ANSWERS: UNIT 3 EQUILIBRIUM I
|
|
- David Price
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ANSWERS: UNIT 3 EQUILIBRIUM I 1. a) [NaOH] = 4.00 g/40 g/mol / 0.10 L ii) [CaCl 2 ] = 16.0 g/111 g/mol / L = 1.00 M = M iii) [KOH] = 14.0 g/56 g/mol / L iv) [H 2 C 2 O 4 ] = 6.75 g/90 g/mol / L = 3.33 M = M 1. b) [ stock ] x # L (stock) = [ diluted ] x # L (diluted) dilution equation 0.56 M x 25 ml = [ diluted ] x 125 ml [ diluted ] = 0.11 M H 2 SO 4 1. c) [ stock ] x # L (stock) = [ diluted ] x # L (diluted) dilution equation 18.0 M x 25 ml = 1.50 M x # L (diluted) # L (diluted) = 300 ml 1. d) [ stock ] x # L (stock) = [ diluted ] x # L (diluted) dilution equation 1.50 M x 120 ml = 1.00 M x # L (diluted) # L (diluted) = 180mL so add 60 ml of water to make the dilution 2. [ mixture ] = total # moles / total # litres 0.5 M = (0.1 M * 1.0 L ) + ( 12 M * x L ) / (1.0 L + x L) 0.5 M = x / / (1.0 L + x L) x = x 11.5 x = 0.4 x = L or 34.8 ml 3. [ NaCl ] = [Na + ] = total # moles / total # litres [ KCl ] = [K + ] = total # moles / total # litres = (0.5 M * L ) / (0.075L) = (0.5 M * L)/ (0.075L) = 0.1 M = 0.4 M [Cl - ] = M = 0.5 M 4. Practice questions on working out equilibrium concentrations a) A + B AB b) A + B AB c) A 2 + B 2 2 AB d) A 2 + B 2 2AB [in] [in] [in] [in] [Eq] [Eq] [Eq] [Eq] e) A 2 + B 2 2 AB f) A 2 + B 2 2 AB g) 2A + B A 2 B h) 2A + B A 2 B [in] [in] [in] [in] [Eq] [Eq] [Eq] [Eq]
2 i) 2A + B 2 2 AB j) 2A + B 2 2 AB k) 2AB 3 A 2 + 3B 2 l) 2AB 3 A 2 + 3B 2 [in] [in] [in] [in] [Eq] [Eq] [Eq] [Eq] m) 2AB 3 A 2 + 3B 2 n) 2AB 3 A 2 + 3B 2 o) 2AB 3 A 2 + 3B 2 p) 2AB 3 A 2 + 3B 2 [in] [in] [in] [in] [Eq] [Eq] [Eq] [Eq] *LeChatelier's Principle. (14.8 pg ) 5a) Note that when 1 mole of reactant is consumed 2 moles of product are produced so products are forming at a rate 2x faster than reactants are disappearing. Both a & c are rejected because they are producing too much product. Rx e is rejected as it has the [reactants] = 0 ie not at equilibrium and rx b is an oscillatory rx not equilibrium. So the correct graph is d!! 5b) a) Adding any reactant shifts an equilibrium towards the products. (RIGHT) b) Adding any product shifts an equilibrium towards the reactants (LEFT ) c) Removing any product shifts an eq'm towards the products (RIGHT) d) A decrease in vol is the same as an increase in pressure so the eq'm will shift towards the side with the fewest moles of gaseous molecules - (LEFT) e) An increase in Temp pushes the eq'm towards the endothermic rx- (RIGHT) 5c) a) Adding a reactant pushes the equil towards products - [ CH 3 OH ] goes UP. b) Removing a reactant pushes the eq'm towards reactants - [CH 3 OH] goes DOWN c) Decreasing vol increases press so equil shifts right - [ CH 3 OH ] goes UP. d) Adding a catalyst has no effectcatalysts only decrease the time req'd to reach equil. e) Increasing Temp favours the endo thermic rx LEFT - [ CH 3 OH ] goes DOWN. 5d) a) Adding any reactant shifts an equilibrium towards the products. (RIGHT ) b) Removing any reactant shifts an equilibrium towards the reactants (LEFT ). c) Adding any product shifts an equilibrium towards the reactants (LEFT ) d) An increase in Temp pushes the eq'm towards the endothermic rx- (RIGHT) e) Adding an inert gas or non-reactant has no effect- * the volume of the can t change when this occurs f) A decrease in vol is the same as an increase in pressure so the eq'm will shift towards the side with the fewest moles of gaseous molecules - (LEFT)
3 5e) a) Removing reactants pushes equil towards the left - [ Cl 2 ] goes UP b) Adding any product pushes equil towards the left - [Cl 2 ] goes UP c) Raising temp favours the endothermic rx LEFT - [Cl 2 ] goes UP d) Decreasing vol = increasing press so eq'm moves RIGHT - [ Cl 2 ] goes DOWN 5f a) Adding any solid has no effect (has no effect ) b) Removing any solid has no effect ( has no effect ). c) Adding any product shifts an equilibrium towards the reactants (LEFT ) d) Increasing vol = decreasing press so eq'm moves to most gaseous moles (RIGHT) 6. SO 3 is a product & reaction is exothermic so a) Keep temperature down b) pressure high c) remove product as it forms and d) keep the concentration of reactants high. 7. H 2 O (l) H 2 O (g) ** note gas on right side and rx is endothermic Increasing the temp pushes equil towards the endothermic rx - RIGHT. But an increase in pressure pushes the equil LEFT away from the gas. So as water begins to boil the pressure goes up ( if in an enclosed area ) which causes it to stop boiling until a higher temp is reached which again causes the pressure to go up and stop boiling etc etc etc. ( a vicious circle ) This is the principle by which a pressure cooker works. Most food contains water and is thus limited by a max boiling pt of 100 C In a pressure cooker tho this temp can reach several hundred degrees so the food cooks much quicker. 8. 1) MnCl 2 (s) Mn 2+ + Cl - **** LEFT side favoured ( not soluble) 2) NaCl Na + + Cl - *** RIGHT SIDE favoured (dissolves well) Notice the common ion Cl - - Equil 1feels all this Cl - coming fron NaCl and shifts left to eliminate this stress and so would be much less soluble in NaCl sol'n 9a) The increasing tendency to go to completion a < c < b (smallest Kc largest Kc) b) K c = [ POCl 3 ] 2 ii) K c = [ SO 2 ] 2 [ O 2 ] iii) K c = [ NO] 2 [ H 2 O] 2 iv) K c = [ NO 2 ] 2 [H 2 O ] 8 [PCl 3 ] 2 [ O 2 ] [ SO 2 ] 2 [ N 2 H 4 ] [ O 2 ] 2 [ N 2 H 4 ] [ H 2 O c) i) K c = [CO] 2 ii) K c = [SO 2 ] [ H 2 O] iii) K c = [CO 2 ] [CH 4 ] iv) K c = [CO 2 ] [H 2 O] v) K c = [H 2 O] 5 [O 2 ] [ H 2 O] 2 [HF] 2
4 9d) The second equation is the reverse of the first! So the value of the new Kc will be the inverse of the first. K c = 1 x e) If you reverse the 2 nd equation ( take the inverse of the K c ) and double it (square the K c value) then add the 1 st and 2 nd reactions together you can obtain the desired reaction equation. Hence the K c for the 3 rd reaction will be the product of the 2 reaction K c values used to get it 2 CH 4 C 2 H 6 + H 2 K c = 9.5 x CH 3 OH + 2 H 2 2 CH H 2 O K c = 1.3 x CH 3 OH + H 2 C 2 H H 2 O K c = 1.2 x f) K c = [ HCl ] 2 ii) K c = [ HCl ] 2 K c for the 2 nd rx will be the square root of the 1 st [H 2 ] [ Cl 2 ] [H 2 ] ½ [ Cl 2 ] ½ 9g) K c = [H 2 ] [ Cl 2 ] This K c will be the inverse of the 1 st [ HCl ] a) K c = [ N 2 O ] [ H 2 O ] 2 b) if [ H 2 O ] is 3 X the [ N 2 O ] would be 1/9th ( since K = constant ) c) if [ N 2 O ] is 1/16 X the [ H 2 O ] would be 4 X 11a) K c = [ CH 3 OH ] [ H 2 ] 2 [ CO ] = ( )/ ( ) 2 ( ) = 3.97 x b) K c = [ C 2 H 5 OH ] [ C 2 H 4 ] [H 2 O] = ( 0.180)/ ( ) ( ) = c) K c = [ PCl 5 ] = 0.18 [ PCl 3 ] [Cl 2 ] = ( 0.005)/ ( ) ( ) = 4.96 * this does equal the Kc value so NOT at equilibrium Since the value is larger than the K c value the eq m must shift LEFT 11d) K c = [NO][ SO 3 ] = 85.0 [ SO 2 ] [NO 2 ] = ( )( / ( ) ( ) = 114 * this does equal the Kc value so NOT at equilibrium Since the value is larger than the K c value the eq m must shift LEFT
5 11e) K c = [ NH 3 ] 2 [ N 2 ] [ H 2 ] 3 **solving for [ H 2 ] 64 = ( 0.360) 2 / ( ) [ H 2 ] 3 [ H 2 ] 3 = [ H 2 ] = M 12. PCl 5 + H 2 2 HCl + PCl 3 K c = ( 3 mol/l 2 *1 mol/l) / 1 mol/l *1 mol/l = 9 b) for the reverse rx Ke = inverse of Ke (forward rx) = 1/9 13. A + 2 B 2 C [In] 3/3 5/3 0 ****** rem [ ] = mol /L [Eq] 1/3 1/3 4/3 K c = ( 4/3 ) 2 / ( 1/3 * (1/3 ) 2 ) = 48 14a) 2 HBr H 2 + Br 2 K c = [ H 2 ] [ Br 2 ] [In] [ HBr] 2-2x +x +x= [Eq] K c = * /( 0.309) 2 = b) CH 2 O H 2 + CO [In] x= [Eq] K c = 0.034*0.034 / = 1.8 x c). NO 2 + NO N 2 O + O 2 K c = (0.122) (0.315) [In] (0.118) ( 0.356) +x= = [Eq] d). 2 N 2 O + 3 O 2 4 NO 2 K c = (0.02) 4 [In] (0.010) 2 ( 0.041) 3-2x -3x +4x (x=0.005) = 23 [Eq]
6 15. Pb 2+ + Sn (s) Sn 2+ + Pb (s) Ke = 1.2 = [Sn 2+ ] / [ Pb 2+ ] [In] 0.5 constant 0 constant 1.2 = x / ( x ) -x +x x = x [Eq] x x 2.2 x = 0.6 So the equil'm [ Pb 2+ ] = M & [ Sn 2+ ] = M x = M 16a) 2 BrCl Br 2 + Cl 2 K c = [ Cl 2 ] [ Br 2 ] [In] [ BrCl] 2-2x +x +x [Eq] x x x = x * x /( x) 2 So the equil'm [ Cl 2 ] = [Br 2 ] = M = x / ( x) x = b) SO 3 + NO NO 2 + SO 2 K c = [ NO 2 ] [ SO 2 ] [In] [ SO 3 ] [NO] -x -x +x +x [Eq] x x x x = x * x /( x) 2 So the equil'm [ NO 2 ] = [SO 2 ] = M [ NO] = [SO 3 ] = M = x / ( x) x = c) CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2 K c = [ CO 2 ] [ H 2 ] [In] (Q= 1.0) [ CO] [H 2 O] +x +x -x -x [Eq] x x x x = (0.010-x) 2 /( x) 2 So the equil'm [ CO] = [H 2 O] = M [ CO 2 ] = [H 2 ] = 7.77 x10-3 M 0.632= (0.010-x) / ( x) x = 2.25 x 10-3
7 17. CO 2 + H 2 CO + H 2 O Kc = 0.02 = [CO][H 2 O] / [ CO 2 ][H 2 ] [In] = x 2 /(0.5 - x)(0.25-x) -x -x +x +x 0.02 = x 2 /( x + x 2 ) [Eq] x x x x x 2 = x x x x = 0 x = M So the equil'm [ CO 2 ] = 0.21 M & [ H 2 ] = 0.46 M & [ CO] = [H 2 O] = M graph [ ] 18a) SO 2 + NO 2 NO + SO 3 [In] (Q= 1.6) -x -x +x +x [Eq] x x x x So the equil'm [ SO 2 ] = M [ NO 2 ]= M [ NO] = M [SO 3 ] = M time Kc = 85 = [NO][SO 3 ] / [ SO 2 ][NO 2 ] 85 = (0.008+x)(0.012+x)/ (0.01-x) x) 85x x = x x + 9.6x x x = 0 x = M 18b) 2 BrCl Br 2 + Cl 2 K c = [ Cl 2 ] [ Br 2 ] [In] (Q= 0.375) [ BrCl] 2 +2x -x -x [Eq] x 0.03-x 0.02-x = (0.02-x) *( 0.03-x) /( x) x x = 0 x = So the equil'm [ Cl 2 ] = M, [Br 2 ] = M & [ BrCl] = M
8 19. SO 3 + NO NO 2 + SO 2 [Eq# 1] x -x +x +x [Eq# 2] X X X X Ke = 0.8 * * 0.4 = = (0.8 + X ) ( X ) ( X ) ( X ) 0.5 = ( X + X 2 ) ( X + X 2 ) X X 2 = X + X X X = 0 *** use the quadratic to solve for X X = 0.06 M or So the eq'm [ SO 3 ] = 0.94 M, [ NO ] = 0.34 M, [NO 2 ] = 0.86 M [ SO 2 ]= 0.18 M graph [ ] time
9 20 a). C + 2 H 2 CH 4 G = kj K p = e - G/ RT = e J/ *8.314*298 = e 20.5 = 8.0 x 10 8 ** Ke is large (rx goes to completion) so this method is worthwhile 20 b) ATP + H 2 O ADP + free phosphate G = - 33 kj at 37 C Ke = e - G/ RT = e J/ 8.314*310 = e 13 = 3.6 x c) CO + 2 H 2 CH 3 OH K p = 6.25 x 10 3 at 500 K G = - RT( ln K p ) = * 500 * ln 6.25 x 10 3 = * 500 * ( ) = 2.11 x 10 4 J = kj 20 d) CO + H 2 O HCHO 2 G = C K p = e - G/ RT K c = [ HCHO 2 ] = e J/ *8.314*673 [ CO] [ H 2 O] = e = 6.40 x 10-7 ** = ( 3.8x10-3 mol * R * 673 K) / 2.50 L ((0.04 * R * 673)/2.5 L) * ((0.022*R*673)/2.5 L) = 1.92x10-3 since K c > K p this rx is not at equilibrium at this temperature and must move to the left in order to reach equilibrium
10 21 2 NO + 2CO N 2 + CO 500 C H = ( 2(-394 )kj ) - ( 2(-110) + 2 ( 90.4) ) G = ( ) ( ) kj = = = kj = kj S = ( 2(213.6 ) ) - ( 2(197.9) + 2 ( 210.6) ) - G/ RT Ke = e = = e J/ 8.314*773 = J = e = 1.74 x CO + ½ O 2 CO 2 H = kj S = ( ) = J G = (573 * ) = kj - G/ RT Ke = e = e J/8.314*573 = e = 2.27 x b) T = H/ S = K = C ( Ke = 1 at this temp ) c) Rx should be spontaneous at all temp below C (it is spont at 300 C)
UNIT 3: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM (TEXT: Chap 14-pg 627 & Chap 18 pg )
UNIT 3: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM (TEXT: Chap 14-pg 627 & Chap 18 pg 818-829) *Remedial questions on Concentration of Solutions (3.10 pg 130-135) 3:1. ATTEMPT QUESTIONS a) 3.109 b) 3.113 c) 3.115 d) 3.118 on
More informationCH1810-Lecture #8 Chemical Equilibrium: LeChatlier s Principle and Calculations with K eq
CH1810-Lecture #8 Chemical Equilibrium: LeChatlier s Principle and Calculations with K eq LeChatlier s Principle A system at equilibrium responds to a stress in such a way that it relieves that stress.
More informationEntropy and Enthalpy Guided Notes. a) Entropy. b) Enthalpy. c ) Spontaneous. d) Non-spontaneous
Entropy and Enthalpy Guided Notes 1) Define a) Entropy b) Enthalpy c ) Spontaneous d) Non-spontaneous 2) There is a natural tendency for reaction to move to the side with enthalpy Minimum enthalpy is the
More informationChemistry 12 Unit 2: Dynamic Equilibrium. KEY Unit 2 Problem Set A KEY
Chemistry 12 Unit 2: Dynamic Equilibrium KEY Unit 2 Problem Set A KEY 1. Water is boiling in a kettle at 100 C. Is the system at equilibrium? Explain. No. The system is not closed. 2. Ice and water are
More informationEquilibrium Multiple Choice
Equilibrium Multiple Choice January 1999 7. Consider the following graph: When equilibrium is reached, the rate of the forward reaction is A. 0.00 mol/min B. 0.25mol/min C. 1.0 mol/min D. 3.0 mol/min 8.
More informationChemical Equilibrium. Professor Bice Martincigh. Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium by Professor Bice Martincigh Equilibrium involves reversible reactions Some reactions appear to go only in one direction are said to go to completion. indicated by All reactions are
More informationHonors Chemistry Unit 4 Exam Study Guide Solutions, Equilibrium & Reaction Rates
Honors Chemistry Unit 4 Exam Study Guide Solutions, Equilibrium & Reaction Rates Define the following vocabulary terms. Solute Solvent Solution Molarity Molality Colligative property Electrolyte Non-electrolyte
More informationCalculations Involving the Equilibrium Constant K eq )
Calculations Involving the Equilibrium Constant K eq ) 1. Given the equilibrium equation below: A 2(g) + B 2(g) 2AB (g) If, at equilibrium, the concentrations are as follows: [A 2 ] = 3.45 M, [B 2 ] =
More informationDYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM STUDY GUIDE multiple choice
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM STUDY GUIDE multiple choice Multiple Choice Section: This study guide is a compilation of questions from provincial exams since April 1994. I urge you to become intimately familiar
More informationWorksheet 21 - Le Chatelier's Principle
Worksheet 21 - Le Chatelier's Principle Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will adjust, to partially offset the stress and will reach a new
More informationUNIT II - REVIEW EQUILIBRIA. Part I - Multiple Choice. 1. In which of the following does the entropy decrease?
CHEMISTRY 12 UNIT II - REVIEW EQUILIBRIA Part I - Multiple Choice 1. In which of the following does the entropy decrease? A. NaCl (s) Na + (aq) + Cl (aq) B. 4 NO (g) + 6 H 2 O (g) 4 NH 3 (g) + 5 O 2 (g)
More information*VI-1 C NC I-3 C NC V-2 C NC **VI-2 C NC I-4 C NC V-3 C NC IX-1 C NC II-2 C NC VII-1 C NC IX-2 C NC V-1 C NC VII-2 C NC
*VI-1 C NC I-3 C NC V-2 C NC **VI-2 C NC I-4 C NC V-3 C NC IX-1 C NC II-2 C NC VII-1 C NC IX-2 C NC V-1 C NC VII-2 C NC Chemistry 131 Quiz 7 Summer 2011 Form B NAME: Key Chapter 16. Reaction Rates and
More informationEQUILIBRIA. e Q = a D B
I. Basis of Equilibrium. A. Q and equilibrium. EQUILIBRIA 1. Consider the general reaction bb + cc dd + ee a. Αs time elapses, [B] and [C] decrease causing the rate of the forward reaction to decrease.
More informationwhich has an equilibrium constant of Which of the following diagrams represents a mixture of the reaction at equilibrium?
Chapter 9 Quiz: Chemical Equilibria 1. Which of the following statements is true regarding chemical equilibrium? I. The concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium are constant, which means
More informationc) Explain the observations in terms of the DYNAMIC NATURE of the equilibrium system.
Chemical Equilibrium - Part A: 1. At 25 o C and 101.3 kpa one mole of hydrogen gas and one mol of chlorine gas are reacted in a stoppered reaction vessel. After a certain time, three gases are detected
More informationChemical Equilibrium. Chapter
Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 14 14.1-14.5 Equilibrium Equilibrium is a state in which there are no observable changes as time goes by. Chemical equilibrium is achieved when: 1.) the rates of the forward
More informationa) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K eq
Chemistry 12 K eq Calculations Worksheet Name: Date: Block: 1. Given the equilibrium equation below: A 2(g) + B 2(g) 2AB (g) If, at equilibrium, the concentrations are as follows: [A 2] = 3.45 M, [B 2]
More informationChemical Equilibrium. A state of no net change in reactant & product concentrations. There is a lot of activity at the molecular level.
Chemical Equilibrium A state of no net change in reactant & product concentrations. BUT There is a lot of activity at the molecular level. 1 Kinetics Equilibrium For an elementary step in the mechanism:
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Many reactions are reversible, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B The point reached in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction (product
More informationChapter 13: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 13: Chemical Equilibrium 13.1 The Equilibrium Condition Equilibrium: a state in which no observable changes occur H 2 O (l) H 2 O (g) Physical equilibrium: no chemical change. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g)
More information*VI-1 C NC II-2 C NC V-2 C NC **VI-2 C NC II-3 C NC V-3 C NC IX-1 C NC IV-1 C NC VII-1 C NC IX-2 C NC IV-2 C NC VII-2 C NC V-1 C NC VIII-1 C NC
*VI-1 C NC II-2 C NC V-2 C NC **VI-2 C NC II-3 C NC V-3 C NC IX-1 C NC IV-1 C NC VII-1 C NC IX-2 C NC IV-2 C NC VII-2 C NC V-1 C NC VIII-1 C NC Chemistry 131 Quiz 7 Summer 2011 Form A NAME: Key Chapter
More informationEnergy Diagram Endothermic Reaction Draw the energy diagram for exothermic and endothermic reactions. Label each part.
CP Chapter 18 Notes A Model for Reaction Rates Expressing Reaction Rates Average Rate = Δquantity Δtime The amount of increase or decrease depends on their mole ratios Units = or mol/ls Expressing Reaction
More informationCHEMpossible. Final Exam Review
CHEMpossible Final Exam Review 1. Given the following pair of reactions and their equilibrium constants: 2NO 2 (g) 2NO (g) + O 2 (g) K c = 15.5 2NO (g) + Cl 2 (g) 2 NOCl (g) K c = 3.20 10-3 Calculate a
More informationREACTION EQUILIBRIUM
REACTION EQUILIBRIUM A. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS 1. In most spontaneous reactions the formation of products is greatly favoured over the reactants and the reaction proceeds to completion (one direction). In
More informationEquilibrium and Reaction Rate
Equilibrium and Reaction Rate Multiple Choice Questions - Answers 1. Activation energy could be considered as the minimum energy required to do which of these? A. change the orientation of the reactant
More informationChapter 14: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 14: Chemical Equilibrium Chemical Equilibrium What does is mean to describe a chemical reaction as being in a state of dynamic equilibrium? What are the characteristics and requirements of dynamic
More informationGeneral Chemistry II CHM 1046 E Exam 2
General Chemistry II CHM 1046 E Exam 2 Dr. Shanbhag Name: 1. The formation of ammonia from elemental nitrogen and hydrogen is an exothermic process. N 2 (g) + 3 H 2 (g) 2 NH 3 (g) H= -92.2 kj Which of
More informationThe Equilibrium State. Chapter 13 - Chemical Equilibrium. The Equilibrium State. Equilibrium is Dynamic! 5/29/2012
Chapter 13 - Chemical Equilibrium The Equilibrium State Not all chemical reactions go to completion; instead they attain a state of equilibrium. When you hear equilibrium, what do you think of? Example:
More informationThe Factors that Determine the Equilibrium State
The Factors that Determine the Equilibrium State The equilibrium state (or the ratio of products to reactants) is determined by two factors: 1. Energy Systems tend to move toward a state of minimum potential
More informationconcentrations (molarity) rate constant, (k), depends on size, speed, kind of molecule, temperature, etc.
#73 Notes Unit 9: Kinetics and Equilibrium Ch. Kinetics and Equilibriums I. Reaction Rates NO 2(g) + CO (g) NO (g) + CO 2(g) Rate is defined in terms of the rate of disappearance of one of the reactants,
More informationChapter 15 Chemical Equilibrium
Equilibrium To be in equilibrium is to be in a state of balance: Chapter 15 Chemical Equilibrium - Static Equilibrium (nothing happens; e.g. a tug of war). - Dynamic Equilibrium (lots of things happen,
More information1. The Haber- Bosch Process 2. K eq
Chemistry 12 Equilibrium III Name: Date: Block: 1. The Haber- Bosch Process 2. K eq The Haber- Bosch Process Almost all of the world s ammonia is produced via the Haber- Bosch process and almost all of
More information3 A (aq) + 2 D (aq) 4 C (g) + B (s) + 2 E (l)
AP Chemistry Test (Chapter 13) Multiple Choice (20%) 1) Which one best describes the K C for this reaction? 3 A (aq) + 2 D (aq) 4 C (g) + B (s) + 2 E (l) A) K c = [A] 3 [D] 2 B) K c = [C] 4 [B][E] 2 [C]
More informationChapter 18. Reversible Reactions. A chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactants is called a reversible reaction.
Section 1 The Nature of Chemical Equilibrium Reversible Reactions A chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactants is called a reversible reaction. Section 1 The Nature of Chemical
More information2nd- Here's another example of a reversible reaction - dissolving salt in a beaker of water, described by the following reaction: NaCl (s)
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AP Chemistry (Notes) Most chemical processes are reversible. Reactants react to form products, but those products can also react to form reactants. Examples of reversible reactions:
More information1301 Dynamic Equilibrium, Keq,
1301 Dynamic Equilibrium, Keq, and the Mass Action Expression The Equilibrium Process Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 111 Miramar College 1 Equilibrium Concept of Equilibrium & Mass Action Expression Extent
More informationChemical Equilibrium - Chapter 15
Chemical Equilibrium - Chapter 15 1. Dynamic Equilibrium a A + b B c C + d D At Equilibrium: Reaction is proceeding in both directions at the same rate. There is no net change in concentrations of reactants
More information15.1 The Concept of Equilibrium
Lecture Presentation Chapter 15 Chemical Yonsei University 15.1 The Concept of N 2 O 4 (g) 2NO 2 (g) 2 Chemical equilibrium occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at the same rate. The
More informationWrite equilibrium law expressions from balanced chemical equations for heterogeneous and homogeneous systems. Include: mass action expression.
Equilibrium 1 UNIT 3: EQUILIBRIUM OUTCOMES All important vocabulary is in Italics and bold. Relate the concept of equilibrium to physical and chemical systems. Include: conditions necessary to achieve
More informationChp 13, 14, 15 SHOW ALL WORK AND CIRCLE FINAL ANSWERS. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 2 only e) 1, 2, and H 2
Chp 13, 14, 15 Name: SHOW ALL WORK AND CIRCLE FINAL ANSWERS 1. Which of the following factors affect the initial rate of a reaction? 1) The nature of the reactants. 2) The concentration of the reactants.
More informationEquilibrium Written Response
Equilibrium Written Response January 1998 2. Consider the following equilibrium: CS2 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) CCl4 (g) + S2Cl2 (g) ΔH = -238 kj a) Sketch a potential energy diagram for the reaction above and label
More informationSect 7.1 Chemical Systems in Balance HMWK: Read pages
SCH 4UI Unit 4 Chemical Systems and Equilibrium Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium Sect 7.1 Chemical Systems in Balance HMWK: Read pages 420-424 *Some reactions are reversible, ie not all reactions are as
More informationEquilibrium. What is equilibrium? Hebden Unit 2 (page 37 69) Dynamic Equilibrium
Equilibrium What is equilibrium? Hebden Unit (page 37 69) Dynamic Equilibrium Hebden Unit (page 37 69) Experiments show that most reactions, when carried out in a closed system, do NOT undergo complete
More informationChemistry 12 JANUARY Course Code = CH. Student Instructions
MINISTRY USE ONLY MINISTRY USE ONLY Place Personal Education Number (PEN) here. Place Personal Education Number (PEN) here. MINISTRY USE ONLY Chemistry 12 2002 Ministry of Education JANUARY 2002 Course
More information1 A. That the reaction is endothermic when proceeding in the left to right direction as written.
1 Q. If Δ r H is positive, what can you say about the reaction? 1 A. That the reaction is endothermic when proceeding in the left to right direction as written. 2 Q If Δ r H is negative, what can you say
More informationEnthalpy and Entropy
Tutorial 2 - Solutions Enthalpy and Entropy Answers to questions 1-8 on page 6 & 7 of Tutorial 2: 1. Tell whether each of the following is endothermic or exothermic and state which has minimum enthalpy,
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium What is equilibrium? Expressions for equilibrium constants, K eq ; Calculating K eq using equilibrium concentrations; Factors that affect equilibrium; Le Chatelier s Principle What
More informationUnit 2 Pre-Test Reaction Equilibrium
Unit 2 Pre-Test Reaction Equilibrium Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Consider the following equilibrium system: 2HF(g) F 2(g) + H 2 (g)
More informationChemical Equilibrium. Many reactions are, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B
Chemical Equilibrium Many reactions are, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B The point reached in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction (product formation,
More informationRevision Notes on Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium
Revision Notes on Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium Equilibrium Equilibrium is the state of a process in which the properties like temperature, pressure, and concentration etc of the system do not show any
More informationUnit 13: Rates and Equilibrium- Guided Notes
Name: Period: What is a Chemical Reaction and how do they occur? Unit 13: Rates and Equilibrium- Guided Notes A chemical reaction is a process that involves of atoms Law of Conservation of : Mass is neither
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Forward Rxn: A + B C + D Reverse Rxn: A + B C + D Written as: A + B C + D OR A + B C + D A reversible reaction has both an endothermic rxn and an exothermic rxn Reactants Exothermic
More informationCHEM N-2 November 2014
CHEM1612 2014-N-2 November 2014 Explain the following terms or concepts. Le Châtelier s principle 1 Used to predict the effect of a change in the conditions on a reaction at equilibrium, this principle
More informationChemical Kinetics and Equilibrium
Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium 1 Which statement incorrectly describes a chemical reaction approaching equilibrium? As a chemical reaction approaches equilibrium, the net change in the amount of reactants
More informationReaction Kinetics Multiple Choice
Reaction Kinetics Multiple Choice January 1999 1. Consider the reaction: Ca (s) + 2H 2 O (l) Ca(OH) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) At a certain temperature, 2.50 g Ca reacts completely in 30.0 seconds. The rate of consumption
More informationEquilibrium & Reaction Rate
Equilibrium & Reaction Rate 1. One of the important reactions in coal gasification is the catalytic methanation reaction: CO(g) + H (g) H O(g) + CH 4 (g) H 06 kj a) Predict the direction in which this
More informationEquilibrium Unit. Terminology. Terminology 11/04/2018. Chemistry 30 Ms. Hayduk
Equilibrium Unit Chemistry 30 Ms. Hayduk Terminology System: the part of the universe being studied can be tiny (one atom) or big (the Earth) Surroundings: the part of the universe outside of the system
More informationI. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) is K p
Unit 7 EQUILIBRIUM I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. We know that the relationship between K c and K p is K p K c (RT) n What would be the value of n for the reaction NH 4 Cl (s) NH 3 (g) + HCl
More informationChemistry 12: Dynamic Equilibrium Practice Test
Chemistry 12: Dynamic Equilibrium Practice Test A. Multiple Choice: For each question, select the best answer and record your choice on the answer key provided. /25 1) A system at equilibrium is said to
More informationCHM 2046 Test 2 Review: Chapter 12, Chapter 13, & Chapter 14
Chapter 12: 1. In an 80.0 L home aquarium, the total pressure is 1 atm and the mole fraction of nitrogen is 0.78. Henry s law constant for N 2 in water at 25 is 6.1 x 10 4. What mass of nitrogen is dissolved
More informationNanoscale pictures: Figs. 5.1, 5.4, and 5.5
Solutions and concentration Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Example: water, sugar, flavor mixture (Coke). The substances are physically combined, not chemically combined or bonded
More informationChem1120pretest2Summeri2015
Name: Class: Date: Chem1120pretest2Summeri2015 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When the system A + B C + D is at equilibrium, a. the forward
More informationDynamic Equilibrium. going back and forth at the same rate
Dynamic Equilibrium going back and forth at the same time at the same rate LeChatelier s Principle If a system at equilibrium is disturbed it will respond in the direction that counteracts the disturbance
More informationJanuary 03, Ch 13 SB equilibrium.notebook
Ch 13: Chemical Equilibrium exists when 2 opposing reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate (dynamic rather than static) Forward rate = reverse rate https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wld_imyqagq The
More informationPractice Test - Chapter 13, 14, 15
Practice Test - Chapter 13, 14, 15 1. For which of the following values of the equilibrium constant does the reaction go the farthest to completion? a. 10 5 b. 10 3 c. 10 0 d. 10-3 e. 10-5 2. Carbon disulfide
More informationaa + bb ---> cc + dd
17 Chemical Equilibria Consider the following reaction: aa + bb ---> cc + dd As written is suggests that reactants A + B will be used up in forming products C + D. However, what we learned in the section
More informationChapter 15 Equilibrium
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium Common Student Misconceptions Many students need to see how the numerical problems in this chapter are solved. Students confuse the arrows used for resonance ( )and equilibrium
More informationCHAPTER-7 EQUILIBRIUM ONE MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS. CHAPTER WEIGHTAGE: 13
CHAPTER-7 EQUILIBRIUM ONE MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS. CHAPTER WEIGHTAGE: 13 1.What is a reversible reaction? Ans. The reaction in which both forward and backward reaction takes place simultaneously is
More informationChapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium 15.1 The Concept of Equilibrium Consider colorless frozen N 2 O 4. At room temperature, it decomposes to brown NO 2. N 2 O 4 (g) 2NO 2 (g) At some time, the color stops
More informationWhich of the following units could be used to express reaction rate? Reaction Kinetics Monster Review
Chemistry 12 Reaction Kinetics Monster Review 1. Which of the following units could be used to express reaction rate? A. ml s B. ml g C. g ml D. ml mol 2. Consider the reaction: Zn( s) + 2HCl( aq) ZnCl2(
More informationCollision Theory. Collision theory: 1. atoms, ions, and molecules must collide in order to react. Only a small number of collisions produce reactions
UNIT 16: Chemical Equilibrium collision theory activation energy activated complex reaction rate reversible reaction chemical equilibrium law of chemical equilibrium equilibrium constant homogeneous equilibrium
More informationChapter Test A. Chapter: Chemical Equilibrium
Assessment Chapter Test A Chapter: Chemical Equilibrium In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. A 15.0 ml volume
More informationWhich of the following factors will not alter the position of equilibrium?
86 N( g) + 3H $ ( g) NH3 ( g) Which of the following factors will not alter the position of uilibrium? A a pressure decrease B a temperature increase C the presence of a catalyst D the addition of more
More informationSCH4U: EXAM REVIEW. 2. Which of the following has a standard enthalpy of formation of 0 kj mol -1 at 25ºC and 1.00 atm?
SCH4U_08-09 SCH4U: EXAM REVIEW 1. The heat of a reaction is equal to: a. enthalpy (products) + enthalpy (reactants) b. enthalpy (reactants) enthalpy (products) c. enthalpy (products) enthalpy (reactants)
More information33. a. Heat is absorbed from the water (it gets colder) as KBr dissolves, so this is an endothermic process.
31. This is an endothermic reaction so heat must be absorbed in order to convert reactants into products. The high temperature environment of internal combustion engines provides the heat. 33. a. Heat
More informationAP CHEMISTRY NOTES 8-1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM: AN INTRODUCTION
AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 8-1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM: AN INTRODUCTION Chemical Equilibrium a dynamic state in which the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the reverse reaction in a system are equal (the
More informationCHEM 1412 Answers to Practice Problems Chapters 15, 16, & 17
CHEM 1412 Answers to Practice Problems Chapters 15, 16, & 17 1. Definitions can be found in the end-of-chapter reviews and in the glossary at the end of the textbook! 2. Conjugate Base Conjugate Acid Compound
More informationCHEMISTRY 12 UNIT II EQUILIBRIUM D Learning Goals
CHEMISTRY 12 UNIT II EQUILIBRIUM D Learning Goals 1. Chemical equilibrium is said to by dynamic because a. The reaction proceeds quickly b. The mass of the reactants is decreasing c. The macroscopic properties
More informationReview Unit #11. Review Unit # H 2 O (g) + CO (g) H 2(g) + CO 2(g) H>1
Review Unit #11 1. H 2 O (g) + CO (g) H 2(g) + CO 2(g) H>1 K c = 1.6 What effect would these changes have on the equilibrium position? a. Cool the mixture b. Increase the volume of the flask c. Add H 2(g)
More informationReview Package #2 Measurement and Communication The Mole Chemical Reactions and Equations Stoichiometry
Chemistry 11 Review Package #2 Measurement and Communication The Mole Chemical Reactions and Equations Stoichiometry 1. Measurement and Communication: A. Scientific Notation: - Conversion of numbers from
More informationChemistry 12. Resource Exam B. Exam Booklet
Chemistry 12 Resource Exam B Exam Booklet Contents: 21 pages Examination: 2 hours 50 multiple-choice questions in the Exam Booklet Additional Time Permitted: 60 minutes Province of British Columbia PART
More informationProblem Set III Stoichiometry - Solutions
Chem 121 Problem set III Solutions - 1 Problem Set III Stoichiometry - Solutions 1. 2. 3. molecular mass of ethane = 2(12.011) + 6(1.008) = 30.07 g 4. molecular mass of aniline = 6(12.011) + 7(1.008) +
More informationOAC UNIT 4 - SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA - ANSWERS
OAC UNIT 4 - SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA - ANSWERS 1. a) NH 3 is most likely ( H = 201 ) **enthalpy (difference between the energy req d to break up the crystal lattice and the energy obtained in the hydration
More informationChapter 6: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 6: Chemical Equilibrium 6.1 The Equilibrium Condition 6. The Equilibrium Constant 6.3 Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures 6.4 The Concept of Activity 6.5 Heterogeneous Equilibria 6.6 Applications
More informationChapter 15 Equilibrium
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium Common Student Misconceptions Many students need to see how the numerical problems in this chapter are solved. Students confuse the arrows used for resonance ( )and equilibrium
More informationChapter 20: Thermodynamics
Chapter 20: Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the study of energy (including heat) and chemical processes. First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. E universe = E system + E
More informationChemical & Solubility Equilibrium (K eq, K c, K p, K sp )
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Unit 8 (Chp 15,17): Chemical & Solubility (K eq, K c, K p, K sp ) John D. Bookstaver St. Charles
More informationChapter 15 Equilibrium
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium 15.1 The Concept of Equilibrium Chemical equilibrium is the point at which the concentrations of all species are constant. A dynamic equilibrium exists when the rates of
More informationAP Chemistry Big Idea Review
Name: AP Chemistry Big Idea Review Background The AP Chemistry curriculum is based on 6 Big Ideas and many Learning Objectives associated with each Big Idea. This review will cover all of the Big Ideas
More information3 A (aq) + 2 D (aq) + 5 C (s) <==> 3 B (aq) + 4 E (aq) + 2 G (ppt)
AP Chemistry Test (Chapter 13) Multiple Choice (30%) 1) Which one best describes the K C for this reaction? 3 A (aq) + 2 D (aq) + 5 C (s) 3 B (aq) + 4 E (aq) + 2 G (ppt) A) K c = [A] 3 [D] 2 B) K
More informationCHM Third Hour Exam Spring 2003
CHM 1143 Third Hour Exam Spring 2003 Each question is worth 10 points. You get six free misses. Write the letter of your choice to the right of the answer choices. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative
More information2 NO, has reached a state of dynamic equilibrium, which statement below is true?
Chemistry 11-014, Vining Exam #3 NAME: Answer Key Take Home Version 1. When the reversible reaction, N + O NO, has reached a state of dynamic equilibrium, which statement below is true? (a) Both the forward
More informationAP Chem Chapter 12 Notes: Gaseous Equilibrium
AP Chem Chapter 12 Notes: Gaseous Equilibrium Equilibrium I. Equilibrium is reached when both the and reactions are occurring at. A. Dynamic Equilibrium: reactions are still occurring but the of reactants
More informationChem1120pretest2Summeri2015
Chem1120pretest2Summeri2015 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When the system A + B C + D is at equilibrium, a. the forward reaction has
More informationChapter 15 Chemical Equilibrium. Equilibrium
Chapter 15 Chemical The Concept of Chemical equilibrium occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at the same rate. The Concept of As a system approaches equilibrium, both the forward and
More informationCH 302 Spring 2008 Worksheet 4 Answer Key Practice Exam 1
CH 302 Spring 2008 Worksheet 4 Answer Key Practice Exam 1 1. Predict the signs of ΔH and ΔS for the sublimation of CO 2. a. ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0 b. ΔH > 0, ΔS < 0 c. ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0 d. ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0 Answer:
More informationCHAPTER 13 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. Questions. The Equilibrium Constant
CHATER 1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Questions 10. a. This experiment starts with only H and N, and no NH present. From the initial mixture diagram, there is three times as many H as N molecules. So the green
More informationUseful Information is Located at the End of the Exam. 1. An Elementary Step in a reaction mechanism tells us:
CHEM 122 General Chemistry Summer 2014 Name: Midterm Examination 2 Useful Information is Located at the End of the Exam. Multiple Choice Questions 1. An Elementary Step in a reaction mechanism tells us:
More informationK c = [NH 3 ] C [H 2 S] = x 10!4
Dr. Zellmer Chemistry 1250 Wednesday Time: 30 mins Spring Semester 2019 April 17, 2019 Quiz III Name KEY Lab TA/time 1. (10 pts) For the following reaction K c equals 1.200 x 10!4 at 218EC. NH 4 HS (s)
More informationUnit 9b: Equilibrium, Enthalpy, and Entropy
Unit 9b: Equilibrium, Enthalpy, and Entropy Student Name: Key Class Period: 3, 5, & 10 Website upload-unit 9b: Equilibrium Systems Page 1 of 45 Key Page intentionally blank Website upload-unit 9b: Equilibrium
More information