fm 4 GeV ] free HG in med HG free QGP in med QGP T=15MeV T=18MeV in-medium hadron gas matches with QGP similar results also for γ rates quark-hadron duality? does it work with chiral model? hidden local symm.+baryons? [Harada, Yamawaki et al.] M ee [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

17 Dileptons in AA collisions Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

18 Bulk-medium evolution Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

19 Bulk evolution with transport and coarse graining established transport models for bulk evolution e.g., UrQMD, GiBUU, BAMPS, (p)hsd,... solve Boltzmann equation for hadrons and/or partons dilemma: need medium-modified dilepton/photon emission rates usually available only in equilibrium QFT calculations ways out: use (ideal) hydrodynamics local thermal equilibrium use equilibrium rates use transport-hydro hybrid model: treat early stage with transport, then coarse grain switch to hydro switch back to transport (Cooper-Frye particlization ) here: UrQMD transport for entire bulk evolution use coarse graining in space-time cells extract T, µ B, µ π,... use equilibrium rates locally Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

20 Coarse-grained UrQMD (CGUrQMD) problem with medium modifications of spectral functions/interactions only available in equilibrium many-body QFT models use in-medium cross sections naively: double counting?!? way out: map transport to local-equilibrium fluid use ensemble of UrQMD runs with an equation of state space-time grid with t =. fm/c, x =.8 fm fit temperature, chemical potentials, flow-velocity field from anisotropic energy-momentum tensor [FMRS13] T µν = (ε + P )u µ u ν P g µν (P P )V µ V ν thermal rates from partonic/hadronic QFT become applicable here: extrapolated lattice QGP and Rapp-Wambach HMBT caveat: consistency between EoS, matter content of QFT model/urqmd! Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 / 58

21 Coarse-grained UrQMD (CGUrQMD) Temperature [MeV] T c = 17 MeV; T > T c lattice EoS; T < T c HRG EoS Lattice EoS (T =17 MeV) c Hadron Gas EoS (for µ =) B Energy density ε/ε Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 1 / 58

22 Coarse-grained UrQMD (CGUrQMD) pressure anisotropy (for SPS; NA6) 158 AGeV <dn ch /dη>=1 Central cell (x=y=z=) 3 ) P P (GeV/fm Anisotropy parameter x Relaxation function r(x) Time t [fm] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 / 58

23 Coarse-grained UrQMD (CGUrQMD) /ρ B and ρ ε/ε energy/baryon density T,µ B (for SPS; NA6) central fluid cell! 158 AGeV <dn ch /dη>=1 Central cell (x=y=z=) Energy density ε/ε Baryon density ρ/ρ (a) [MeV] B T and µ Lattice EoS T µ B µ π Hadron Gas EoS In AGeV <dn ch /dη>=1 Central cell (x=y=z=) (b) Time t [fm] Time t [fm] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

24 Coarse-grained UrQMD (CGUrQMD) energy (ε) and baryon (ρ) density profiles (for NA6) ] and ρ/ρ Energy and baryon density [ε/ε 1 Transverse density profiles 158 AGeV (a) t = 1fm: ε/ε ρ/ρ t = 3fm: ε/ε x 5 ρ/ρ x 5 t = 5fm: ε/ε x 8 ρ/ρ x x-axis [fm] ] and ρ/ρ Energy and baryon density [ε/ε Longitudinal density profiles 158 AGeV (b) t = 1fm: ε/ε ρ/ρ t = 3fm: ε/ε x 5 ρ/ρ x 5 t = 5fm: ε/ε x 8 ρ/ρ x z-axis [fm] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 4 / 58

25 Dielectrons (SIS/HADES) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 5 / 58

26 CGUrQMD: Ar+KCl (1.76 AGeV) (SIS/HADES) coarse-graining method works at low energies! UrQMD-medium evolution + RW-QFT rates -1 ] dn/dm [GeV/c 1/N(π ) Ar AGeV HADES acceptance,.1 < p < 1.1 GeV/c e (a) Coarse-Graining Medium ρ Medium ω Multi π UrQMD π η φ ρ ω fo fo M [GeV/c ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 6 / 58

27 CGUrQMD: Ar+KCl (1.76 AGeV) (SIS/HADES) dielectron spectra from Ar + KCl(1.76 AGeV) e + e (SIS/HADES) m t spectra M ee <.13 GeV UrQMD (a) Ar AGeV πη /5 ] t [GeV/c dn/dm t ) 3/ )m Coarse-Graining Medium ρ Medium ω Multi π φ ρ ω fo fo <.13 GeV/c M ee 1/(N(π [GeV/c m t ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 7 / 58

28 CGUrQMD: Ar+KCl (1.76 AGeV) (SIS/HADES) dielectron spectra from Ar + KCl(1.76 AGeV) e + e (SIS/HADES) m t spectra.13 GeVM ee <.3 GeV /5 t ] [GeV/c -.13 < M ee <.3 GeV/c -3 (b) dn/dm t ) 3/ )m 1/(N(π [GeV/c m t ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 7 / 58

29 CGUrQMD: Ar+KCl (1.76 AGeV) (SIS/HADES) dielectron spectra from Ar + KCl(1.76 AGeV) e + e (SIS/HADES) m t spectra.3 GeVM ee <.45 GeV /5 ] t [GeV/c -3.3 < M ee <.45 GeV/c -4 (c) dn/dm t ) 3/ )m 1/(N(π [GeV/c m t ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 7 / 58

30 CGUrQMD: Ar+KCl (1.76 AGeV) (SIS/HADES) dielectron spectra from Ar + KCl(1.76 AGeV) e + e (SIS/HADES) m t spectra.45 GeVM ee <.65 GeV /5 ] t [GeV/c < M ee <.65 GeV/c -5 (d) dn/dm t ) 3/ )m 1/(N(π [GeV/c m t ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 7 / 58

31 CGUrQMD: Ar+KCl (1.76 AGeV) (SIS/HADES) dielectron spectra from Ar + KCl(1.76 AGeV) e + e (SIS/HADES) m t spectra M ee >.65 GeV /5 ] t [GeV/c -4 M ee >.65 GeV/c -5 (e) dn/dm t ) 3/ )m 1/(N(π [GeV/c m t ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 7 / 58

32 CGUrQMD: Ar+KCl (1.76 AGeV) (SIS/HADES) dielectron spectra from Ar + KCl(1.76 AGeV) e + e (SIS/HADES) m t spectra rapidity spectrum (M ee <.13 GeV) ) dn/dy 1/N(π (f) <.13 GeV/c M ee Radpidity y Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 7 / 58

33 CGUrQMD: Au+Au (1.3 AGeV) (SIS/HADES) -1 ] dn/dm [GeV/c (1/N(π )) Au AGeV HADES acceptance,.1 < p < 1.1 GeV/c e (b) M [GeV/c ] caveat: pp/np acceptance filter with single-e cut, p t < MeV correct filter urgently needed! excellent agreement with preliminary HADES data Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 8 / 58

34 Dimuons (SPS/NA6) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 9 / 58

35 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch AGeV <dn ch /dη>=1, p > GeV T HG-EoS + Lattice EoS In-medium ρ Non-thermal ρ QGP (Lattice) Multi π Sum (a) For comparison: Thermal ρ (no baryons) Perturb. qq µµ (dn M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

36 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) higher IMR: provides averaged true temperature T 1.5 GeV M.4 GeV = 5-3 MeV clearly above T c MeV (no blueshifts in the invariant-mass spectra!) ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch (b) µµ (dn M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

37 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) p T <. GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (a) 158 AGeV <dn ch /dη>=1 <. GeV In-medium ρ Non-thermal ρ QGP (Lattice) Multi π Sum Invariant Mass M [GeV] p T Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

38 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1). GeV < p T <.4 GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (b). < p T <.4 GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

39 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1).4 GeV < p T <.6 GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (c).4 < p T <.6 GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

40 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1).6 GeV < p T <.8 GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (d).6 < p T <.8 GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

41 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1).8 GeV < p T < 1. GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (e).8 < p T < 1. GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

42 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) 1. GeV < p T < 1. GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (f) 1. < p T < 1. GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

43 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) 1. GeV < p T < 1.4 GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (a) 1. < p T < 1.4 GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

44 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) 1.4 GeV < p T < 1.6 GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (b) 1.4 < p T < 1.6 GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

45 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) 1.6 GeV < p T < 1.8 GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (c) 1.6 < p T < 1.8 GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

46 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) 1.8 GeV < p T <. GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (d) 1.8 < p T <. GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

47 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1). GeV < p T <. GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (e). < p T <. GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

48 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1). GeV < p T <.4 GeV ] -1 /dη) [ MeV /dmdη)/(dn ch µµ (dn (f). < p T <.4 GeV Invariant Mass M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

49 t CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) ] t - /dη) [GeV dη)/(dn /dm ch (a) 158 AGeV HG-EoS + Lattice EoS <dn ch /dη>=1. < M <.4 GeV In-medium ρ Non-thermal ρ QGP (Lattice) Multi π Sum µµ )(dn (1/m m t -M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

50 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) t ] - t /dη) [GeV dη)/(dn /dm ch (b).4 < M <.6 GeV µµ )(dn (1/m m t -M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

51 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) t ] - t /dη) [GeV dη)/(dn /dm ch (c).6 < M <.9 GeV µµ )(dn (1/m m t -M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

52 CGUrQMD: In+In (158 AGeV) (SPS/NA6) dimuon spectra from In + In(158 AGeV) µ + µ (NA6) [EHWB15] min-bias data (dn ch /dy = 1) t ] - t /dη) [GeV dη)/(dn /dm ch (d) 1. < M < 1.4 GeV µµ )(dn (1/m m t -M [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

53 Dielectrons at RHIC Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 3 / 58

54 CGUrQMD: Au+Au ( s N N = GeV) (RHIC/STAR) )] [1/(GeV/c dn/dm ee 1-1 e T e p >. GeV/c η < 1, y STAR data < 1 ee s = AGeV (-% centr.) Coarse-grained Rapp in-med ρ Rapp in-med ω Multi-pion QGP (Lattice) UrQMD π η ω (fo) ρ (fo) φ [GeV/c ] M ee Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

55 CGUrQMD: Au+Au ( s N N = GeV) (RHIC/PHENIX) )] in PHENIX acc. [1/(GeV/c s = AGeV (-% centr.) e p >. GeV/c Coarse-grained UrQMD T e y < 1, Θ ee >.1 rad Rapp in-med ρ π PHENIX HBD data Rapp in-med ω η Multi-pion ω (fo) QGP (Lattice) ρ (fo) φ dn/dm ee [GeV/c ] M ee Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

56 Dielectrons at RHIC-BES/FAIR/NICA Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

57 CGUrQMD: Au+Au (E lab = -35 AGeV) NB: also photon spectra [EHB16b] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

58 Signatures of the QCD-phase structure? Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

59 QCD phase structure from em. probes? hadronic observables like p T spectra: snapshot of the stage after kinetic freezeout particle abundancies: chemical freezeout em. probes: emitted during the whole medium evolution life time of the medium four-volume of the fireball use CGUrQMD to study system-size dependence study AA collisions for different A [EHWB15] excitation functions : systematics of l + l (and γ) emission vs. beam energy [EHB16b, RH16] similar study in [GHR + 16] caveat: phase transition not really implemented!!! Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

60 / Four Volume central collisions from C+C to Au+Au at E kin = 1.76 AGeV V (4) AA /A V (4) CC /1 of cells larger than various T C 1 C 1 V 4 AA V 4 1 A T > 5 MeV T > 6 MeV T > 7 MeV T > 8 MeV T > 9 MeV (a) Mass number A how to explain scaling behavior? Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

61 Lifetime of the central cell central collisions from C+C to Au+Au at E kin = 1.76 AGeV Time t [fm] 3 5 t t 1/3 A T > 5 MeV in central cell (x=y=z=) (b) 15 5 t A 1/ Mass number A A V (3) of nuclei A 1/3 d nucl fireball lifetime time of nuclei to traverse each other Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 4 / 58

62 / Lifetime of the central cell central collisions from C+C to Au+Au at E kin = 1.76 AGeV yield AA /A yield CC /1 C 1 C 1 Yield 1 AA Yield A π Thermal e + Non-thermal e - e (. GeV < M <.4 GeV) + - e (. GeV < M <.4 GeV) (a) Mass number A yield had A V (3) fo yield non-thermal ee A V (3) fo hadronic decays after kinetic freeze-out Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

63 Scaling behavior of thermal-dilepton yield central collisions from C+C to Au+Au at E kin = 1.76 AGeV 1 1 C C /Ratio AA Ratio thermal e e Yield. < M <.4 GeV 4/3 A + - thermal e e Yield. < M <.4 GeV thermal V thermal e e Yield. < M <.4 GeV thermal A t + - thermal e e Yield. < M <.4 GeV 4/3 N π (b) Mass number A thermal-dilepton yield roughly V (4) therm A4/3 At therm N 4/3 π at low(est) beam energies: lifetime of medium ˆ= time nuclei pass through each other Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 4 / 58

64 Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan T and µ B vs. t [EHB16b, EHB16a] )] dn/dm [1/(GeV/c s NN = 19.6 GeV (Min. Bias) e η < 1, y < 1 ee e p >. GeV/c T STAR data Coarse-graining Thermal ρ Thermal ω Multi-pion QGP (a) UrQMD π η ω (fo) ρ (fo) φ )] dn/dm [1/(GeV/c s NN = GeV (Min. Bias) e η < 1, y < 1 ee e p >. GeV/c 1 T STAR data -1 - (b) M ee [GeV/c ] M ee [GeV/c ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

65 Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan thermal four-volume (fm 4 ) [EHB16b, EHB16a] [GeV] Baryochemical Potential µ B Thermal 4-Volume [fm ] (a).1 Au+Au (-% central) E = 4 AGeV lab Temperature T [GeV] [GeV] Baryochemical Potential µ B Temperature T [GeV] (b) 35 AGeV Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

66 Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan T and µ B vs. t [EHB16b, EHB16a] Temperature T [GeV] (a) Au+Au (-% central) central cell x=y=z= AGeV 6 AGeV AGeV 15 AGeV 5 AGeV 35 AGeV Time t [fm/c] [GeV] Baryon chemical potential µ B 1 (b) Time t [fm/c] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

67 Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan µ π/k -temperature relation [EHB16b, EHB16a] > [GeV] < µ π/k Au+Au (-% centr.) 4 AGeV 15 AGeV 35 AGeV <µ π > <µ K > Temperature T [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

68 Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan mass-temperature relation in dilepton emission [EHB16b, EHB16a] ] -1 dn e + e -/dt [GeV AGeV (-% centr.) M <. GeV/c. < M <.6 GeV/c.6 < M <.9 GeV/c M > 1.1 GeV/c Temperature T [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

69 / / - Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan excitation function e + e /γ yield and QGP fraction [EHB16b, EHB16a] E lab N =AGeV γ/e + e - thermal γ/e + e - N 3 Thermal Dilepton Yield M ee <.3 GeV/c.3 < M ee <.6 GeV/c M ee > 1. GeV/c Thermal Photon Yield.5 < p < 1. GeV/c t p > 1. GeV/c t thermal N γ/e + e QGP - N γ/e + e Fraction of QGP emission µ π =µ K = (b).3. µ π =µ K = (a) E lab [GeV] E lab [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

70 Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan thermal-fireball model [RH16, EHB16a] invariant-mass slope in IMR true temperature! no blue shift from radial flow as in p T /m T spectra 4 35 Central AA Collisions T (MeV) T s (M= GeV) T i T pc s 1/ (GeV) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

71 Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan excitation function e + e /γ yield and QGP fraction [EHB16b, EHB16a] [MeV] Slope Parameter T 5 45 eff Thermal UrQMD y < 1 ee Au+Au (MB) Pb+Pb (-%) 19.6 GeV GeV.76 TeV (b) [GeV/c ] M ee Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 5 / 58

72 Dilepton systematics in the beam-energy scan thermal-fireball model [RH16] beam-energy scan at RHIC and lower energies at future FAIR and NICA accelerators dilepton yield as fireball-lifetime clock 5 hadronic QGP sum sum (acc) 3.75 τ fb.3gev < M <.7GeV 15 N l + l /Nch τfb(fm/c) snn (GeV) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

73 Bibliography I [BKU + 85] [EHB16a] [EHB16b] M. Bando, T. Kugo, S. Uehara, K. Yamawaki, T. Yanagida, Is the ρ Meson a Dynamical Gauge Boson of Hidden Local Symmetry?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) S. Endres, H. van Hees, M. Bleicher, Energy, centrality and momentum dependence of dielectron production at collider energies in a coarse-grained transport approach, Phys. Rev. C 94 (16) S. Endres, H. van Hees, M. Bleicher, Photon and dilepton production at the Facility for Proton and Anti-Proton Research and beam-energy scan at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider using coarse-grained microscopic transport simulations, Phys. Rev. C 93 (16) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, 17 5 / 58

74 Bibliography II [EHWB15] S. Endres, H. van Hees, J. Weil, M. Bleicher, Dilepton production and reaction dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies from coarse-grained transport simulations, Phys. Rev. C 9 (15) [FMRS13] [GHR + 16] [HY3] W. Florkowski, M. Martinez, R. Ryblewski, M. Strickland, Anisotropic hydrodynamics, Nucl. Phys. A (13) 83c. T. Galatyuk, P. M. Hohler, R. Rapp, F. Seck, J. Stroth, Thermal Dileptons from Coarse-Grained Transport as Fireball Probes at SIS Energies, Eur. Phys. J. A 5 (16) M. Harada, K. Yamawaki, Hidden local symmetry at loop: A new perspective of composite gauge boson and chiral phase transition, Phys. Rept. 381 (3) 1. Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

75 Bibliography III [LSY95] [Mei88] [Pis95] S. H. Lee, C. Song, H. Yabu, Photon - vector meson coupling and vector meson properties at low temperature pion gas, Phys. Lett. B 341 (1995) _origin=spires&_method=citationsearch&_volkey= 37693%3341%347&_version=1&md5= 553a5e85bfde c49ba U. G. Meissner, Low-Energy Hadron Physics from Effective Chiral Lagrangians with Vector Mesons, Phys. Rept. 161 (1988) R. D. Pisarski, Where does the ρ go? Chirally symmetric vector mesons in the quark - gluon plasma, Phys. Rev. D 5 (1995) [Rap3] R. Rapp, Dileptons in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, Pramana 6 (3) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

76 Bibliography IV [Rap5] R. Rapp, The vector probe in heavy-ion reactions, J. Phys. G 31 (5) S17. [RG99] R. Rapp, C. Gale, ρ properties in a hot meson gas, Phys. Rev. C 6 (1999) [RH16] [RW99a] [RW99b] R. Rapp, H. van Hees, Thermal Dileptons as Fireball Thermometer and Chronometer, Phys. Lett. B 753 (16) R. Rapp, J. Wambach, Low mass dileptons at the CERN-SPS: Evidence for chiral restoration?, Eur. Phys. J. A 6 (1999) R. Rapp, J. Wambach, Low mass dileptons at the CERN SPS: Evidence for chiral restoration?, Eur. Phys. J. A 6 (1999) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

77 Bibliography V [RW] [UBW] R. Rapp, J. Wambach, Chiral symmetry restoration and dileptons in relativistic heavy ion collisions, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 5 () 1. M. Urban, M. Buballa, J. Wambach, Temperature dependence of ρ and a 1 meson masses and mixing of vector and axial-vector correlators, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 () 4. Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

78 Quiz Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58

79 Quiz 1 Why do we need effective hadronic models to theoretically study electromagnetic probes in HICs? How do we constrain effective hadronic models theoretically? 3 How do we determine all the parameters (couplings, masses, form factors) of the models? 4 What is left to be predicted from such models? 5 What are the most important processes leading to medium modifications of the vector mesons spectral functions? 6 What are the different dilepton sources that are important in UHICs? 7 What fundamental properties about the hot and dense medium produced in HICs have we inferred from l + l data so far? Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Hadrons in hot and dense matter IV July 17-1, / 58